scholarly journals In vitro cardiomyogenic potential of human amniotic fluid stem cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Guan ◽  
Dawn M. Delo ◽  
Anthony Atala ◽  
Shay Soker
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Human Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells

scholarly journals Nuclear Nox4 Role in Stemness Power of Human Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tullia Maraldi ◽  
Marianna Guida ◽  
Manuela Zavatti ◽  
Elisa Resca ◽  
Laura Bertoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Human Stem Cells ◽  
Human Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells ◽  
Target Molecules ◽  
Cellular Compartments

Human amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSC) are an attractive source for cell therapy due to their multilineage differentiation potential and accessibility advantages. However the clinical application of human stem cells largely depends on their capacity to expandin vitro, since there is an extensive donor-to-donor heterogeneity. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cellular oxidative stress are involved in many physiological and pathophysiological processes of stem cells, including pluripotency, proliferation, differentiation, and stress resistance. The mode of action of ROS is also dependent on the localization of their target molecules. Thus, the modifications induced by ROS can be separated depending on the cellular compartments they affect. NAD(P)H oxidase family, particularly Nox4, has been known to produce ROS in the nucleus. In the present study we show that Nox4 nuclear expression (nNox4) depends on the donor and it correlates with the expression of transcription factors involved in stemness regulation, such as Oct4, SSEA-4, and Sox2. Moreover nNox4 is linked with the nuclear localization of redox sensitive transcription factors, as Nrf2 and NF-κB, and with the differentiation potential. Taken together, these results suggest that nNox4 regulation may have important effects in stem cell capability through modulation of transcription factors and DNA damage.

scholarly journals Human Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells Do Not Differentiate Into Dopamine Neurons In Vitro or After Transplantation In Vivo

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1003-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela E. Donaldson ◽  
Jingli Cai ◽  
Ming Yang ◽  
Lorraine Iacovitti
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Human Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells

scholarly journals Genetic and epigenetic modifications induced by chemotherapeutic drugs: human amniotic fluid stem cells as an in-vitro model

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabin Upadhyaya ◽  
Alessandra Di Serafino ◽  
Luca Sorino ◽  
Patrizia Ballerini ◽  
Marco Marchisio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Real Time ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Human Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells ◽  
Vitro Model

Abstract Background Bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin (BEP) are three chemotherapeutic agents widely used individually or in combination with each other or other chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of various cancers. These chemotherapeutic agents are cytotoxic; hence, along with killing cancerous cells, they also damage stem cell pools in the body, which causes various negative effects on patients. The epigenetic changes due to the individual action of BEP on stem cells are largely unknown. Methods Human amniotic fluid stem cells (hAFSCs) were treated with our in-vitro standardized dosages of BEP individually, for seven days. The cells were harvested after the treatment and extraction of DNA and RNA were performed. Real-time PCR and flow cytometry were conducted for cell markers analysis. The global DNA methylation was quantified using 5mC specific kit and promoter and CpG methylation % through bisulfite conversion and pyrosequencing. Micro- RNAs (miRNAs) were quantified with real-time qPCR. Results The cytotoxic nature of BEP was observed even at low dosages throughout the experiment. We also investigated the change in the expression of various pluripotent and germline markers and found a significant change in the properties of the cells after the treatments. The methylation of DNA at global, promoter and individual CpG levels largely get fluctuated due to the BEP treatment. Several tested miRNAs showed differential expression. No positive correlation between mRNA and protein expression was observed for some markers. Conclusion Cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents such as BEP were found to alter stem cell properties of hAFSCs. Different methylation profiles change dynamically, which may explain such changes in cellular properties. Data also suggests that the fate of hAFSCs after treatment may depend upon the interplay between the miRNAs. Finally, our results demonstrate that hAFSCs might prove to be a suitable in-vitro model of stem cells to predict genetic and epigenetic modification due to the action of various drugs.

scholarly journals Metabolic Profile and Neurogenic Potential of Human Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells From Normal vs. Fetus-Affected Gestations

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giedrė Valiulienė ◽  
Aistė Zentelytė ◽  
Elizabet Beržanskytė ◽  
Rūta Navakauskienė
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Human Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Status

Human amniotic fluid stem cells (hAFSCs) possess some characteristics with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and embryonic stem cells and have a broader differentiation potential compared to MSCs derived from other sources. Although hAFSCs are widely researched, their analysis mainly involves stem cells (SCs) obtained from normal, fetus-unaffected gestations. However, in clinical settings, knowledge about hAFSCs from normal gestations could be poorly translational, as hAFSCs from healthy and fetus-diseased gestations may differ in their differentiation and metabolic potential. Therefore, a more thorough investigation of hAFSCs derived from pathological gestations would provide researchers with the knowledge about the general characteristics of these cells that could be valuable for further scientific investigations and possible future clinical applicability. The goal of this study was to look into the neurogenic and metabolic potential of hAFSCs derived from diseased fetuses, when gestations were concomitant with polyhydramnios and compare them to hAFSCs derived from normal fetuses. Results demonstrated that these cells are similar in gene expression levels of stemness markers (SOX2, NANOG, LIN28A, etc.). However, they differ in expression of CD13, CD73, CD90, and CD105, as flow cytometry analysis revealed higher expression in hAFSCs from unaffected gestations. Furthermore, hAFSCs from “Normal” and “Pathology” groups were different in oxidative phosphorylation rate, as well as level of ATP and reactive oxygen species production. Although the secretion of neurotrophic factors BDNF and VEGF was of comparable degree, as evaluated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test, hAFSCs from normal gestations were found to be more prone to neurogenic differentiation, compared to hAFSCs from polyhydramnios. Furthermore, hAFSCs from polyhydramnios were distinguished by higher secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα, which was significantly downregulated in differentiated cells. Overall, these observations show that hAFSCs from pathological gestations with polyhydramnios differ in metabolic and inflammatory status and also possess lower neurogenic potential compared to hAFSCs from normal gestations. Therefore, further in vitro and in vivo studies are necessary to dissect the potential of hAFSCs from polyhydramnios in stem cell-based therapies. Future studies should also search for strategies that could improve the characteristics of hAFSCs derived from diseased fetuses in order for those cells to be successfully applied for regenerative medicine purposes.

Human amniotic fluid stem cells: neural differentiation in vitro and in vivo

2014 ◽  
Vol 357 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tullia Maraldi ◽  
Laura Bertoni ◽  
Massimo Riccio ◽  
Manuela Zavatti ◽  
Gianluca Carnevale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Neural Differentiation ◽  
Human Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells

Cellular Cardiomyoplasty with Human Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1925-1936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Chun Yeh ◽  
Hao-Ji Wei ◽  
Wen-Yu Lee ◽  
Chu-Leng Yu ◽  
Yen Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Human Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Cellular Cardiomyoplasty ◽  
Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells

scholarly journals Amniotic Fluid Cells, Stem Cells, and p53: Can We Stereotype p53 Functions?

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Rodrigues ◽  
Christine Blattner ◽  
Liborio Stuppia
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Human Stem Cells ◽  
Human Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
High Proliferation Rate ◽  
Alternative Sources

In recent years, great interest has been devoted to finding alternative sources for human stem cells which can be easily isolated, ideally without raising ethical objections. These stem cells should furthermore have a high proliferation rate and the ability to differentiate into all three germ layers. Amniotic fluid, ordinarily discarded as medical waste, is potentially such a novel source of stem cells, and these amniotic fluid derived stem cells are currently gaining a lot of attention. However, further information will be required about the properties of these cells before they can be used for therapeutic purposes. For example, the risk of tumor formation after cell transplantation needs to be explored. The tumor suppressor protein p53, well known for its activity in controlling Cell Prolif.eration and cell death in differentiated cells, has more recently been found to be also active in amniotic fluid stem cells. In this review, we summarize the major findings about human amniotic fluid stem cells since their discovery, followed by a brief overview of the important role played by p53 in embryonic and adult stem cells. In addition, we explore what is known about p53 in amniotic fluid stem cells to date, and emphasize the need to investigate its role, particularly in the context of cell tumorigenicity.

scholarly journals Amniotic fluid stem cells ameliorate cisplatin-induced acute renal failure through induction of autophagy and inhibition of apoptosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekta Minocha ◽  
Rohit Anthony Sinha ◽  
Manali Jain ◽  
Chandra Prakash Chaturvedi ◽  
Soniya Nityanand
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Acute Renal Failure ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells

Abstract Background We have recently demonstrated that amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSC) express renal progenitor markers and can be differentiated in vitro into renal lineage cell types, viz, juxtaglomerular and renal proximal tubular epithelial-like cells. Here, we have evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of AFSC in a cisplatin-induced rat model of acute renal failure (ARF) and investigated the underlying mechanisms responsible for their renoprotective effects. Methods ARF was induced in Wistar rats by intra-peritoneal injection of cisplatin (7 mg/kg). Five days after cisplatin injection, rats were randomized into two groups and injected with either AFSC or normal saline intravenously. On days 8 and 12 after cisplatin injection, the blood biochemical parameters, histopathological changes, apoptosis and expression of pro-apoptotic, anti-apoptotic, and autophagy-related proteins in renal tissues were studied in both groups of rats. To further confirm whether the protective effects of AFSC on cisplatin-induced apoptosis were dependent on autophagy, chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, was administered by the intra-peritoneal route. Results Administration of AFSC in ARF rats resulted in improvement of renal function and attenuation of renal damage as reflected by significant decrease in blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine levels, tubular cell apoptosis as assessed by Bax/Bcl2 ratio, and expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins, viz, PUMA, Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-9, as compared to the saline-treated group. Furthermore, in the AFSC-treated group as compared to the saline-treated group, there was a significant increase in the activation of autophagy as evident by increased expression of LC3-II, ATG5, ATG7, Beclin1, and phospho-AMPK levels with a concomitant decrease in phospho-p70S6K and p62 expression levels. Chloroquine administration led to significant reduction in the anti-apoptotic effects of the AFSC therapy and further deterioration in the renal structure and function caused by cisplatin. Conclusion AFSC led to amelioration of cisplatin-induced ARF which was mediated by inhibition of apoptosis and activation of autophagy. The protective effects of AFSC were blunted by chloroquine, an inhibitor of autophagy, highlighting that activation of autophagy is an important mechanism of action for the protective role of AFSC in cisplatin-induced renal injury.

291 ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS DERIVED FROM HUMAN AMNIOTIC FLUID

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-A. Choi ◽  
J.-H. Lee ◽  
K.-J. Kim ◽  
E.-Y. Kim ◽  
K.-S. Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Stem Cell Marker ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Cell Marker ◽  
Human Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells

Adult stem cells have the capacity to differentiate into several different cell types, although their differentiation potential is limited compared with that of embryonic stem cells. Thus, adult stem cells are regarded as an exciting source for new cell therapies. Recent observations also indicate that stem cells derived from second-trimester amniocentesis are pluripotent – capable of differentiating into multiple lineages, including representatives of all 3 embryonic germ layers. In addition, amniotic fluid stem cells can be used in the generation of disease- or patient-specific stem cells, and amniotic fluid stem cells could be an ideal source for autologous cell replacement therapy in the later life of the fetus. The aim of the present study was to investigate isolation and characterisation of human amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAFS). We successfully isolated and characterised hAFS. Amniotic fluid samples were collected in the second trimester (median gestational age: 16 weeks, range: 15–17 weeks) for prenatal diagnosis. Specimens (2 mL) were centrifuged and incubated in low-glucose DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS, 25 ng of basic fibroblast growth factor, and 10 ng of epidermal growth factor at 37°C with 5% CO2. Human amniotic fluid cell (passage 6) expression of stem cell specific markers OCT-4, SOX2, Rex1, FGF4, and NANOG was confirmed by RT-PCR. Flow cytometric analysis showed that hAFS (passage 10) were positive for CD44, CD29, CD146, STRO1, and CD90 but negative for CD19. Immunocytochemical analysis of hAFS (passage 11) also showed the expression of OCT-4, SSEA-1, CD44, CD29, CD146, STRO1, and CD90, but hAFS were negative for CD19 and CD14. In conclusion, according to the previous studies on other mammalians, hAFS are an appropriate source of pluripotent stem cells. Here, we demonstrated that hAFS have a high expression of stem cell specific marker, including embryonic stem cell marker and mesenchymal stem cell marker. Therefore, amniotic fluid may be a suitable alternative source of multipotent stem cells.

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