scholarly journals Early exposure to haloperidol or olanzapine induces long-term alterations of dendritic form

Synapse ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas O. Frost ◽  
Stephanie Cerceo Page ◽  
Cathy Carroll ◽  
Bryan Kolb
Keyword(s):  
Early Exposure ◽  
Dendritic Form

Long-term Effects of Early Exposure to Stress, Pain, Opioids and Anaesthetics on Pain Sensitivity and Neurocognition

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (38) ◽  
pp. 5879-5886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerbrich E. van den Bosch ◽  
Monique van Dijk ◽  
Dick Tibboel ◽  
Jurgen C. de Graaff
Keyword(s):  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Early Exposure ◽  
Long Term Effects

scholarly journals Long-term effects from early exposure to research: Evidence from the NIH “Yellow Berets”

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 104332
Author(s):  
Pierre Azoulay ◽  
Wesley H. Greenblatt ◽  
Misty L. Heggeness
Keyword(s):  
Research Evidence ◽  
Early Exposure ◽  
Long Term Effects

scholarly journals The Persistent Effects of Initial Labor Market Conditions for Young Adults and Their Sources

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 168-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Till von Wachter
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Early Exposure ◽  
Labor Market Conditions ◽  
Risky Alcohol ◽  
Labor Market Entry ◽  
Risky Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Age Patterns

Unlucky young workers entering the labor market in recessions suffer a range of medium-to long-term consequences. This paper summarizes the findings of the growing empirical literature on this subject and uses it to assess economic models of career development. The literature finds large initial effects on earnings, labor supply, and wages that tend to fade after ten to fifteen years in the labor market, and that are accompanied by changes in occupation, job mobility, and employer characteristics. Adverse initial labor market entry also has persistent effects on a range of social outcomes, including timing and completed fertility, marriage and divorce, criminal activities, attitudes, and risky alcohol consumption. There is also evidence that early exposure to depressed labor market lowers health and raises mortality in middle age, patterns accompanied by a reopening of earnings gaps.

scholarly journals Language in Preterm Born Children: Atypical Development and Effects of Early Interventions on Neuroplasticity

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Vandormael ◽  
Lucie Schoenhals ◽  
Petra S. Hüppi ◽  
Manuela Filippa ◽  
Cristina Borradori Tolsa
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Early Exposure ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Atypical Development ◽  
Preterm Born ◽  
And Behavior

Predicting language performances after preterm birth is challenging. It is described in the literature that early exposure to the extrauterine environment can be either detrimental or advantageous for neurodevelopment. However, the emphasis mostly lies on the fact that preterm birth may have an unfavorable effect on numerous aspects of development such as cognition, language, and behavior. Various studies reported atypical language development in preterm born children in the preschool years but also in school-aged children and adolescents. This review gives an overview of the course of language development and examines how prematurity can lead to atypical linguistic performances. In this paper, we mainly focus on environmental and neurophysiological factors influencing preterm infant neuroplasticity with potential short- and long-term effects on language development. Further research, however, should focus on examining the possible benefits that early exposure might entail.

Emergency medicine: what keeps me, what might lose me? A narrative study of consultant views in Wales

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 436-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ffion James ◽  
Frances Gerrard
Keyword(s):  
Role Models ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Narrative Approach ◽  
Junior Doctors ◽  
Early Exposure ◽  
Narrative Study ◽  
Flexible Working ◽  
Semistructured Interviews

EDs are currently under intense pressure due to increased patient demand. There are major issues with retention of senior personnel, making the specialty a less attractive choice for junior doctors. This study aims to explore what attracted EM consultants to their career and keeps them there. It is hoped this can inform recruitment strategies to increase the popularity of EM to medical students and junior doctors, many of whom have very limited EM exposure.MethodsSemistructured interviews were conducted with 10 consultants from Welsh EDs using a narrative approach.ResultsThree main themes emerged that influenced the career choice of the consultants interviewed: (1) early exposure to positive EM role models; (2) non-hierarchical team structure; (3) suitability of EM for flexible working. The main reason for consultants leaving was the pressure of work impacting on patient care.ConclusionThe study findings suggest that EM consultants in post are positive about their careers despite the high volume of consultant attrition. This study reinforces the need for dedicated undergraduate EM placements to stimulate interest and encourage medical student EM aspirations. Consultants identified that improving the physical working environment, including organisation, would increase their effectiveness and the attractiveness of EM as a long-term career.

scholarly journals Long-term alterations of striatal parvalbumin interneurons in a rat model of early exposure to alcohol

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea De Giorgio ◽  
Sara E Comparini ◽  
Francesca Sangiuliano Intra ◽  
Alberto Granato
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Early Exposure ◽  
Parvalbumin Interneurons

Fall asleep or freeze? In home settings, extreme low and high levels of ambient noise associate with reductions in infants’ spontaneous movement.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Wass
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Early Exposure ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Spontaneous Movement ◽  
High Sound ◽  
Detailed Picture ◽  
Sound Data

Early exposure to noisy, chaotic home environments is associated with increased physiological stress and adverse long-term cognitive and clinical outcomes. However, this research has generally used questionnaires to measure average household noise, despite that stress is, by definition, a dynamic, compensatory mechanism – thus obscuring the detailed picture of how we are dynamically influenced by, and compensate for, stressors in our environment. Here, we used miniaturised microphones and autonomic monitors to measure noise and infants’ spontaneous movement at home. We observed an inverse-U-shaped relationship, such that less movement was observed at extreme low and high ambient noise levels. This relationship was observed across multiple settings and time scales; however, when we removed the autocorrelation (i.e. slow-varying fluctuation) from the sound data, it disappeared and only a linear relationship (higher movement associated with higher sound) was observed. This indicates that the effect of reduced movement at extreme high sound is driven by sustained episodes of high sound. This effect may be caused by temporary fatigue, or by children actively down-regulating their movement levels to compensate for highly arousing situations - analogous to a newborn closing their eyes when over-stimulated. Implications of these findings for understanding how noisy/chaotic environments affect development are discussed.

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