An introduction to population genetic theory. By J. F. Crow and M. Kimura. Harper and Row, New York. 656 pp. 1970

Teratology ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex S. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Genetic Theory

Population Genetic Theory of the Cost of Inbreeding

1984 ◽  
Vol 123 (5) ◽  
pp. 642-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Feldman ◽  
Freddy B. Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetic ◽  
Genetic Theory ◽  
The Cost

scholarly journals Using Population Genetic Theory and DNA Sequences for Species Detection and Identification in Asexual Organisms

PLoS ONE ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. e10609 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. William Birky ◽  
Joshua Adams ◽  
Marlea Gemmel ◽  
Julia Perry
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Genetic Theory ◽  
Species Detection ◽  
Detection And Identification

Species concepts: a contrast of viewpoints

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-301
Author(s):  
Günter Gollmann
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetic ◽  
Species Concepts ◽  
Phylogenetic Species ◽  
Genetic Theory ◽  
Pattern And Process ◽  
Genealogical Concordance ◽  
Evolutionary Genetic

AbstractSome fundamental contrasts underlying the disputes about species concepts are outlined: nominalistic versus essentialistic viewpoints, relations of pattern and process, and incongruities of population genetic, ecological, and phylogenetic approaches. The biological, evolutionary and phylogenetic species concepts are briefly characterized. Attention is drawn to the cohesion concept of species and to genealogical concordance principles, which attempt to integrate elements of those concepts with advances in population biological and evolutionary genetic theory.

scholarly journals Sperm should evolve to make female meiosis fair.

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaniv Brandvain ◽  
Graham Coop
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetic ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Meiotic Drive ◽  
Female Meiosis ◽  
Genetic Theory ◽  
Evolutionary Advantage ◽  
The Face ◽  
Perceived Danger ◽  
Organismal Fitness

Genomic conflicts arise when an allele gains an evolutionary advantage at a cost to organismal fitness. Oogenesis is inherently susceptible to such conflicts because alleles compete for inclusion into the egg. Alleles that distort meiosis in their favor (i.e. meiotic drivers) often decrease organismal fitness, and therefore indirectly favor the evolution of mechanisms to suppress meiotic drive. In this light, many facets of oogenesis and gametogenesis have been interpreted as mechanisms of protection against genomic outlaws. That females of many animal species do not complete meiosis until after fertilization, appears to run counter to this interpretation, because this delay provides an opportunity for sperm-acting alleles to meddle with the outcome of female meiosis and help like alleles drive in heterozygous females. Contrary to this perceived danger, the population genetic theory presented herein suggests that, in fact, sperm nearly always evolve to increase the fairness of female meiosis in the face of genomic conflicts. These results are consistent with the apparent sperm dependence of the best characterized female meiotic drivers in animals. Rather than providing an opportunity for sperm collaboration in female meiotic drive, the 'fertilization requirement' indirectly protects females from meiotic drivers by providing sperm an opportunity to suppress drive.

scholarly journals Weak epistasis may drive adaptation in recombining bacteria

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J Arnold ◽  
Michael Gutmann ◽  
Yonatan Grad ◽  
Sam K Sheppard ◽  
Jukka Corander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Homologous Recombination ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Metapopulation Dynamics ◽  
Genetic Theory ◽  
Multilocus Model ◽  
Heritable Effects ◽  
The Impact

The impact of epistasis on the evolution of multilocus traits depends on recombination. Population genetic theory has been largely developed for eukaryotes, many of which recombine so frequently that epistasis between polymorphisms has not been considered to play a large role in adaptation and has been compared to the fleeting influence of non-heritable effects. Many bacteria also recombine, some to the degree that their populations are described as 'panmictic' or 'freely recombining'. However, whether this recombination is sufficient to limit the ability of selection to act on epistatic contributions to fitness is unknown. We create a sensitive method to quantify homologous recombination in five bacterial pathogens and use these parameter estimates in a multilocus model of bacterial evolution with additive and epistatic effects. We find that even for highly recombining species (e.g. Streptococcus pneumoniae or Helicobacter pylori), selection may act on the cumulative effects of weak (as well as strong) interactions between distant mutations since homologous recombination typically transfers only short segments. Furthermore, whether selection acts more efficiently on physically proximal loci depends on the average recombination tract length. Epistasis may thus play an important role in the adaptive evolution of bacteria and, unlike in eukaryotes, does not need to be strong, involve near loci, or require specific metapopulation dynamics.

scholarly journals KoT: an automatic implementation of the K/θ method for species delimitation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yann Spöri ◽  
Fabio Stoch ◽  
Simon Dellicour ◽  
C. William Birky ◽  
Jean-François Flot
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Fasta File ◽  
Genetic Theory ◽  
Putative Species ◽  
The Impact

K/θ is a method to delineate species that rests on the calculation of the ratio between the average distance K separating two putative species-level clades and the genetic diversity θ of these clades. Although this method is explicitly rooted in population genetic theory, it was never benchmarked due to the absence of a program allowing automated analyses. For the same reason, its application by hand was limited to small datasets of a few tens of sequences. We present an automatic implementation of the K/θ method, dubbed KoT (short for "K over Theta"), that takes as input a FASTA file, builds a neighbour-joining tree, and returns putative species boundaries based on a user-specified K/θ threshold. This automatic implementation avoids errors and makes it possible to apply the method to datasets comprising many sequences, as well as to test easily the impact of choosing different K/θ threshold ratios. KoT is implemented in Haxe, with a javascript webserver interface freely available at https://eeg-ebe.github.io/KoT/ .

Application of Population Genetic Theory and Simulation Models to Efficiently Pyramid Multiple Genes via Marker-Assisted Selection

Crop Science ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 582-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiankang Wang ◽  
Scott C. Chapman ◽  
David G. Bonnett ◽  
Greg J. Rebetzke ◽  
Jonathan Crouch
Keyword(s):  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Genetic Theory ◽  
Multiple Genes

scholarly journals The Population Genetic Theory of Hidden Variation and Genetic Robustness

Genetics ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 168 (4) ◽  
pp. 2271-2284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Hermisson ◽  
Günter P. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetic ◽  
Genetic Theory ◽  
Genetic Robustness ◽  
Hidden Variation

scholarly journals Endosymbiosis and its implications for evolutionary theory

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (33) ◽  
pp. 10270-10277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen A. O’Malley
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Evolutionary Explanation ◽  
Genetic Theory ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Explanatory Account ◽  
Lynn Margulis ◽  
History Of

Historically, conceptualizations of symbiosis and endosymbiosis have been pitted against Darwinian or neo-Darwinian evolutionary theory. In more recent times, Lynn Margulis has argued vigorously along these lines. However, there are only shallow grounds for finding Darwinian concepts or population genetic theory incompatible with endosymbiosis. But is population genetics sufficiently explanatory of endosymbiosis and its role in evolution? Population genetics “follows” genes, is replication-centric, and is concerned with vertically consistent genetic lineages. It may also have explanatory limitations with regard to macroevolution. Even so, asking whether population genetics explains endosymbiosis may have the question the wrong way around. We should instead be asking how explanatory of evolution endosymbiosis is, and exactly which features of evolution it might be explaining. This paper will discuss how metabolic innovations associated with endosymbioses can drive evolution and thus provide an explanatory account of important episodes in the history of life. Metabolic explanations are both proximate and ultimate, in the same way genetic explanations are. Endosymbioses, therefore, point evolutionary biology toward an important dimension of evolutionary explanation.

scholarly journals Population Structure of Seedborne Phaeosphaeria nodorum on New York Wheat

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca S. Bennett ◽  
Michael G. Milgroom ◽  
Gary C. Bergstrom
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Random Mating ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Unique Haplotype ◽  
Primary Inoculum ◽  
Phaeosphaeria Nodorum ◽  
Seedborne Inoculum ◽  
Two Populations

Population genetic and epidemiological studies have resulted in different hypotheses about the predominant source of primary inoculum in the Phaeosphaeria nodorum-wheat pathosystem (i.e., sexually derived, windborne ascospores versus asexual or seedborne inoculum). We examined the genetic structure of seedborne populations of P. nodorum as a further step toward evaluating the hypothesis that seedborne inoculum is an important contributor to foliar epidemics in New York's rotational wheat fields. In all, 330 seedborne isolates from seven field populations were genotyped at 155 amplified fragment length polymorphism loci. Seedborne populations possessed high levels of genotypic diversity, with virtually every isolate (326/330) having a unique haplotype. As in previous population genetic studies of P. nodorum, we found low levels of gametic disequilibrium, although we could reject the null hypothesis of random mating with the index of association test for two populations. Thus, genotypically diverse and seemingly panmictic populations of P. nodorum that have been observed in wheat foliage could be derived from seedborne primary inoculum. Although sexual reproduction and recombination may contribute to the diversity of foliar populations of P. nodorum, population genetic data do not rule out seed as a source of primary inoculum. Further experimentation will be needed to determine definitively the relative importance of windborne ascospores and seed-borne asexual inoculum in epidemics of Stagonospora nodorum blotch in New York.

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