Emergent properties: a fundamental postulate of classical systems theory in schematic representation

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 565-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Germana
Keyword(s):  
Systems Theory ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Schematic Representation ◽  
Classical Systems

A Systemic Approach of Electronic Commerce

2011 ◽  
pp. 85-103
Author(s):  
Roberto Vinaja
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Systems Theory ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Intelligent Agent ◽  
Systemic Approach ◽  
General Systems Theory ◽  
Electronic Marketplace ◽  
Model Interaction ◽  
Classical Systems ◽  
General Systems

This chapter applies several concepts from classical Systems Theory to the growing area of E-commerce and agents. The purpose of this chapter is to demonstrate how General Systems Theory principles are widely applicable to the state-of-the art field of Electronic Commerce. The Systems Approach can be used as a framework to model interaction in the electronic marketplace. Software agents play an important role in this system. The chapter describes the characteristics of an intelligent agent and its applications in Electronic Commerce from a systemic perspective.

scholarly journals Understanding Soil as an Open System and Fertility as an Emergent Property of the Soil System

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarete Nicolodi ◽  
Clesio Gianello
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Systems Theory ◽  
Open System ◽  
General Systems Theory ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
General Systems ◽  
Important Progress ◽  
Non Equilibrium

<p>The application of the principles of thermodynamics and General Systems Theory is responsible for important progress in the study of soil and its fertility, and this application can even improve our understanding of the processes that govern the functioning of soil and determine the magnitude of soil fertility. Consequently, we can improve the evaluation and practices recommended for preserving or improving the soil and its fertility, contributing to sustainable food production. Recalling how the concept and <em>human </em>perception of soil have evolved is fundamental to improve our understanding. Thus, this article aims to encourage people to reflect on the application of the principles of thermodynamics of non-equilibrium and General Systems Theory in studying the soil and its fertility and to participate in constructing a new notion of soil fertility, able to express what is perceived by plants. Several authors in the last century have considered the soil to be an open system; however, this approach is a recent in Brazil. Fertility can be coherently understood as one of the emergent properties of the soil system by applying the principles of thermodynamics of non-equilibrium and General Systems Theory to the study of soil.</p>

Varieties of Emergence in Artificial and Natural Systems

1998 ◽  
Vol 53 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 639-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achim Stephan
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical Systems ◽  
Systems Theory ◽  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Dynamical Systems Theory ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Strong Notion

Abstract In different disciplines such as philosophy of mind, dynamical systems theory, and connec­tionism the term ‘emergence’ has different jobs to perform. Therefore, various concepts of emergence are developed and examined. While weaker versions are compatible with prop­erty reductionism, stronger versions are not. Within philosophy of mind, particularly within the qualia debate there is a need for a strong notion of emergence, while in discussions of emergent properties of connectionist nets or of dynamical systems one can do with weaker notions of emergence.

scholarly journals CLASSICAL ODE AND PDE WHICH OBEY QUANTUM DYNAMICS

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2031-2049 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL J. WERBOS
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Quantum Field Theory ◽  
Quantum Computing ◽  
Quantum Measurement ◽  
Quantum Dynamics ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Quantum Field ◽  
Superstring Theory ◽  
Classical Systems ◽  
Statistical Correlations

It is well known that classical systems governed by ODE or PDE can have extremely complex emergent properties. Many researchers have asked: is it possible that the statistical correlations which emerge over time in classical systems would allow effects as complex as those generated by quantum field theory (QFT)? For example, could parallel computation based on classical statistical correlations in systems based on continuous variables, distributed over space, possibly be as powerful as quantum computing based on entanglement? This paper proves that the answer to this question is essentially "yes," with certain caveats. More precisely, the paper shows that the statistics of many classical ODE and PDE systems obey dynamics remarkably similar to the Heisenberg dynamics of the corresponding quantum field theory (QFT). It supports Einstein's conjecture that much of quantum mechanics may be derived as a statistical formalism describing the dynamics of classical systems. Predictions of QFT result from combining quantum dynamics with quantum measurement rules. Bell's Theorem experiments which rule out "classical field theory" may therefore be interpreted as ruling out classical assumptions about measurement which were not part of the PDE. If quantum measurement rules can be derived as a consequence of quantum dynamics and gross thermodynamics, they should apply to a PDE model of reality just as much as they apply to a QFT model. This implies: (1) the real advantage of "quantum computing" lies in the exploitation of quantum measurement effects, which may have possibilities well beyond today's early efforts; (2) Lagrangian PDE models assuming the existence of objective reality should be reconsidered as a "theory of everything." This paper will review the underlying mathematics, prove the basic points, and suggest how a PDE-based approach might someday allow a finite, consistent unified field theory far simpler than superstring theory, the only known alternative to date.

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