Exogenous sex hormone exposure and the risk for VACTERL association

Teratology ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward J. Lammer ◽  
Jose F. Cordero ◽  
Muin J. Khoury
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Vacterl Association ◽  
Hormone Exposure

scholarly journals Sex hormone exposure and reproductive factors in pulmonary arterial hypertension: a case–control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 204589402090878
Author(s):  
Jessica B. Badlam ◽  
David Badesch ◽  
Evan Brittain ◽  
Shannon Cordell ◽  
Tan Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Reproductive Factors ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Hormone Exposure ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Control Study

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a sexually dimorphic disease that for unknown reasons affects women more than men. The role of estrogens, both endogenous and exogenous, and reproductive factors in this female susceptibility is still poorly understood. It has been strongly suggested that sex hormones may influence the development and progression of the disease. We sought to determine whether sex hormone exposures and reproductive factors associate with PAH patients compared to control subjects, using a questionnaire and interview to obtain information regarding these potential risk factors. We conducted a single-center unmatched case–control study. Six hundred and thirty-four women and men with PAH, as well as 27 subjects with BMPR2 mutations but no PAH and 132 healthy population controls were enrolled from the Vanderbilt Pulmonary Hypertension Research Cohort and researchmatch.org. Questionnaires and nurse-led interviews were conducted to obtain information regarding sex hormone exposures and reproductive factors. Additional history was obtained on enrolled patients including disease severity variables and comorbidities. Responses to the questionnaires were analyzed to describe these exposures in this population as well as assess the association between disease severity variables and sex hormone exposures. Reproductive and endogenous factors that determine lifelong estrogen exposure were similar between PAH cases and controls. Patients with associated PAH were significantly more likely to be postmenopausal compared to controls. There were similar rates of “ever-use” and duration of use of oral contraceptive pills and hormone replacement therapy in patients when compared to controls. Disease severity variables were not significantly affected by any exposure after adjusting for PAH sub-group. In contrast to our hypothesis, that a greater exposure to exogenous sources of female sex hormones associates with PAH case status, we found similar rates of endogenous and exogenous sex hormone exposure between PAH patients and unmatched controls.

Prenatal Sex Hormone Exposure and Risk of Alzheimer Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matei Vladeanu ◽  
Orazio Giuffrida ◽  
Victoria J. Bourne
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Hormone Exposure

scholarly journals SUN-036 Evaluation of Gender Experience Among Individuals with Isolated GnRH Deficiency Compared to Controls

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Persky ◽  
Joan C Han ◽  
Anna Neyman ◽  
Reuben D Rohn ◽  
Ravikumar Balasubramanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Identity Development ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hormone Exposure ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background: Sex hormones play a role in gender identity development. For example, 46,XY individuals with complete androgen insensitivity typically have a female gender identity. Isolated GnRH deficiency (IGD) leads to hypogonadism due to decreased GnRH-induced gonadotropin production. It is unknown if decreased sex hormone exposure leads to differences in gender identity among individuals with IGD compared with the general population. Our objective was to determine if the gender identity in subjects with IGD differs from controls. Methods: We distributed a validated questionnaire; the Gender Identity/Gender Dysphoria Questionnaire for Adults and Adolescents (GIDYQ-AA) (1), to IGD participants who previously enrolled in a phenotyping study. Subjects also provided their age, sex assigned at birth (SAAB), gender and information about their condition and treatment. Group survey scores are expressed as mean ± SD. IGD subject scores were compared with control data (Student’s t-test) obtained from a validation study for the GIDYQ-AA (2). Results: Out of 79 subjects who were contacted, 8 males (M) assigned at birth and 7 females (F) assigned at birth chose to participate and one person actively declined. Average age was 30 y for F and 28 y for M. At the time of the study, all subjects were on hormone supplementation except for one F. A score of 5 indicates a gender identity congruent with SAAB. Among F, mean scaled IGD score was 4.73 ± 0.29 vs. controls (4.8 ± 0.28, n=57; not significant (ns)), and for M it was 4.62 ± 0.52 vs. controls (4.82 ± 0.24, n=37; ns). One female identified as “non-gendered”, one male identified as “intersex/DSD” (14% of respondents), one female did not respond and gender was congruent with SAAB in the remainder. The lowest mean score for an individual question for the IGD F group was in response to whether they felt satisfied being a woman and for the IGD M group, it was in response to whether they felt they were a real man. Conclusions: Men and women with IGD did not show a significant difference in their gender identity compared with controls, and gender was found to be congruent with SAAB for the majority. However, the individual question responses and the self-described gender in this small cohort may suggest that there are differences in how some individuals with IGD experience their gender development. We speculate that this may be related to how they perceive the differences in physical development that they experienced related to their condition. Larger studies in participants with IGD and other disorders that alter sex hormone production/effect are necessary to further understand the relationship between decreased sex hormone exposure during critical developmental periods and gender identity development. References: (1) Deogracias, J.J, et al. J. Sex Res., 2007, 44:4, 370–379 (2) Singh, D. et al. J. Sex Res. 2010, 47:1, 49–58

scholarly journals Digit ratio (2D:4D) and Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH): Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth Richards ◽  
Wendy V. Browne ◽  
Ezra Aydin ◽  
Mihaela Constantinescu ◽  
Gideon Nave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Adrenal Androgen ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Digit Ratios ◽  
Hormone Exposure ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe ratio of length between the second and fourth fingers (2D:4D) is commonly used as an indicator of prenatal sex hormone exposure. Several approaches have been used to try to validate the measure, including examining 2D:4D in people with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), a suite of conditions characterised by elevated adrenal androgen production secondary to defective steroidogenesis. We present here a systematic review that examines the relationship between these two variables. Twelve articles relating to nine CAH cohorts were identified, and 2D:4D comparisons have been made between cases and controls in eight of these cohorts. Altogether, at least one 2D:4D variable has been compared between n=251 females with CAH and n=358 unaffected females, and between n=108 males with CAH and n=204 unaffected males. A previous meta-analysis (Hönekopp & Watson, 2010) reported lower right hand (R2D:4D) and left hand (L2D:4D) digit ratios in patients with CAH relative to sex-matched controls. Our meta-analysis showed the same direction of results; however, the effects were only statistically significant for R2D:4D in males and L2D:4D in females (R2D:4D: females, p = 0.072, g = 0.591; males, p = 0.019, g = 0.513; L2D:4D: females, p = 0.020, g = 0.245; males, p = 0.334, g = 0.218), and the average effect size had reduced by 46.70%. We also found no evidence to suggest the right-left difference in 2D:4D (D[R-L]) is associated with prenatal sex hormone exposure.

scholarly journals Women's brain aging: Effects of sex‐hormone exposure, pregnancies, and genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (18) ◽  
pp. 5141-5150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann‐Marie G. Lange ◽  
Claudia Barth ◽  
Tobias Kaufmann ◽  
Ivan I. Maximov ◽  
Dennis Meer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Hormone Exposure

Endogenous sex hormone exposure and repetitive element DNA methylation in healthy postmenopausal women

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1369-1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devon J. Boyne ◽  
Christine M. Friedenreich ◽  
John B. McIntyre ◽  
Frank Z. Stanczyk ◽  
Kerry S. Courneya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Repetitive Element ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Hormone Exposure

Exogenous Sex Hormone Exposure and the Risk for Major Malformations

1987 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-50
Author(s):  
EDWARD J. LAMMER ◽  
JOSE F. CORDERO
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Hormone Exposure

scholarly journals Women’s brain aging: effects of sex-hormone exposure, pregnancies, and genetic risk for Alzheimer’s disease

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Marie G. de Lange ◽  
Claudia Barth ◽  
Tobias Kaufmann ◽  
Ivan I. Maximov ◽  
Dennis van der Meer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Hormone Exposure

AbstractSex hormones such as estrogen fluctuate across the female lifespan, with high levels during reproductive years and natural decline during the transition to menopause. Women’s exposure to estrogen may influence their heightened risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) relative to men, but little is known about how it affects normal brain aging. Recent findings from the UK Biobank demonstrate less apparent brain aging in women with a history of multiple childbirths, highlighting a potential link between sex-hormone exposure and brain aging. We investigated endogenous and exogenous sex-hormone exposure, genetic risk for AD, and neuroimaging-derived biomarkers for brain aging in 16,854 middle to older-aged women. The results showed that as opposed to parity, higher cumulative sex-hormone exposure was associated with more evident brain aging, indicating that i) high levels of cumulative exposure to sex-hormones may have adverse effects on the brain, and ii) beneficial effects of pregnancies on the female brain are not solely attributable to modulations in sex-hormone exposure. In addition, for women using hormonal replacement therapy (HRT), starting treatment earlier was associated with less evident brain aging, but only in women with a genetic risk for AD. Genetic factors may thus contribute to how timing of HRT initiation influences women’s brain aging trajectories.

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