Role of Endogenous Protein in the Spherical Aggregation of Taro Starch Granules upon Spray‐Drying and in In Vitro Digestibility

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 1900087
Author(s):  
Eduardo Jaime Vernon‐Carter ◽  
Jose Alvarez‐Ramirez ◽  
Luis A. Bello‐Perez ◽  
Carmen Hernandez‐Jaimes ◽  
Isabel Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Endogenous Protein

High-Pressure Homogenization Alters Physicochemical Properties and In Vitro Digestibility of Chinese Yam (Dioscorea Opposita Thunb.) Starch

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Wang Yi-Wei ◽  
He Yong-Zhao ◽  
An Feng-Ping ◽  
Huang Qun ◽  
Zeng Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
High Pressure Homogenization ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Cross Polarization ◽  
Chinese Yam ◽  
Crystal Type

In this study, Chinese yam starch-water suspension (8%) were subjected to high-pressure homogenization (HPH) at 100 MPa for increasing cycle numbers, and its effect of on the physicochemical properties of the starch was investigated. Results of the polarizing microscope observations showed that the starch granules were disrupted (i.e. greater breakdown value) after HPH treatment, followed by a decrease in cross polarization. After three HPH cycles, the crystallinity of starch decreased, while the crystal type remained unaltered. Meanwhile, the contents of rapidly digestible starch and slowly digestible starch were increased. On the contrary, resistant starch content was decreased. Our results indicate that HPH treatment resulted in reduction of starch crystallinity and increase of starch digestibility.

scholarly journals DNAJB6b is Downregulated in Synucleinopathies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Jonas Folke ◽  
Sertan Arkan ◽  
Isak Martinsson ◽  
Susana Aznar ◽  
Gunnar Gouras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta ◽  
Endogenous Protein ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Brain Material ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Isoform B

Background: α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation contributes to the progression of multiple neurodegenerative diseases. We recently found that the isoform b of the co-chaperone DNAJB6 is a strong suppressor of a-syn aggregation in vivo and in vitro. However, nothing is known about the role of the endogenous isoform b of DNAJB6 (DNAJB6b) in health and disease, due to lack of specific antibodies. Objective: Here we generated a novel anti-DNAJB6b antibody to analyze the localization and expression this isoform in cells, in tissue and in clinical material. Methods: To address this we used immunocytochemistry, immunohistochemistry, as well as a novel quantitative DNAJB6 specific ELISA method. Results: The endogenous protein is mainly expressed in the cytoplasm and in neurites in vitro, where it is found more in dendrites than in axons. We further verified in vivo that DNAJB6b is expressed in the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), which is a neuronal subpopulation highly sensitive to α-syn aggregation, that degenerate to a large extend in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). When we analyzed the expression levels of DNAJB6b in brain material from PD and MSA patients, we found a downregulation of DNAJB6b by use of ELISA based quantification. Interestingly, this was also true when analyzing tissue from patients with progressive supranuclear palsy, a taupathic atypical parkinsonian disorder. However, the total level of DNAJB6 was upregulated in these three diseases, which may indicate an upregulation of the other major isoform of DNAJB6, DNAJB6a. Conclusion: This study shows that DNAJB6b is downregulated in several different neurodegenerative diseases, which makes it an interesting target to further investigate in relation to amyloid protein aggregation and disease progression.

scholarly journals The role of drying methods in determining the in vitro digestibility of starch in whole chestnut flour

LWT ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 153 ◽  
pp. 112583
Author(s):  
Zhenglei Yang ◽  
Yuyang Zhang ◽  
Yanwen Wu ◽  
Jie Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Chestnut Flour

scholarly journals Impacts of Hydrothermal Treatments on the Morphology, Structural Characteristics, and In Vitro Digestibility of Water Caltrop Starch

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 4974
Author(s):  
Jia-Lin Liu ◽  
Po-Ching Tsai ◽  
Lih-Shiuh Lai
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Relative Crystallinity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Moisture Treatment ◽  
Moisture Treatment

The influence of hydrothermal treatments on the structural properties and digestibility of water caltrop starch was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed some small dents on the surface of starch granules for samples treated with heat moisture treatment (HMT), but not for samples treated with annealing (ANN) which generally showed smoother surfaces. The gelatinization temperature of starch was generally increased by hydrothermal treatments, accompanied by a trend of decreasing breakdown viscosity. These results implied the improvement of thermal and shearing stability, particularly for HMT in comparison to ANN. After being cooked, the native and ANN-modified water caltrop starch granules were essentially burst or destroyed. On the other hand, the margin of starch granules modified by HMT and dual hydrothermal treatments remained clear with some channels inside the starch granules. X-ray diffraction revealed that the crystalline pattern of water caltrop starch changed from the CA-type to the A-type and the relative crystallinity reduced with increasing moisture levels of HMT. Results of ANN-modified water caltrop starch were mostly similar to those of the native one. Moreover, water caltrop starch modified with HMT20 and dual modification contained a pronouncedly higher resistant starch content. These results suggested that HMT, ANN, and dual modification effectively modified the functional properties of water caltrop starch.

scholarly journals Role of glycosylation in the expression of human procathepsin D

1995 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 2001-2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.C. Fortenberry ◽  
J.S. Schorey ◽  
J.M. Chirgwin
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Glycosylation Sites ◽  
Endogenous Protein ◽  
Lysosomal Targeting ◽  
The Individual

Human procathepsin D carries two N-linked glycosylation sites at asparagine residues 70 and 199, widely separated on the surface of the folded protein. We created monoglycosylated procathepsin D molecules by site-directed mutagenesis in vitro of the individual glycosylation sites. With only two exceptions, all 12 mutants of this type were expressed efficiently in mammalian cells. The expressed proteins were stable, targeted to the lysosome, and partially secreted into the medium. When both glycosylation sites were eliminated, however, the expressed proteins (9 different mutants) were stable but most were not secreted and targeted poorly to the lysosome. Mammalian fibroblasts appear to sort nascent procathepsin D efficiently only if it is N-glycosylated. Procathepsin D monoglycosylated at N70 is readily distinguished from the endogenous protein in transfected human cells and thus provides an excellent substrate for studying lysosomal targeting in an homologous system.

In vitro Digestibility of Native Starch Granules of Samai and Sanwa

1983 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 235-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Tharanathan ◽  
S. V. Paramahans ◽  
J. A. K. Tareen
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Native Starch

scholarly journals A study of starch gelatinisation behaviour in hydrothermally-processed plant food tissues and implications for in vitro digestibility

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 3634-3641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathrina H. Edwards ◽  
Frederick J. Warren ◽  
Grant M. Campbell ◽  
Simon Gaisford ◽  
Paul G. Royall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Plant Food ◽  
Starch Gelatinisation

Within plant tissues of different particle sizes, the extent of gelatinisation revealed by DSC was related to thein vitrodigestion of encapsulated starch granules.

In vitro digestibility of rice starch granules modified by β-amylase, transglucosidase and pullulanase

2019 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 1228-1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Li ◽  
Jiahao Li ◽  
Yu Xiao ◽  
Bo Cui ◽  
Yishan Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Starch ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Starch Granules
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