Toxic effects of chromium (VI) by maternal ingestion on liver function of female rats and their suckling pups

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nejla Soudani ◽  
Hanen Bouaziz ◽  
Mediha Sefi ◽  
Yassine Chtourou ◽  
Tahia Boudawara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Chromium Vi

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF UNANI ANXIOLYTICS (SOMINA) ON GENERAL REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND TERATOLOGY IN RATS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ahmed ◽  
Aisha Azmat
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Teratogenic Effects ◽  
Fertility Index ◽  
Human Dose ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
Period Of Gestation

Objective: Somina (herbal medicine) is used in Pakistan as Unani anxiolytics. It is composed of five medicinal plants. The current work was designed to evaluate the general reproductive and teratogenic effects of somina in two consecutive generations of rats according to the OECD guideline.Methods: Fertility study (a two-phase study) was done in Sprague-Dawley rats. 1st part: three groups’ female rats (10 rats each group) received different doses orally. First group: The control group (saline), a single oral human dose of somina (2nd group: 285 mg/kg/day) and the high dose of somina (3rd group: 1g/kg/day) during the whole period of gestation till the delivery of pups named as F1 Breed. For the second part of study ten females were selected from each F1 breed (control, somina 285 mg/kg/d, somina 1g/kg/day) and administered the same treatment from day first of mating than the entire period of gestation until F1 breed delivered pups (F2 breed). For F1 and F2 breed the fertility index and litter size were determined. Some of the female rats (F1 and F2) were anesthetized and autopsied. The blood sample was subjected to biochemical analysis and serum liver function test: bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transferase (γGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT: SGPT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST: SGOT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured spectrophotometrically. The uterine growth index, fertility index, and litter size were also measured to evaluate the teratogenic effects of somina treated rats.Results: The data showed that any significant different (P>0.05) was not found during the maternal examination (uterine growth index, fertility index) and reproductive parameters (litter size, the quantity of fetus, aborted or absorbed fetus) in somina treated rats as compare to control rats (P>0.05). Control and treated Pups did not show any significant (P>0.05) malformation and any congenital defects. Non-significant (P>0.05) changes were observed in liver function test. It was found normal in all groups. Macroscopic autopsy examination also did not reveal any significant (P>0.05) pathological findings in the liver, kidneys, and uterus.Conclusion: The oral administration of somina during the gestational period of pregnant female rats was not teratogenic/fetotoxic. Any adverse or deleterious effects were not observed at the dose of 285 mg/kg (human dose) or 1g/kg (3times greater than the human dose) during pregnancy, and it is safe in rats.

scholarly journals ACUTE AND SUB CHRONIC TOXICITY STUDIES OF PURIFIED WITHANIA SOMNIFERA EXTRACT IN RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benny Antony ◽  
Merina Benny ◽  
Binu T. Kuruvilla ◽  
Nishant Kumar Gupta ◽  
Anu Sebastian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Dose Level ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Withania Somnifera ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Adverse Effect Level

Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the acute and sub-chronic (90 d; repeated dose) toxicity of Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) extract in rats.Methods: The acute toxicity was evaluated as per OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) guidelines 423. Purified ashwagandha extract (PAE) was fed at 2000 mg/kg body weight (bw) to overnight fasted female rats. The animals were observed daily for clinical signs of abnormality/mortality. After 14 d, animals were sacrificed and gross pathological changes were recorded. Sub-chronic toxicity of PAE was studied by feeding the extract at 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw daily to rats as per OECD guidelines 408. After 90 d feeding, heamatological and biochemical parameters of treated rats were compared with control animals. Histopathology of all the major organs was also studied.Results: In the acute toxicity study, no mortality or clinical signs of toxicity were observed in any of the animals at maximum recommended dose level of 2000 mg/kg bw; therefore the LD50 is>2000 mg/kg bw in rats. The repeated administration of PAE for 90 d in rats at the maximum dose level of 1000 mg/kg bw did not induce any observable toxic effects, when compared to its corresponding control animals. The hematology and biochemistry profile of treated rats was similar to control animals and difference was non-significant (p>0.05). The histopathology of major organs of all the control and treated animals was normal. In this study the NOAEL (No Observed Adverse Effect Level) was calculated as 1000 mg/kg bw daily for rats.Conclusion: The present study clearly indicates that PAE does not have any toxic effects in animals at the dose evaluated as evidenced by acute and sub chronic toxicity studies in rats.

scholarly journals Chromium(VI) Toxicity in Legume Plants: Modulation Effects of Rhizobial Symbiosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uliana Ya. Stambulska ◽  
Maria M. Bayliak ◽  
Volodymyr I. Lushchak
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Pigment Synthesis ◽  
Chromium Vi ◽  
Rhizobial Symbiosis ◽  
Promote Plant Growth ◽  
Legume Plants ◽  
Cellular Components

Most legume species have the ability to establish a symbiotic relationship with soil nitrogen-fixing rhizobacteria that promote plant growth and productivity. There is an increasing evidence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) important role in formation of legume-rhizobium symbiosis and nodule functioning. Environmental pollutants such as chromium compounds can cause damage to rhizobia, legumes, and their symbiosis. In plants, toxic effects of chromium(VI) compounds are associated with the increased production of ROS and oxidative stress development as well as with inhibition of pigment synthesis and modification of virtually all cellular components. These metabolic changes result in inhibition of seed germination and seedling development as well as reduction of plant biomass and crop yield. However, if plants establish symbiosis with rhizobia, heavy metals are accumulated preferentially in nodules decreasing the toxicity of metals to the host plant. This review summarizes data on toxic effects of chromium on legume plants and legume-rhizobium symbiosis. In addition, we discussed the role of oxidative stress in both chromium toxicity and formation of rhizobial symbiosis and use of nodule bacteria for minimizing toxic effects of chromium on plants.

Toxic effects of triptolide on adrenal steroidogenesis in H295R cells and female rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling‐Yan Xu ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
Rui Cheng ◽  
Li‐Xin Sun ◽  
Zhen‐Zhou Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Rats ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Adrenal Steroidogenesis ◽  
H295r Cells

scholarly journals The subchronic toxic effects of Mosla Chinensis Maxim in normal rats.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Lei ◽  
Longxue Li ◽  
Shenghong Huang ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Pingdong Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Group ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sd Rats

Abstract Background: The aim of this work was to study the toxic effects and target organs of Mosla Chinensis Maxim (MCM) in rats and provide theoretical basis for clinical medication.Methods: The subchronic toxicity study was conducted on 60 male and female SD rats using the fixed-dose method for the treatment group and 20 male and female SD rats for the control. At the subchronic toxicity study, the water extract of MCM with fixed-dose of 0.2g/kg/day, 2g/kg/day and 20g/kg/day was administered for 90 days intragastric, and the control group was given the same amount of distilled water. After 90 days, the general conditions of the rats were observed. Assesment on safety of the extract was conducted by a subchronic toxicity test which mainly examined alteration occured in gut flora and urine metabolism. Results: The results showed that there were no significant toxic effects observed at all doses on physical sign and reactivity and fecal property of rats in the treatment groups had no obvious difference from those in control group. The results of routine blood test showed that the number of red blood cells in the male medium dose group and the female low dose group were significantly different from those in the control group (P<0.05). The results of serum biochemical indicators test showed that MCM had influence on the indicators of liver and kidney function, but it had no toxicological significance. In terms of glucose and lipid metabolism, the LDL level of male rats was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, GLU level of female rats in the low, medium and high dose groups was significantly increased (P<0.05), indicating that long-term administration of MCM would affect the glucose level of female rats. The results of intestinal flora diversity showed that feeding MCM for 90 days had an impact on the distribution of intestinal flora. The content of lactobacillus increased and the ratio of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes (F/B) was also affected, but there was no significant difference. Conclusions: These findings showed that the long-term intragastric administration of the MCM is safe to use within its dose recommendation. But it could have slight affect the metabolism of uric acid by changing the composition of intestinal flora and affecting the metabolism of tryptophan.

scholarly journals On the toxic effects of salvarsan on liver function

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1057-1059
Author(s):  
I. Bazilevich ◽  
E. Levin
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Ideal

If the ideal of chemotherapy is to be considered the maximum of the parasitotropic properties of the drug while the minimum is organotropic, then the famous Ehrlich'a-salvarsan compound satisfies it to a high degree.

Final Report on the Safety Assessment of BHT

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 19-94 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cosmetic Formulations

BHT is the recognized name in the cosmetics industry for butylated hydroxytoluene. BHT is used in a wide range of cosmetic formulations as an antioxidant at concentrations from 0.0002% to 0.5%. BHT does penetrate the skin, but the relatively low amount absorbed remains primarily in the skin. Oral studies demonstrate that BHT is metabolized. The major metabolites appear as the carboxylic acid of BHT and its glucuronide in urine. At acute doses of 0.5 to 1.0 g/kg, some renal and hepatic damage was seen in male rats. Short-term repeated exposure to comparable doses produced hepatic toxic effects in male and female rats. Subchronic feeding and intraperitoneal studies in rats with BHT at lower doses produced increased liver weight, and decreased activity of several hepatic enzymes. In addition to liver and kidney effects, BHT applied to the skin was associated with toxic effects in lung tissue. BHT was not a reproductive or developmental toxin in animals. BHT has been found to enhance and to inhibit the humoral immune response in animals. BHT itself was not generally considered genotoxic, although it did modify the genotoxicity of other agents. BHT has been associated with hepatocellular and pulmonary adenomas in animals, but was not considered carcinogenic and actually was associated with a decreased incidence of neoplasms. BHT has been shown to have tumor promotion effects, to be anticarcinogenic, and to have no effect on other carcinogenic agents, depending on the target organ, exposure parameters, the carcinogen, and the animal tested. Various mechanism studies suggested that BHT toxicity is related to an electrophillic metabolite. In a predictive clinical test, 100% BHT was a mild irritant and a moderate sensitizer. In provocative skin tests, BHT (in the 1% to 2% concentration range) produced positive reactions in a small number of patients. Clinical testing did not find any depigmentation associated with dermal exposure to BHT, although a few case reports of depigmentation were found. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel recognized that oral exposure to BHT was associated with toxic effects in some studies and was negative in others. BHT applied to the skin, however, appears to remain in the skin or pass through only slowly and does not produce systemic exposures to BHT or its metabolites seen with oral exposures. Although there were only limited studies that evaluated the effect of BHT on the skin, the available studies, along with the case literature, demonstrate no significant irritation, sensitization, or photosensitization. Recognizing the low concentration at which this ingredient is currently used in cosmetic formulations, it was concluded that BHT is safe as used in cosmetic formulations.

Cardioprotective effects of selenium on chromium (VI)-induced toxicity in female rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nejla Soudani ◽  
Afef Troudi ◽  
Hanen Bouaziz ◽  
Ibtissem Ben Amara ◽  
Tahia Boudawara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Rats ◽  
Chromium Vi ◽  
Cardioprotective Effects

COMPETITION OF CADMIUM FOR ZINC IN RAT TESTIS AND DORSOLATERAL PROSTATE

1961 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel A. Gunn ◽  
Thelma Clark Gould ◽  
W. A. D. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Complexes ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Simultaneous Administration ◽  
Rat Testis ◽  
Zn Uptake ◽  
Selective Interference ◽  
Testicular Injury

ABSTRACT Cadmium has been shown to produce acute destruction of testes and permanent sterility in male rats with doses which apparently do not damage other tissues. Since this testicular injury could be prevented, at least temporarily, by the simultaneous administration of large doses of zinc it appeared that cadmium was exerting its toxic effects by virtue of competition for essential sites normally occupied by zinc. The results of this paper show that the capacity of the testis and dorsolateral prostate to take up administered 65Zn is depressed by the presence of cadmium. Former studies have shown that in both testis and dorsolateral prostate the amount of 65Zn taken up is under hormonal (I. C. S. H. or androgen) control. In contrast the 65Zn uptake of the ventral prostate, which is not under I. C. S. H. or androgen control, is not altered by the presence of cadmium. Cadmium does not interfere with the reproductive capacities of female rats, nor does it cause any alteration of 65Zn uptake by ovary or uterine tract tissues. In view of the selective interference of cadmium with 65Zn uptake of only testis and dorsolateral prostate, it appears that the zinc complexes of these two organs, both of which are under I. C. S. H. or androgen control, differ from the zinc complexes of other organs.

THE EFFECT OF META-XYLOHYDROQUINONE ON MICE AND RATS

1956 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. KUMARI BATRA ◽  
SAFIA HAKIM
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Reproductive Physiology ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Still Birth ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Rats And Mice

SUMMARY Meta-xylohydroquinone (M-X) in various doses was fed to male and female rats and mice in order to observe its effect on their reproductive physiology. The administration of 1 mg M-X to breeding mice in a single dose resulted in resorption, abortion or still-birth. Toxic effects were not seen with any other dose. It is suggested that the substance may have some effect on the oestrous cycle, causing irregularities. The evidence available from the experiments carried out does not support the view that M-X prevents nidation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document