The “general method” for assessing the out-of-plane stability of structural members and frames and the comparison with alternative rules in EN 1993 - Eurocode 3 - Part 1-1

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frans Bijlaard ◽  
Markus Feldmann ◽  
Johannes Naumes ◽  
Gerhard Sedlacek
Keyword(s):  
Structural Members ◽  
Eurocode 3 ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
General Method

scholarly journals Buckling resistance evaluation of steel beam-columns using refined General Method approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 09010
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Stachura ◽  
Marian A. Gizejowski
Keyword(s):  
Steel Beam ◽  
Equation Approach ◽  
Resistance Evaluation ◽  
Beam Columns ◽  
Buckling Resistance ◽  
Eurocode 3 ◽  
Interaction Equation ◽  
Method Approach ◽  
General Method

Different aspects of Eurocode 3 General Method (GM) approaches are discussed in this paper. The purpose of present study is to improve the application of GM approach for both beam-columns without intermediate lateral-torsional restraints and with these restraints. The results from the proposed GM are compared with those from Eurocode 3-1-1 interaction equations according to Method 1 and Method 2. A better consistency between the developed GM approach and the Eurocode's interaction equation approach than Eurocode 3 GM approach is observed.

Fracture Toughness of Structural Members

2012 ◽  
Vol 726 ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Neimitz
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Fracture Mechanics ◽  
Reference State ◽  
Finite Strains ◽  
Structural Members ◽  
Local Approach ◽  
Strain Fracture ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Plain Strain

Abstract. In the paper several formulae to compute the fracture toughness are presented. The formulae include either parameter characterizing the in-plane constraint or out-of-plane constraint or both. The formulae are based on different assumptions and approaches to fracture mechanics. Namely, small or finite strains were assumed, global or local approach was adopted. In all cases the standard, plain strain fracture toughness was used as a reference state.

scholarly journals A Review of the Methods for Predicting the Effective In-Plane Shear Modulus of Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Mehsam Tanzim Khan ◽  
Ying Hei Chui ◽  
Dongsheng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Structural Members ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Plane Shear ◽  
Cross Laminated Timber ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Alternative Material ◽  
Almost All

Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is a type of engineered wood product that offers both high in-plane and out-of-plane load-bearing capacity. It is slowly becoming an alternative material for building high-rise structures. However, there is no current standard or regulation for determining the shear modulus of CLT under in-plane loading condition, which is a very important property for its use as structural members. Few methods have been proposed over the last decade to determine the in-plane shear modulus of CLT. Almost all of the methods proposed until now have their strengths and weaknesses. In this paper, some of the prominent methods for determining the in-plane shear modulus of CLT are described and analysed. The descriptions along with the critical discussions will facilitate a better understanding and might pave the way to further enhancements of the method(s) to determine the in-plane shear modulus of CLT.

Simulating the shake table response of unreinforced masonry cavity wall structures tested to collapse or near-collapse conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 554-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Malomo ◽  
Rui Pinho ◽  
Andrea Penna
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Unreinforced Masonry ◽  
Cavity Wall ◽  
Shake Table ◽  
Structural Members ◽  
Global Response ◽  
House Construction ◽  
Wall Structures ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Applied Element Method

The seismic performance of existing unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings is considerably affected by typology and level of effectiveness of both construction details and structural components, especially if not originally designed for resisting earthquakes. Within this framework, the use of advanced numerical approaches that are capable of duly accounting for such aspects might improve significantly the assessment of the global response of URM structures. In this article, the applied element method is thus employed for simulating the shake table response of a number of full-scale building specimens representative of cavity wall terraced house construction, used in a number of countries exposed to tectonic or induced seismicity, accounting explicitly for the influence of the presence of both rigid and flexible diaphragms, degree of connections among structural members, and interaction between in- and out-of-plane mechanisms. Although the models slightly underestimated the energy dissipation in some specific cycles prior to collapse, the predicted crack patterns, failure modes, and hysteretic behaviors have shown a good agreement with their experimental counterparts.

scholarly journals Design Forces of Horizontal Braces Unlocated at Middle of Columns considering Random Initial Geometric Imperfections

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Jinyou Zhao ◽  
Junming Wei ◽  
Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Parametric Analysis ◽  
Column Height ◽  
Design Codes ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Geometric Imperfections ◽  
The Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Eurocode 3 ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Initial Geometric Imperfections

The horizontal bracing forces of column-bracing systems derived from past studies and current design codes were considered only located at middle of columns. Actually, the horizontal braces used to reduce the out-of-plane effective column lengths are frequently designed not to locate at middle of columns. In this paper, a large number of column-bracing systems with the horizontal braces unlocated at middle of columns were modelled and analyzed using the finite element method, in which the random initial geometric imperfections of both the columns and the horizontal braces unlocated at middle of columns were well considered by the Monte Carlo method. Based on the numerical calculations, parametric analysis, and probability statistics, the probability density function of the horizontal bracing forces was found, so that the corresponding design forces of horizontal braces unlocated at middle of columns were proposed which were compared with the design mid-height horizontal bracing forces in the previous study and the relevant codes. The results indicate that the design forces of the horizontal braces located at 0.6 column height are smaller than the mid-height horizontal bracing forces in the previous study while the design forces of horizontal braces located at 0.7 column height are larger than the mid-height horizontal bracing forces in the previous study. The proposed design forces of the horizontal braces located and unlocated at middle of columns are both smaller than the mid-height horizontal bracing forces stipulated in GB50017-2017, Eurocode 3-1992, and AS4100-1998. The above conclusions provide references for the engineering applications and further related code revisions.

scholarly journals GEM – A SOFTWARE FOR STABILITY VERIFICATION OF NON-UNIFORM MEMBERS, Adaptation of the general method procedure to fire design

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Ferreira ◽  
Paulo Vila Real ◽  
Carlos Couto ◽  
Paulo Cachim
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Lateral Torsional Buckling ◽  
Torsional Buckling ◽  
Tapered Beam ◽  
Eurocode 3 ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Fire Design ◽  
General Method

<span lang="EN-GB">There is currently no specific rules in Part 1-2 of Eurocode 3 for the stability verification of non-uniform members under fire conditions. For normal temperature, Part 1-1 of the same code provides a General Method to check the stability against lateral and lateral-torsional buckling for these type of members, though it requires some extensive calculations. It is here demonstrated in this paper how both problems can be addressed, by exposing a procedure that accounts for the modifications of the method at elevated temperatures, and by showing its implementation within a computer program. It is also shown how the program can be used to assess the study of the method itself, by applying it to a case of a web-tapered beam-column and comparing it to numerical results.</span>

scholarly journals General Method for the fire design of tapered steel columns: Out‐of‐plane flexural buckling

ce/papers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 677-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Élio Maia ◽  
Paulo Vila Real ◽  
Nuno Lopes ◽  
Carlos Couto
Keyword(s):  
Steel Columns ◽  
Flexural Buckling ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Fire Design ◽  
General Method

AN INCLUSION OF ARBITRARY SHAPE IN AN INFINITE OR SEMI-INFINITE ISOTROPIC MULTILAYERED PLATE

2014 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 1450001 ◽  
Author(s):  
XU WANG ◽  
KUN ZHOU
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Field ◽  
Laminated Plate ◽  
Equilibrium Equations ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Remarkable Feature ◽  
Main Plane ◽  
Eshelby Inclusion ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Potential Formalism ◽  
General Method

This paper proposes a simple method based on analytical continuation and conformal mapping to obtain an analytic solution for a two-dimensional arbitrarily shaped Eshelby inclusion with uniform main plane eigenstrains and eigencurvatures in an infinite or semi-infinite isotropic laminated plate. The main plane of the plate is chosen in such a way that the in-plane displacements and out-of-plane deflection on the main plane are decoupled in the equilibrium equations. Consequently, the complex potential formalism for the isotropic laminate can be readily and elegantly established. One remarkable feature of the present method is that simple elementary expressions can be obtained for the internal elastic field within the inclusion of any shape in an infinite laminated plate. Several examples are presented to illustrate the general method.

A General Method for Spectrometer Design in the Scoff Approximation

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 538-539
Author(s):  
J. R. Fields
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Incident Beam ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Chemical Identification ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
General Method

The energy analysis of electrons scattered by a specimen in a scanning transmission electron microscope can improve contrast as well as aid in chemical identification. In so far as energy analysis is useful, one would like to be able to design a spectrometer which is tailored to his particular needs. In our own case, we require a spectrometer which will accept a parallel incident beam and which will focus the electrons in both the median and perpendicular planes. In addition, since we intend to follow the spectrometer by a detector array rather than a single energy selecting slit, we need as great a dispersion as possible. Therefore, we would like to follow our spectrometer by a magnifying lens. Consequently, the line along which electrons of varying energy are dispersed must be normal to the direction of the central ray at the spectrometer exit.

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