scholarly journals Optimizing a spontaneously contracting heart tissue patch with rat neonatal cardiac cells on fibrin gel

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ze-Wei Tao ◽  
Mohamed Mohamed ◽  
Matthew Hogan ◽  
Laura Gutierrez ◽  
Ravi K. Birla
Keyword(s):  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Cardiac Cells ◽  
Fibrin Gel ◽  
Contracting Heart

scholarly journals Recapitulating Cardiac Structure and Function In Vitro from Simple to Complex Engineering

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 386
Author(s):  
Ana Santos ◽  
Yongjun Jang ◽  
Inwoo Son ◽  
Jongseong Kim ◽  
Yongdoo Park
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Computational Modeling ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Cardiac Development ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Cardiac Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cardiac Cells

Cardiac tissue engineering aims to generate in vivo-like functional tissue for the study of cardiac development, homeostasis, and regeneration. Since the heart is composed of various types of cells and extracellular matrix with a specific microenvironment, the fabrication of cardiac tissue in vitro requires integrating technologies of cardiac cells, biomaterials, fabrication, and computational modeling to model the complexity of heart tissue. Here, we review the recent progress of engineering techniques from simple to complex for fabricating matured cardiac tissue in vitro. Advancements in cardiomyocytes, extracellular matrix, geometry, and computational modeling will be discussed based on a technology perspective and their use for preparation of functional cardiac tissue. Since the heart is a very complex system at multiscale levels, an understanding of each technique and their interactions would be highly beneficial to the development of a fully functional heart in cardiac tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of mitochondria and lysosome from isoproterenol induced cardiotoxic rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Malathi Mangalanathan ◽  
Tamiloli Devendhiran ◽  
Saraswathi Uthamaramasamy ◽  
Keerthika Kumarasamy ◽  
K Mohanraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Cardiac Cells ◽  
Marker Enzymes ◽  
Membrane Function ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Membrane Pretreatment ◽  
Hydroethanolic Extract

Mitochondrial and lysosomal membranes are prominent membranes of cardiac cells and are the factors that determine membrane function in myocardial ischemia. In this study, isolation of mitochondria and lysosome from heart tissue under the control, isoproterenol (ISO) (8.5mg/100g) induced cardiotoxic rats and oral pretreatment with Z. armatum fruit (200, 400mg/kg body weight) treated rats. Further characterization of marker enzymes was done. A decreased in the activity of all the mitochondrial and lysosomal marker enzymes in ISO administered cardiotoxic rats when compared to control rats which indicate ISO decreased the stability of the membrane. Pretreatment with hydroethanolic extract of Z. armatum fruit to ISO induced rats significantly reverted these biochemical alterations near to normal. The possible mechanism for the protection of heart mitochondria and lysosome against oxidative damage induced by ISO might be due to quenching of free radicals and enhancing the action of marker enzymes.

scholarly journals Effect of Quercetin and Intermittent and Continuous Exercise on Catalase, Superoxide dismutase, and Malondialdehyde in the Heart of Rats with Colon Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behrooz Talaei ◽  
Mohammad Panji ◽  
Fatemeh Nazari Robati ◽  
Sajjad Tezerji
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Cardiac Cells ◽  
Heart Cells ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Continuous Exercise

Background: Colorectal cancer is the fourth leading cause of death globally, and the second most common cancer in Europe. About 8% of all cancer-related deaths occur due to colorectal cancer, and the highest prevalence has been reported in Asia and Eastern Europe. Methods: In this experimental study, 80 rats were divided into two groups of cases (n=70) and controls (n=10). Colorectal cancer was induced weekly in rats by subcutaneous injection of 15 mg/kg Azoxymethane. The rats were then divided into 7 experimental subgroups of patients, saline, quercetin, intermittent exercise, continuous exercise, quercetin plus intermittent, and quercetin plus continuous exercise. Oxidative stress biomarkers, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in the rats’ heart tissue by the ELISA method. Data were analyzed using ANOVA by SPSS software. Results: Oxidative stress in heart cells increased due to colorectal cancer. Quercetin alone or in combination with exercise significantly increased mean levels of CAT and SOD in the heart tissue of rats compared with patient and saline groups (P<0.0001). In contrast, the MDA level was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion: Colorectal cancer increased the oxidative stress in cardiac cells. Quercetin alone improved oxidative stress in cardiac tissue, and its combination with exercise was more effective.

scholarly journals Heart-on-a-Chip: An Investigation of the Influence of Static and Perfusion Conditions on Cardiac (H9C2) Cell Proliferation, Morphology, and Alignment

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 536-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kobuszewska ◽  
Ewelina Tomecka ◽  
Kamil Zukowski ◽  
Elzbieta Jastrzebska ◽  
Michal Chudy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lab On A Chip ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Cardiac Cells ◽  
H9c2 Cell ◽  
Cardiac Diseases ◽  
H9c2 Cells ◽  
Parallel Microchannels ◽  
Static Conditions ◽  
Longitudinal Channel ◽  
Number Of Cells

Lab-on-a-chip systems are increasingly used as tools for cultures and investigation of cardiac cells. In this article, we present how the geometry of microsystems and microenvironmental conditions (static and perfusion) influence the proliferation, morphology, and alignment of cardiac cells (rat cardiomyoblasts—H9C2). Additionally, studies of cell growth after incubation with verapamil hydrochloride were performed. For this purpose, poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)/glass microfluidic systems with three different geometries of microchambers (a circular chamber, a longitudinal channel, and three parallel microchannels separated by two rows of micropillars) were prepared. It was found that static conditions did not enhance the growth of H9C2 cells in the microsystems. On the contrary, perfusion conditions had an influence on division, morphology, and the arrangement of the cells. The highest number of cells, their parallel orientation, and their elongated morphology were obtained in the longitudinal microchannel. It showed that this kind of microsystem can be used to understand processes in heart tissue in detail and to test newly developed compounds applied in the treatment of cardiac diseases.

scholarly journals Phytosterol supplementation reduces metabolic activity and slows cell growth in cultured rat cardiomyocytes

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 540-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Danesi ◽  
Federico Ferioli ◽  
Maria Fiorenza Caboni ◽  
Elisa Boschetti ◽  
Mattia Di Nunzio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Cardiac Cells ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Cholesterol Lowering ◽  
Rat Cardiomyocytes ◽  
Slowing Down

Besides being cholesterol-lowering agents, phytosterols (PS) can inhibit the growth and development of tumours. The anti-neoplastic activity is accounted for by PS incorporation into cell membranes, resulting in the interference of membrane functionality. The similarity between the PS cholesterol-lowering and anti-neoplastic effective doses deserves attention on the possible adverse effects even in non-neoplastic cells. To date, few studies have addressed the clarification of this important issue. In the present study, we supplemented primary, non-neoplastic neonatal rat cardiomyocytes with two different PS concentrations (3 or 6 μg/ml), both within the range of human plasma concentration. Cardiac cells were chosen as an experimental model since the heart has been reported as the target organ for subchronic toxicity of PS. Following supplementation, a dose-dependent incorporation of PS and a decrease in cholesterol content were clearly evidenced. PS did not induce apoptosis but caused a reduction in metabolic activity (measured as 3-(4,5-dimethyldiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) conversion) and a slowing down of cell growth. The lower MTT conversion and the similar lactate dehydrogenase release could suggest that PS more efficiently target mitochondria than plasma membrane integrity. The replacement of cholesterol by PS could also have caused the observed slowing down of cell growth and the reduction in metabolic activity, which could rely on the PS increase, cholesterol decrease, or both. The present study is the first report on the effect of PS in cardiac cells, and although it is difficult to translate the obtained results to the health of heart tissue, it raises concerns about the safety of long-term exposure to physiologically relevant PS concentrations.

On the benefit of magnetic magnesium nanocarrier in cardiovascular toxicity of aluminum phosphide

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Baeeri ◽  
Marjan Shariatpanahi ◽  
Amir Baghaei ◽  
Seyedeh Farnaz Ghasemi-Niri ◽  
Hamidreza Mohammadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Cardiac Cells ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Aluminum Phosphide ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Effective Combination ◽  
Study Support

The present study was designed to determine the effect of a new 25Mg2+-carrying nanoparticle (25MgPMC16) on energy depletion, oxidative stress, and electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters on heart tissue of the rats poisoned by aluminum phosphide (AlP). 25MgPMC16 at doses of 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1 median lethal dose (LD50 = 896 mg/kg) was administered intravenously (iv) 30 min after a single intragastric administration of AlP (0.25 LD50). Sodium bicarbonate (Bicarb; 2 mEq/kg, iv) was used as the standard therapy. After anesthesia, the animals were rapidly connected to an electronic cardiovascular monitoring device for monitoring of ECG, blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR). Later lipid peroxidation, antioxidant power, ATP/ADP ratio, and Mg concentration in the heart were evaluated. Results indicated that after AlP administration, BP and HR decreased while R-R duration increased. 25MgPMC16 significantly increased the BP and HR at all doses used. We found a considerable increase in antioxidant power, Mg level in the plasma and the heart and a reduction in lipid peroxidation and ADP/ATP ratio at various doses of 25MgPMC16, but 25MgPMC16-0.025 + Bicarb was the most effective combination therapy. The results of this study support that 25MgPMC16 can increase heart energy by active transport of Mg inside the cardiac cells.25MgPMC16 seems ameliorating AlP-induced toxicity and cardiac failure necessitating further studies.

scholarly journals Transit and integration of extracellular mitochondria in human heart cells

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas B. Cowan ◽  
Rouan Yao ◽  
Jerusha K. Thedsanamoorthy ◽  
David Zurakowski ◽  
Pedro J. del Nido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contractile Function ◽  
Cardiac Fibroblasts ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Cardiac Cells ◽  
Heart Cells ◽  
Tissue Ischemia ◽  
Isolated Mitochondria ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Tissue ischemia adversely affects the function of mitochondria, which results in impairment of oxidative phosphorylation and compromised recovery of the affected organ. The impact of ischemia on mitochondrial function has been most extensively studied in the heart because of the morbidity and mortality associated with injury to this organ. Because conventional methods to preserve cell viability and function following an ischemic injury are limited in their efficacy, we developed a unique approach to protect the heart by transplanting respiration-competent mitochondria isolated from a non-ischemic tissue to the ischemic region. Our experiments in animals have shown that transplantation of isolated mitochondria to injured heart tissue leads to decreases in cell death, increases in energy production, and improvements in contractile function. We also discovered that exogenously-derived mitochondria injected or perfused into ischemic hearts were readily internalized by cardiac cells through actin-dependent endocytosis. Here, we describe the use of three-dimensional super-resolution microscopy and transmission electron microscopy to determine the intracellular fate of exogenous mitochondria in non-dividing human iPS-derived cardiomyocytes and dividing primary human cardiac fibroblasts. We show isolated mitochondria are internalised in human cardiac cells within minutes and then transported to endosomes and lysosomes. The majority of exogenous mitochondria escape from these compartments and fuse with the endogenous mitochondrial network, while some organelles are degraded through hydrolysis. Understanding this process may guide the development of treatments directed at replacing or augmenting impaired mitochondria in ischemic tissues and provide new options to rejuvenate dysfunctional mitochondria in a wide range of human diseases and disorders.

scholarly journals Investigation of the formation of cardiac tissue on substrates of varying degrees of anisotropy and rigidity

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Shcherbina ◽  
A. V. Shutko ◽  
A. A. Nizamieva ◽  
A. V. Nikitina ◽  
M. M. Slotvitsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Cardiac Cells ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

In the last decade, in vitro experiments have shown that mechanical properties of the bases could markedly influence the efficacy of differentiation of the induced pluripotent and embryonic stem cells and their development into the mature phenotype. By changing of mechanical, elastic and structural characteristics of the base, it is possible to increase the percentage of stem cells that differentiate to cardiomyocytes.The study was aimed at evaluation of the effects induced by changing physical characteristics of the base on the formation of phenotypic characteristics of cardiac cells. This included the comparison of structural properties of the cultured layer of heart tissue obtained by changing of elasticity and structure of polymeric bases. The results showed significant differences in calcium activity and structural characteristics of cardiomyocytes depending on the base properties, as well as significant variation in the excitation conduction. As long as conduction abnormalities in the heart tissues can often lead to occurrence of life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias, the results can be used to determine patient groups at increased risk of death from heart failure.

scholarly journals Arrhythmogenesis as the failure of repolarization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stewart Heitmann ◽  
Jamie I Vandenberg ◽  
Adam P Hill
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Cardiac Cells ◽  
Excitable Media ◽  
Alternative Mechanism ◽  
Normal Heart ◽  
Cardiac Fibrillation ◽  
Abnormal Cells ◽  
The Impact

AbstractContemporary theories of cardiac fibrillation typically rely on the emergence of rotors to explain the transition from regular sinus rhythm to disordered electrophysiological activity. How those rotors spontaneously arise in the absence of re-entrant anatomical circuits is not fully understood. Here we propose a novel mechanism where arrhythmias are initiated by cardiac cells that fail to repolarize following a normal heartbeat. Those cells subsequently act as a focal ectopic source that drive the ensuing fibrillation. We used a simple computational model to investigate the impact of such cells in both homogeneous and heterogeneous excitable media. We found that heterogeneous media can tolerate a surprisingly large number of abnormal cells and still support normal rhythmic activity. At a critical limit the medium becomes chronically arrhythmogenic. Numerical analysis revealed that the critical threshold for arrhythmogenesis depends on both the strength of the coupling between cells and the extent to which the abnormal cells resist repolarization. Arrhythmogenesis was also found to emerge first at tissue boundaries where cells naturally have fewer neighbors to influence their behavior. These findings may explain why atrial fibrillation typically originates from the cuff of the pulmonary vein.Author summaryCardiac fibrillation is a medical condition where normal heart function is compromised as electrical activity becomes disordered. How fibrillation arises spontaneously is not fully understood. It is generally thought to be triggered by premature depolarization of the cardiac action potential in one or more cells. Those premature beats, known as early-afterdepolarizations, subsequently initiate a self-sustaining rotor in the otherwise normal heart tissue. In this study, we propose an alternative mechanism whereby arrhythmias are initiated by cardiac cells that fail to repolarize of their own accord but still operate normally when embedded in functional heart tissue. We find that such cells can act as focal ectopic sources under appropriate conditions of inter-cellular coupling. Moreover, cells on natural tissue boundaries are more susceptible to arrhythmia because they are coupled to fewer cells. This may explain why the pulmonary vein is often implicated as a source of atrial fibrillation.

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