scholarly journals Multipotent Caudal Neural Progenitors Derived from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells That Give Rise to Lineages of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System

Stem Cells ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1759-1770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Denham ◽  
Kouichi Hasegawa ◽  
Trevelyan Menheniott ◽  
Ben Rollo ◽  
Dongcheng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Human Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Progenitors

Advanced Modeling of Peripheral Neuro-Effector Communication and -Plasticity

Physiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 348-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pien A. Goldsteen ◽  
Amalia M. Dolga ◽  
Reinoud Gosens
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Human Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Organ On A Chip ◽  
Organoid Cultures

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) plays crucial roles in physiology and disease. Neuro-effector communication and neuroplasticity of the PNS are poorly studied, since suitable models are lacking. The emergence of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has great promise to resolve this deficit. hPSC-derived PNS neurons, integrated into organ-on-a-chip systems or organoid cultures, allow co-cultures with cells of the local microenvironment to study neuro-effector interactions and to probe mechanisms underlying neuroplasticity.

scholarly journals TDG regulates cell cycle progression in human neural progenitors

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 497
Author(s):  
Igal Germanguz ◽  
Jenny C. Park ◽  
Jessica Cinkornpumin ◽  
Aryeh Solomon ◽  
Minori Ohashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Human Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Dna Demethylation ◽  
Neural Progenitors ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Active Demethylation

Background: As cells divide, they must both replicate their DNA and generate a new set of histone proteins.  The newly synthesized daughter strands and histones are unmodified, and must therefore be covalently modified to allow for transmission of important epigenetic marks to daughter cells.  Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) display a unique cell cycle profile, and control of the cell cycle is known to be critical for their proper differentiation and survival.  A major unresolved question is how hPSCs regulate their DNA methylation status through the cell cycle, namely how passive and active demethylation work to maintain a stable genome. Thymine-DNA glycosylase (TDG), an embryonic essential gene, has been recently implicated as a major enzyme involved in demethylation. Methods: We use human pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives to investigate the role of TDG in differentiation and proliferation.  To perform loss of function of TDG, RNA Interference was used.  To study the cell cyle, we engineered human pluripotent stem cells to express the FUCCI tool which marks cells at various stages of the cell cycle with distinct patterns of fluorescent proteins.  We also used cell cycle profiling by FACS, and DNA methylation analysis to probe a connection between DNA demethylation and cell cycle. Results: Here we present data showing that TDG regulates cell cycle dynamics in human neural progenitors (NPCs) derived from hPSCs, leading to changes in  cell cycle related gene expression and neural differentiation capacity.  These data show that loss of TDG function can block differentiation by driving proliferation of neural progenitors.  We also identify specific cell cycle related genes whose expression changes upon loss of TDG expression. Conclusions: These observations suggest that TDG and active demethylation play an important role in hPSC cell cycle regulation and differentiation.

scholarly journals Prospect of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Crest Stem Cells in Clinical Application

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Zhu ◽  
Qiqi Lu ◽  
Rong Gao ◽  
Tong Cao
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Hirschsprung Disease ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Human Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Crest Stem Cells

Neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) represent a transient and multipotent cell population that contributes to numerous anatomical structures such as peripheral nervous system, teeth, and cornea. NCSC maldevelopment is related to various human diseases including pigmentation abnormalities, disorders affecting autonomic nervous system, and malformations of teeth, eyes, and hearts. As human pluripotent stem cells including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can serve as an unlimited cell source to generate NCSCs, hESC/hiPSC-derived NCSCs can be a valuable tool to study the underlying mechanisms of NCSC-associated diseases, which paves the way for future therapies for these abnormalities. In addition, hESC/hiPSC-derived NCSCs with the capability of differentiating to various cell types are highly promising for clinical organ repair and regeneration. In this review, we first discuss NCSC generation methods from human pluripotent stem cells and differentiation mechanism of NCSCs. Then we focus on the clinical application potential of hESC/hiPSC-derived NCSCs on peripheral nerve injuries, corneal blindness, tooth regeneration, pathological melanogenesis, Hirschsprung disease, and cardiac repair and regeneration.

scholarly journals Emerging Opportunities in Human Pluripotent Stem-Cells Based Assays to Explore the Diversity of Botulinum Neurotoxins as Future Therapeutics

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7524
Author(s):  
Juliette Duchesne de Lamotte ◽  
Anselme Perrier ◽  
Cécile Martinat ◽  
Camille Nicoleau
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Human Physiology ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Human Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Neuronal Function ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxins

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are produced by Clostridium botulinum and are responsible for botulism, a fatal disorder of the nervous system mostly induced by food poisoning. Despite being one of the most potent families of poisonous substances, BoNTs are used for both aesthetic and therapeutic indications from cosmetic reduction of wrinkles to treatment of movement disorders. The increasing understanding of the biology of BoNTs and the availability of distinct toxin serotypes and subtypes offer the prospect of expanding the range of indications for these toxins. Engineering of BoNTs is considered to provide a new avenue for improving safety and clinical benefit from these neurotoxins. Robust, high-throughput, and cost-effective assays for BoNTs activity, yet highly relevant to the human physiology, have become indispensable for a successful translation of engineered BoNTs to the clinic. This review presents an emerging family of cell-based assays that take advantage of newly developed human pluripotent stem cells and neuronal function analyses technologies.

scholarly journals Generating Enteric Nervous System Progenitors from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antigoni Gogolou ◽  
Thomas J.R. Frith ◽  
Anestis Tsakiridis
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document