Insight into the mechanism of aspartame‐induced toxicity in male reproductive system following long‐term consumption in mice model

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-237
Author(s):  
Hojat Anbara ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Sheibani ◽  
Mazdak Razi ◽  
Mehdi Kian
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals O-037 The impact of COVID-19 on male fertility: what do we know?”

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Pacey
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract text Since the very early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, concern has been raised about the possibility of damage to the male reproductive system in those men who are infected with SARS-CoV-2. This was first raised by the early observation (January 2020) that the route of infection was via the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor present on host cells. ACE-2 was first described in the year 2000 and subsequently shown in 2004 to be selectively expressed in the Leydig cells of the adult testis. This opens up the possibility that although COVID-19 is primarily a respiratory infection, it may also infect the male reproductive system. The authors of several review articles have proposed that male fertility may be theoretically impacted by SARS-CoV-2 in a number of ways. This includes alteration of: (i) testicular architecture; (ii) reproductive hormone profiles (LH/FSH); (iii) spermatogenesis as evidenced by changes to ejaculate quality; (iv) sperm function (e.g., DNA damage); (v) sexual/erectile function; or a combination of all five. Clearly each of these individually may impact on the chance of pregnancy or live birth either in natural or medically assisted reproduction. There is also the possibility that SARS-CoV-2 may be transmitted sexually if sufficient numbers of SARS-CoV-2 are found in semen. Reassuringly, of 14 studies published to date, there is little evidence to suggest that SARS-CoV-2 is present in semen and so the possibility of sexual transmission in patient or donor samples can probably be discounted. However, there is currently an incomplete picture of whether semen quality is affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection as studies are often limited by the fact that no pre-infection control samples are available for direct comparison or they are too short to identify any long-term effects. Nevertheless, the few case-controlled studies published which compare semen quality infected with non-infected (control) individuals suggest that there may be a statistically significant alteration in sperm concentration and motility, although it is not clear whether this is linked to infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus or simply a consequence of febrile illness and fever (or medication given to combat the infection). There is currently a lack of long-term data on any impact of COVID-19 on male reproductive hormones (although much speculation about the role that testosterone might play in the severity of disease). There are also emerging reports of increased risk of erectile dysfunction in men following SARS-CoV-2. In terms of birth rates, it is simply too early to tell whether these have been affected by the pandemic, given the possibility of lockdown affecting sexual behaviour in fertile couples and IVF clinic closures in infertile couples. In conclusion, although the COVID-19 pandemic has infected over 130 million people worldwide we still know too little about the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the male reproductive system. Given the incidence of long-COVID, and the asymptomatic nature of the infection for some, it is important to commission and conduct long-term studies which can monitor the reproductive outcomes of young men who have survived a SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals Biphasic adverse effect of titanium nanoparticles on testicular function in mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuhiko Miura ◽  
Katsumi Ohtani ◽  
Tatsuya Hasegawa ◽  
Hiroki Yoshioka ◽  
Gi-Wook Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Sperm Analysis ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Long Term Effect

Abstract The male reproductive system is being recognized as toxic targets of nanoparticles including titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiNP). Most of these reports are, however, obtained from the results of long-term exposure of TiNP. In this study, we diversely examined the acute effects of TiNP on the male reproductive system. Male C57BL/6J mice were administered a single intravenous injection of TiNP (10, 50 mg/kg), and were sacrificed at 1, 3, and 9 days post-injection. Testicular functions (estimated by sperm motility and sperm number) were measured via computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). Results indicated that sperm motility was significantly reduced from 1 day following TiNP injection (in both dose), and this reduction persisted up to 9 days post-TiNP injection (10 mg/kg injection group). Interestingly, we observed no significant decrease in sperm numbers in both the testis and the cauda epididymis in either treatment groups during the course of the experiment. Therefore, we hypothesized that TiNP may target the mature spermatozoa. In addition, sperm suspensions directly incubated with TiNP showed reduced sperm motility, [3H]-thymidine incorporation, and ATP level. Our results indicated that TiNP possesses “biphasic effects”; the obstacles to mature sperms (short term effect) in addition to the impairment in testis (long-term effect).

Experimental Evaluation of Long-Term Toxic Effects of Methotrexate on Male Reproductive System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Borovskaya ◽  
Yu. A. Shchemerova ◽  
E. A. Bokhan ◽  
V. A. Grigor’eva ◽  
A. V. Vychuzhanina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Toxic Effects

Experimental evaluation of the long-term toxic effects of methotrexate on the male reproductive system

2021 ◽  
Vol 171 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
T. G. Borovskaya ◽  
◽  
Yu. A. Shchemerova ◽  
E. A. Bokhan ◽  
V. A. Grigoreva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Toxic Effects

scholarly journals Persistence and Intra-Host Genetic Evolution of Zika Virus Infection in Symptomatic Adults: A Special View in the Male Reproductive System

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Oliveira ◽  
Giuliana Durigon ◽  
Érica Mendes ◽  
Jason Ladner ◽  
Robert Andreata-Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Genetic Evolution ◽  
Single Nucleotide Variants ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Male Patients

We followed the presence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in four healthy adults (two men and two women), for periods ranging from 78 to 298 days post symptom onset. The patients were evaluated regarding the presence of the virus in different body fluids (blood, saliva, urine and semen), development of immune responses (including antibodies, cytokines and chemokines), and virus genetic variation within samples collected from semen and urine during the infection course. The analysis was focused primarily on the two male patients who shed the virus for up to 158 days after the initial symptoms. ZIKV particles were detected in the spermatozoa cytoplasm and flagella, in immature sperm cells and could also be isolated from semen in cell culture, confirming that the virus is able to preserve integrity and infectivity during replication in the male reproductive system (MRS). Despite the damage caused by ZIKV infection within the MRS, our data showed that ZIKV infection did not result in infertility at least in one of the male patients. This patient was able to conceive a child after the infection. We also detected alterations in the male genital cytokine milieu, which could play an important role in the replication and transmission of the virus which could considerably increase the risk of ZIKV sexual spread. In addition, full genome ZIKV sequences were obtained from several samples (mainly semen), which allowed us to monitor the evolution of the virus within a patient during the infection course. We observed genetic changes over time in consensus sequences and lower frequency intra-host single nucleotide variants (iSNV), that suggested independent compartmentalization of ZIKV populations in the reproductive and urinary systems. Altogether, the present observations confirm the risks associated with the long-term replication and shedding of ZIKV in the MRS and help to elucidate patterns of intra-host genetic evolution during long term replication of the virus.

scholarly journals Histology and Histometric Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System of Bat (Eidolon helvum)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Danmaigoro ◽  
J. E. Onu ◽  
M. L. Sonfada ◽  
M. A. Umaru ◽  
F. O. Oyelowo
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Luminal Diameter ◽  
Fruit Bat ◽  
Mucosal Lining ◽  
Eidolon Helvum ◽  
Insight Into

The male reproductive system of fruit bat (Eidolon helvum) was studied histologically using light microscope. Thirty males (17 adults and 13 juveniles) were captured using net, weighed, aged using relative ossification of the wing bone, and dissected and reproductive tissue was processed for histomorphometry. On the basis of histological sections, the structures of a pair of testis containing the seminiferous tubules of adults were compacted in organization with spermatogenic cells. The epididymis has a thinner muscular region than the vas deferens with longitudinal folds on the mucosal lining. Two portions were observed in the prostate gland, while seminal vesicle has numerous trabeculae and bulbourethral gland was observed to have multiacini. There was increase in thickness of muscular region, epithelial height, and luminal diameter of epididymis and vas deferens between adults and juveniles. This work has documented the histology of the male reproductive system in bats, and ultrastructure and histochemistry are recommended for further insight into the reproductive biology.

scholarly journals Long-Term Impact of Immunosuppressants at Therapeutic Doses on Male Reproductive System in Unilateral Nephrectomized Rats: A Comparative Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yehui Chen ◽  
Zhi Zhang ◽  
Yun Lin ◽  
Huaxin Lin ◽  
Miaoyuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipients ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Electron Microscopic

Cyclosporine, tacrolimus, and sirolimus are commonly used in renal transplant recipients to prevent rejection. However, information for comparative effects of these agents on the male productive system is extremely limited and controversial. In a physiologically and clinically relevant rat model of unilateral nephrectomy, we demonstrated that long-term oral administration of both cyclosporine and sirolimus at doses equivalent to the therapeutic levels used for postrenal transplant patients significantly affects testicular development and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis accompanied by profound histological changes of testicular structures on both light and electron microscopic examinations. Spermatogenesis was also severely impaired as indicated by low total sperm counts along with reduction of sperm motility and increase in sperm abnormality after treatment with these agents, which may lead to male infertility. On the other hand, treatment with therapeutic dose of tacrolimus only induced mild reduction of sperm count without histological evidence of testicular injury. The current study clearly demonstrates that commonly used immunosuppressants have various impacts on male reproductive system even at therapeutic levels. Our data provide useful information for the assessment of male infertility in renal transplant recipients who wish to father children. Clinical trials to address these issues should be urged.

Turkish Muslims in a German city: Entrepreneurial and residential self-determination

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Sarah Hackett
Keyword(s):  
Residential Patterns ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
German City ◽  
Post War ◽  
Oral History Interviews ◽  
The City ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Term Objective

Drawing upon a collection of oral history interviews, this paper offers an insight into entrepreneurial and residential patterns and behaviour amongst Turkish Muslims in the German city of Bremen. The academic literature has traditionally argued that Turkish migrants in Germany have been pushed into self-employment, low-quality housing and segregated neighbourhoods as a result of discrimination, and poor employment and housing opportunities. Yet the interviews reveal the extent to which Bremen’s Turkish Muslims’ performances and experiences have overwhelmingly been the consequences of personal choices and ambitions. For many of the city’s Turkish Muslim entrepreneurs, self-employment had been a long-term objective, and they have succeeded in establishing and running their businesses in the manner they choose with regards to location and clientele, for example. Similarly, interviewees stressed the way in which they were able to shape their housing experiences by opting which districts of the city to live in and by purchasing property. On the whole, they perceive their entrepreneurial and residential practices as both consequences and mediums of success, integration and a loyalty to the city of Bremen. The findings are contextualised within the wider debate regarding the long-term legacy of Germany’s post-war guest-worker system and its position as a “country of immigration”.

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