scholarly journals Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition-Derived Cells Exhibit Multilineage Differentiation Potential Similar to Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Stem Cells ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1435-1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkata Lokesh Battula ◽  
Kurt William Evans ◽  
Brett George Hollier ◽  
Yuexi Shi ◽  
Frank C. Marini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Multilineage Differentiation ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition

scholarly journals A Role of Tumor-Released Exosomes in Paracrine Dissemination and Metastasis

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 3968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Spugnini ◽  
Mariantonia Logozzi ◽  
Rossella Di Raimo ◽  
Davide Mizzoni ◽  
Stefano Fais
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Metastatic Cascade ◽  
Target Organs

Metastatic diffusion is thought to be a multi-step phenomenon involving the release of cells from the primary tumor and their diffusion through the body. Currently, several hypotheses have been put forward in order to explain the origin of cancer metastasis, including epithelial–mesenchymal transition, mutagenesis of stem cells, and a facilitating role of macrophages, involving, for example, transformation or fusion hybridization with neoplastic cells. In this paradigm, tumor-secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes, play a pivotal role in cell communications, delivering a plethora of biomolecules including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. For their natural role in shuttling molecules, EVs have been newly considered a part of the metastatic cascade. They have a prominent role in preparing the so-called “tumor niches” in target organs. However, recent evidence has pointed out an even more interesting role of tumor EVs, consisting in their ability to induce malignant transformation in resident mesenchymal stem cells. All in all, in this review, we discuss the multiple involvements of EVs in the metastatic cascade, and how we can exploit and manipulate EVs in order to reduce the metastatic spread of malignant tumors.

scholarly journals Nasal Polyposis: Insights in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Differentiation of Polyp Mesenchymal Stem Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela Chiarella ◽  
Nicola Lombardo ◽  
Nadia Lobello ◽  
Annamaria Aloisio ◽  
Teodoro Aragona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Nasal Polyps ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Nasal Polyposis ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition

Chronic rhinosinusitis is a common inflammatory disease of paranasal sinuses, which causes rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, and hyposmia. The genetic predisposition or the exposure to irritants can sustain the inflammatory response and the development of nasal polyposis. Nasal polyps are benign and teardrop-shaped growths that project in the nasal cavities, and originate from the ethmoid sinuses. This inflammatory process is associated with high expression of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 and IgE. Antibodies targeting these cytokines or receptors represent a therapeutic strategy in the treatment of nasal polyposis in combination with corticosteroids. The molecular pathogenesis of nasal polyps in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients is associated with remodeling transition, a process in which epithelial cells lose their typical phenotype, acquiring a mesenchymal-like aspect. TGFβ/SMAD, ERK, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways are altered during the nasal tissue remodeling. miRNA and inhibitor molecules targeting these signaling pathways are able to interfere with the process; which could lead to alternative therapies. Nasal polyps are an alternative source of mesenchymal stem cells, which can be isolated from surgical biopsies. A molecular understanding of the biology of PO-MSCs will contribute to the delineating inflammatory process underlying the development of nasal polyps.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document