Chronic immobilization stress primes the hippocampal opioid system for oxycodone‐associated learning in female but not male rats

Synapse ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. e22088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Batsheva Reich ◽  
Yan Zhou ◽  
Ellen Goldstein ◽  
Sudarshan S. Srivats ◽  
Natalina H. Contoreggi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immobilization Stress ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Opioid System ◽  
Chronic Immobilization Stress

Chronic immobilization stress induces anxiety-related behaviors and affects brain essential minerals in male rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Zafer Sahin ◽  
Alpaslan Ozkurkculer ◽  
Omer Faruk Kalkan ◽  
Ahmet Ozkaya ◽  
Aynur Koc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immobilization Stress ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Center Area ◽  
Chronic Immobilization Stress

Abstract. Alterations of essential elements in the brain are associated with the pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders. It is known that chronic/overwhelming stress may cause some anxiety and/or depression. We aimed to investigate the effects of two different chronic immobilization stress protocols on anxiety-related behaviors and brain minerals. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups as follows ( n = 10/group): control, immobilization stress-1 (45 minutes daily for 7-day) and immobilization stress-2 (45 minutes twice a day for 7-day). Stress-related behaviors were evaluated by open field test and forced swimming test. In the immobilization stress-1 and immobilization stress-2 groups, percentage of time spent in the central area (6.38 ± 0.41% and 6.28 ± 1.03% respectively, p < 0.05) and rearing frequency (2.75 ± 0.41 and 3.85 ± 0.46, p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively) were lower, latency to center area (49.11 ± 5.87 s and 44.92 ± 8.04 s, p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively), were higher than the control group (8.65 ± 0.49%, 5.37 ± 0.44 and 15.3 ± 3.32 s, respectively). In the immobilization stress-1 group, zinc (12.65 ± 0.1 ppm, p < 0.001), magnesium (170.4 ± 1.7 ppm, p < 0.005) and phosphate (2.76 ± 0.1 ppm, p < 0.05) levels were lower than the control group (13.87 ± 0.16 ppm, 179.31 ± 1.87 ppm and 3.11 ± 0.06 ppm, respectively). In the immobilization stress-2 group, magnesium (171.56 ± 1.87 ppm, p < 0.05), phosphate (2.44 ± 0.07 ppm, p < 0.001) levels were lower, and manganese (373.68 ± 5.76 ppb, p < 0.001) and copper (2.79 ± 0.15 ppm, p < 0.05) levels were higher than the control group (179.31 ± 1.87 ppm, 3.11 ± 0.06 ppm, 327.25 ± 8.35 ppb and 2.45 ± 0.05 ppm, respectively). Our results indicated that 7-day chronic immobilization stress increased anxiety-related behaviors in both stress groups. Zinc, magnesium, phosphate, copper and manganese levels were affected in the brain.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Resveratrol against Chronic Immobilization Stress on Testis

ISRN Urology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulsah Bitgul ◽  
Isil Tekmen ◽  
Didem Keles ◽  
Gulgun Oktay
Keyword(s):  
Immobilization Stress ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Stress Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Stress Application ◽  
Chronic Immobilization Stress

Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate protective effects of resveratrol, a strong antioxidant, against possible negative effects of chronic immobilization stress on testes of male rats histochemically, immunohistochemically, ultrastructurally, and biochemically. Material and Methods. Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (n=7). Group I, control group (C), was not exposed to stress. Group II, stress group (S), was exposed to chronic immobilization stress. In Group III, low dose resveratrol + stress group (LRS), rats were given 10 mg/kg/day resveratrol just before the stress application. In Group IV, high dose resveratrol + stress group (HRS), rats were given 20 mg/kg/day resveratrol just before the stress application. For chronic immobilization stress application animals were put in the plastic tubes (6 cm in diameter, 15 cm in length) during 32 days for 6 hours. All animals were sacrificed 18 hours after the last stress application. Results. Histochemical and ultrastructural investigations showed that in stress group there was germ cell deprivation in seminiferous tubules and increase of connective tissue on interstitial area. No significant changes were seen in low and high dose resveratrol groups. After immunohistochemical investigations, TUNEL (+) and Active Caspase-3 (+) cells were increased in seminiferous tubules of stress group compared with those control group, but they were decreased in low and high dose resveratrol groups. According to biochemically results, MDA, GSH, and testosterone levels in stress group showed no significant difference when compared with those of the other groups. Conclusion. The chronic immobilization stress increases oxidative stress and apoptosis and causes histological tissue damages; resveratrol can minimize the histological damage in testes significantly.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Metabolic Responses to Chronic Immobilization Stress in Rats

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I M Bahaaeldein ◽  
D A Aboubakr ◽  
N N Lasheen ◽  
N B E Soliman ◽  
M A Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Immobilization Stress ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Stressed Female ◽  
Glucose Output ◽  
Chronic Immobilization Stress

Abstract Background Responses to stress could range from homeostatic variations to life-threatening effects depending on the type, timing and severity of the applied stimulus. Gender is accompanied by variations in oxidative stress, which causes the development of metabolic diseases. Under physiological conditions, females were found to be less susceptible to oxidative stress. Aim of work: This study was conducted to highlight the sex differences in the metabolic responses to chronic immobilization stress in rats, and to elucidate the possible underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods Forty adult Wistar rats of both sexes; were randomly divided into 2 main groups: control group and stressed group, each of which was further subdivided into male and female groups. Stressed groups were exposed to chronic immobilization for 4 weeks. All rats were subjected to determination of body mass index, visceral fat weight, absolute and relative weights of liver and pancreas, plasma glucose, glucose uptake by diaphragm, glucose output by kidneys, lipid profile and plasma levels of insulin, leptin and sex hormones, malodialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and nitrite. HOMA-B and HOMA-IR were calculated. Also, caspase 3 was assessed in pancreas by immunohistochemistry. Results Stressed male rats showed lower BMI, higher relative liver weight, dyslipidemia, fasting hyperglycemia, higher glucose output by kidneys, lower glucose uptake by diaphragm, HOMA-B and plasma levels of insulin, testosterone and TAC and higher plasma estrogen and MDA levels compared to the control male group. Compared to the control female group, stressed female rate exhibited hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, higher plasma sex hormones. Compared to stressed male rats, stressed female group showed significantly higher BMI percentage change and plasma levels of TAC, estrogen and testosterone, but significantly lower absolute liver weight, glucose output by the kidneys, plasma levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides, and atherogenic index. Conclusion Chronic immobilization stress imposes greater hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic status in males than in females. The altered sex hormonal pattern and lowered antioxidant defences could be contributory mechanisms

Compounds from Ilex paraguariensis extracts have antioxidant effects in the brains of rats subjected to chronic immobilization stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 1172-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana C. Colpo ◽  
Maria Eduarda de Lima ◽  
Marisol Maya-López ◽  
Hemerson Rosa ◽  
Cristina Márquez-Curiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Immobilization Stress ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Species Formation ◽  
Lipid And Protein Oxidation ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Chronic Immobilization Stress

Immobilization induces oxidative damage to the brain. Ilex paraguariensis extracts (Mate) and their major natural compound, chlorogenic acid (CGA), exert protective effects against reactive oxygen species formation. Here, the effects of Mate and CGA on oxidative damage induced by chronic immobilization stress (CIS) in the cortex, hippocampus, and striatum were investigated. For CIS, animals were immobilized for 6 h every day for 21 consecutive days. Rats received Mate or CGA by intragastric gavage 30 min before every restraint session. Endpoints of oxidative stress (levels of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) forms of glutathione) were evaluated following CIS. While CIS increased oxidized lipid and carbonyl levels in all brain regions, CGA (and Mate to a lesser extent) attenuated lipid and protein oxidation as compared with control groups. GSH/GSSG balance showed a tendency to increase in all regions in response to stress and antioxidants. Taken together, our results support a protective role of dietary antioxidants against the neuronal consequences of stress.

Effect of different types of stressors on peptide messenger ribonucleic acids in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus

1993 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 485-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Ceccatelli ◽  
Catello Orazzo
Keyword(s):  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Immobilization Stress ◽  
Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Ribonucleic Acids ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Different Types

Using in situ hybridization we have studied the effects of different types of stressors, such as ether, immobilization, cold and swimming, on the expression of several peptide messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of adult male rats. Paraventricular nucleus sections were hybridized using synthetic oligonucleotide probes complementary to mRNA for corticotropin-releasing hormone, neurotensin, enkephalin and thyrotropin-releasing hormone. A clear upregulation of neurotensin mRNA was seen after ether and, to a lesser extent, after immobilization stress, whereas after the two other stressors neurotensin mRNA was undetectable, as in control rats. An increase in enkephalin mRNA was observed in a selective region of the dorsal part of the medioparvocellular subdivision of the paraventricular nucleus only after ether and immobilization stress. No significant changes were seen in corticotropin-releasing hormone and thyrotropin-releasing hormone mRNA levels in any of the experimental paradigms. The present results show selective changes for various peptide mRNAs in the paraventricular nucleus after various types of stress. Significant effects could be demonstrated only on neurotensin and enkephalin mRNA after ether and immobilization stress. This suggests that adaptive changes in the rate of synthesis, processing and transport of the peptide may develop over a longer period of time.

Neurogenesis inhibition in the dorsal vagal complex by chronic immobilization stress in the adult rat

Neuroscience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 158 (2) ◽  
pp. 524-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Chigr ◽  
F. Rachidi ◽  
S. Segura ◽  
S. Mahaut ◽  
C. Tardivel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immobilization Stress ◽  
Dorsal Vagal Complex ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Chronic Immobilization Stress
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