Additive Manufacturing of a Cold‐Work Tool Steel using Electron Beam Melting

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 1900448
Author(s):  
Carlos Botero ◽  
Markus Ramsperger ◽  
Aydin Selte ◽  
Kenneth Åsvik ◽  
Andrey Koptyug ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Electron Beam Melting ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Cold Work Tool Steel

scholarly journals Microstructural and Mechanical Evaluation of a Cr-Mo-V Cold-Work Tool Steel Produced via Electron Beam Melting (EBM)

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2963
Author(s):  
Carlos Alberto Botero ◽  
Aydın Şelte ◽  
Markus Ramsperger ◽  
Giulio Maistro ◽  
Andrey Koptyug ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Electron Beam Melting ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Hot Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Treatment Procedures ◽  
Cold Work Tool Steel

In this work, a highly alloyed cold work tool steel, Uddeholm Vanadis 4 Extra, was manufactured via the electron beam melting (EBM) technique. The corresponding material microstructure and carbide precipitation behavior as well as the microstructural changes after heat treatment were characterized, and key mechanical properties were investigated. In the as-built condition, the microstructure consists of a discontinuous network of very fine primary Mo- and V-rich carbides dispersed in an auto-tempered martensite matrix together with ≈15% of retained austenite. Adjusted heat treatment procedures allowed optimizing the microstructure by the elimination of Mo-rich carbides and the precipitation of fine and different sized V-rich carbides, along with a decrease in the retained austenite content below 2%. Hardness response, compressive strength, and abrasive wear properties of the EBM-manufactured material are similar or superior to its as-HIP forged counterparts manufactured using traditional powder metallurgy route. In the material as built by EBM, an impact toughness of 16–17 J was achieved. Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) was applied in order to further increase ductility and to investigate its impact upon the microstructure and properties of the material. After HIPing with optimized protocols, the ductility increased over 20 J.

Microstructure And Mechanical Properties Of A Cold-Work Tool Steel Produced Via Electron Beam Melting (EBM)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selte Aydin ◽  
Oikonomou Christos ◽  
Karamchedu Seshendra ◽  
Botero Carlos ◽  
Ramsperger Markus
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Electron Beam Melting ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Suitable Heat Treatment ◽  
Cold Work Tool Steel ◽  
Metal Additive

Electron Beam Melting (EBM) is one of the most promising techniques within Metal Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques, which currently is for the fabrication of high performance components for the aerospace and medical industries, mostly. Among the industrial applications envisioned for the future of EBM, the fabrication of high carbon steels for the tooling industry is of great interest.In this study, martensitic highly alloyed (Cr-Mo-V) cold-work tool steel was processed by EBM. A suitable heat treatment was proposed in order to obtain an optimal microstructure, which was studied by means of optical and scanning-electron microscopy. The performance of the material was evaluated based on the hardness achieved and the abrasive wear resistance of the material processed through EBM when compared with that of the conventionally produced state.

Microstructure And Mechanical Properties Of A Cold-Work Tool Steel Produced Via Electron Beam Melting (EBM)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selte Aydin ◽  
Oikonomou Christos ◽  
Karamchedu Seshendra ◽  
Botero Carlos ◽  
Markus Ramsperger
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Electron Beam Melting ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Abrasive Wear Resistance ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Suitable Heat Treatment ◽  
Cold Work Tool Steel ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Metal Additive

Electron Beam Melting (EBM) is one of the most promising techniques within Metal Additive Manufacturing (AM) strategies, which presently is for the manufacture of high execution segments for the aviation and clinical businesses, generally. Among the modern applications imagined for the eventual fate of EBM, the creation of high carbon prepares for the tooling business is of extraordinary interest. In this study, martensitic highly alloyed (Cr-Mo-V) cold-work tool steel was produced by EBM. A suitable heat treatment was proposed in order to obtain an optimal microstructure, which was studied by means of optical and scanning-electron microscopy. The performance of the material was evaluated based on the hardness achieved and the abrasive wear resistance of the material processed through EBM when compared with that of the conventionally produced state.

UNS T30407

Alloy Digest ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tool Steel ◽  
Vanadium Carbide ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Cold Extrusion ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Extrusion Dies ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Aisi Type ◽  
Cold Work Tool Steel

Abstract UNS No. T30407 is a high-carbon chromium cold-work tool steel containing vanadium (4.0%) and molybdenum (1.0%). Its carbon and vanadium form a vanadium carbide that provides war resistance many times greater than that of UNS No. T30403 (AISI Type D3). UNS No. T30407 was developed for applications where extreme abrasive wear is needed. Its many applications include briquetting dies and punches, brick mold liners, pottery, tools, broaches, meat-chopper plates and cold-extrusion dies. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: TS-439. Producer or source: Tool steel mills.

CYCLOPS SCK

Alloy Digest ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Optimum Combination ◽  
Cold Work Tool Steel ◽  
Minimum Distortion

Abstract CYCLOPS SCK is a cold-work tool steel with a balanced composition to provide air hardening and an optimum combination of toughness, wear resistance and minimum distortion during heat treatment. Typical applications are shear blades, trimming dies and forming rolls, including grade rolls for cutlery and flatware. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: TS-346. Producer or source: Cyclops Corporation.

BÖHLER K100

Alloy Digest ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Abrasive Wear Resistance ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
High Chromium ◽  
Cold Work Tool Steel

Abstract Böhler K100 is a high-carbon, high-chromium (12%), alloy cold-work tool steel that is suitable for medium run tooling in applications where a very good abrasive wear resistance is needed but where demands on chipping resistance are small. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity. It also includes information on forming and machining. Filing Code: TS-788. Producer or source: voestalpine Böhler Edelstahl GmbH & Co.

HITACHI METALS SLD-MAGIC

Alloy Digest ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Mold Fabrication ◽  
Cold Work Tool Steel

Abstract Hitachi Metals SLD-Magic is a high-performance alloy cold-work tool steel that is characterized by improved mold lifespan and easy mold fabrication. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity as well as fatigue. It also includes information on low and high temperature performance as well as heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: TS-802. Producer or source: Hitachi Metals Ltd.

BOEHLER K294 MICROCLEAN

Alloy Digest ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Powder Metal ◽  
Cold Work Tool Steel

Abstract Böhler K294 Microclean is a powder metallurgically produced cold work tool steel. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity. It also includes information on heat treating and powder metal forms. Filing Code: TS-702. Producer or source: Böhler-Uddeholm Corporation.

CRYODUR 2550

Alloy Digest ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Cold Work Tool Steel

Abstract Cryodur 2550 cold work tool steel for cutting, punching, and folding. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and hardness. It also includes information on joining. Filing Code: TS-774. Producer or source: Schmolz + Bickenbach USA Inc..

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