scholarly journals Transsynaptic tracing and its emerging use to assess graft-reconstructed neural circuits

Stem Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 716-726
Author(s):  
Andrew F. Adler ◽  
Anders Björklund ◽  
Malin Parmar
Keyword(s):  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Transsynaptic Tracing

A bicistronic lentiviral vector-based method for differential transsynaptic tracing of neural circuits

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohei Ohashi ◽  
Tadashi Tsubota ◽  
Ayana Sato ◽  
Kenji W. Koyano ◽  
Keita Tamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Lentiviral Vector ◽  
Transsynaptic Tracing

Adenosine A3 receptor expression in peplidergic neural circuits of the rat distal colon

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A177-A177
Author(s):  
S SHARP ◽  
J YU ◽  
J GUZMAN ◽  
J XUE ◽  
H COOKE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Adenosine A3 Receptor ◽  
Rat Distal Colon

A review on aversive Pavlovian-to-Instrumental transfer in humans

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Gerlicher ◽  
Merel Kindt
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Behavior ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Transfer Effects ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Transfer Paradigm ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Threat Cues ◽  
Imminent Threat ◽  
Fear And Anxiety ◽  
Pathological Anxiety

A cue that indicates imminent threat elicits a wide range of physiological, hormonal, autonomic, cognitive, and emotional fear responses in humans and facilitates threat-specific avoidance behavior. The occurrence of a threat cue can, however, also have general motivational effects and affect behavior. That is, the encounter with a threat cue can increase our tendency to engage in general avoidance behavior that does neither terminate nor prevent the threat-cue or the threat itself. Furthermore, the encounter with a threat-cue can substantially reduce our likelihood to engage in behavior that leads to rewarding outcomes. Such general motivational effects of threat-cues on behavior can be informative about the transition from normal to pathological anxiety and could also explain the development of comorbid disorders, such as depression and substance abuse. Despite the unmistakable relevance of the motivational effects of threat for our understanding of anxiety disorders, their investigation is still in its infancy. Pavlovian-to-Instrumental transfer is one paradigm that allows us to investigate such motivational effects of threat cues. Here, we review studies investigating aversive transfer in humans and discuss recent results on the neural circuits mediating Pavlovian-to-Instrumental transfer effects. Finally, we discuss potential limitations of the transfer paradigm and future directions for employing Pavlovian-to-Instrumental transfer for the investigation of motivational effects of fear and anxiety.

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