Make Space Fit Crowd Size

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-8
Keyword(s):  
Crowd Size

Mass Gathering Events: Retrospective Analysis of Patient Presentations over Seven Years

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn M. Zeitz ◽  
David P.A. Schneider ◽  
Dannielle Jarrett ◽  
Christopher J. Zeitz
Keyword(s):  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Presentation Rate ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Event Analysis ◽  
Mass Gathering ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Maximum Daily Temperature ◽  
Day Of The Week ◽  
Crowd Size

AbstractIntroduction:St John Ambulance Operations Branch Volunteers have been providing first-aid services at the Royal Adelaide Show for 90 years. The project arose from a need to more accurately predict the workload for first-aid providers at mass gathering events. A formal analysis of workload patterns and the determinants of workload had not been performed.Hypothesis:Casualty presentation workload would be predicted by factors including day of the week, weather, and crowd size.Method:Collated and analyzed casualty reports over a seven-year period representing >7,000 patients who presented for first-aid assistance for that period (63 show days) were reviewed retrospectively.Results:Casualty presentations correlated significantly with crowd size, maximum daily temperature, humidity, and day of the week. Patient presentation rate had heterogeneous determinants. The most frequent presentation was minor medical problems with Wednesdays attracting higher casualty presentations and more major medical categories.Conclusion:Individual event analysis is a useful mechanism to assist in determining resource allocation at mass gathering events providing an evidence base upon which to make decisions about future needs. Subsequent analysis of other events will assist in supporting accurate predictor models.

scholarly journals Effects of Crowd Size, Composition, and Noise Level On Pool Use in a Mixed-Species Penguin Colony

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-520
Author(s):  
Ashley N. Edes ◽  
Eli Baskir ◽  
Karen L. Bauman ◽  
Nathasha Chandrasekharan ◽  
Michael Macek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Composition ◽  
Neutral Stimulus ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Human Adults ◽  
Penguin Colony ◽  
Crowd Size ◽  
Human Care ◽  
Human Hearing

Studies on how visitors affect penguins in human care report a mixture of negative, neutral, and positive impacts on behavior and physiology. Swimming is a highly motivated behavior that may promote positive welfare in penguins. We investigated how visitor crowd size, composition, and noise levels impact pool use in a mixed-species colony housing king (Aptenodytes patagonicus; n = 20), gentoo (Pygoscelis papua; n = 14), and southern rockhopper (Eudyptes chrysocome; n = 24) penguins. We used video and sound loggers to record if penguins were on land or in water, the number of human adults and children present, and noise levels using 5-minute scan samples from 09:00-15:00 over 36 continuous days. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models with proportion of penguins in the water as the dependent variable and crowd size, composition, and noise levels in A-weighted (dBA) and C-weighted (dBC) scales as independent variables. Crowd size was positively associated with pool use in gentoo penguins. Crowd composition did not predict pool use in any species. Noise levels in dBA, which is adjusted to the higher frequencies of human hearing, positively predicted pool use in southern rockhopper penguins. Noise levels in dBC, which captures lower frequencies, did not predict pool use in any species. No evidence of negative visitor effects was observed. Instead, these results suggest visitors are a neutral stimulus to king penguins and may be enriching to gentoo and southern rockhopper penguins.

Retrospective Analysis of Patient Presentations at the Sydney (Australia) Royal Easter Show from 2012 to 2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Crabtree ◽  
Shirley Mo ◽  
Leon Ong ◽  
Thuvarahan Jegathees ◽  
Daniel Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Study Patient ◽  
Mass Gathering ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Crowd Size ◽  
Sydney Australia

AbstractIntroductionComprehensive studies on the relationship between patient demographics and subsequent treatment and disposition at a single mass-gathering event are lacking. The Sydney Royal Easter Show (SRES; Sydney Olympic Park, New South Wales, Australia) is an annual, 14-day, agricultural mass-gathering event occurring around the Easter weekend, attracting more than 800,000 patrons per year. In this study, patient records from the SRES were analyzed to examine relationships between weather, crowd size, day of week, and demographics on treatment and disposition. This information would help to predict factors affecting patient treatment and disposition to guide ongoing training of first responders and to evaluate the appropriateness of staffing skills mix at future events.HypothesisPatient demographics, environmental factors, and attendance would influence the nature and severity of presentations at the SRES, which would influence staffing requirements.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 4,141 patient record forms was performed for patients who presented to St John Ambulance (Australian Capital Territory, Australia) at the SRES between 2012 and 2014 inclusive. Presentation type was classified using a previously published minimum data set. Data on weather and crowd size were obtained from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (Melbourne, Victoria, Australia) and the SRES, respectively. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS v22 (IBM; Armonk, New York USA).ResultsBetween 2012 to 2014, over 2.5 million people attended the SRES with 4,141 patients treated onsite. As expected, the majority of presentations were injuries (49%) and illnesses (46%). Although patient demographics and presentation types did not change over time, the duration of treatment increased. A higher proportion of patients were discharged to hospital or home compared to the proportion of patients discharged back to the event. Patients from rural/regional locations (accounting for 15% of all patients) were more likely to require advanced treatment, health professional review, and were more likely to be discharged to hospital or home rather than discharged back to the event. Extremes of temperature were associated with a lower crowd size and higher patient presentation rate (PPR), but had no impact on transfer or referral rates to hospital.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that analyses of patient presentations at an agricultural show provide unique insights on weather, attendance, and demographic features that correlated with treatment and disposition. These data can help guide organizers with information on how to better staff and train health care providers at future mass-gathering events of this type.CrabtreeN,MoS,OngL,JegatheesT,WeiD,FaheyD,LiuJ.Retrospective analysis of patient presentations at the Sydney (Australia) Royal Easter Show from 2012 to 2014.Prehosp Disaster Med.2017;32(2)187–194.

1000+1000=5000: Estimating crowd size

Society ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 42-44
Author(s):  
Gerald D. Sturges
Keyword(s):  
Crowd Size

Effects of crowd size on referee decisions: Analysis of the FA Cup

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 1541-1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Downward ◽  
Marc Jones
Keyword(s):  
Crowd Size

scholarly journals The effects of referees on the final score in football

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (70) ◽  
pp. 79-98
Author(s):  
Matías Fontenla ◽  
Germán M. Izón
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Home Team ◽  
Final Score ◽  
Crowd Size ◽  
Two Stage Least Squares

This paper examines whether there exists favouritism by individual referees in favour of the home team in Argentina’s first division football (soccer) league. We study 936 matches between 2008 and 2010, and run both ordinary least squares (OLS) and two-stage least squares (2-SLS) specifications. Using goal differential between the home and away teams as the dependent variable, we find that individual referees have a statistically significant effect on the score of the game, even after controlling for referee actions such as yellow and red cards, penalties awarded, and other factors such as team quality, crowd size, and crowd composition. Crowd size and composition do not seem to affect the outcome of the game.

RF-Driven Crowd-Size Classification via Machine Learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 2321-2324
Author(s):  
Tarciana Cabral de Brito Guerra ◽  
Pedro Maia de Santana ◽  
Millena Michely de Medeiros Campos ◽  
Mateus de Oliveira Mattos ◽  
Alvaro A. M. de Medeiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Size Classification ◽  
Crowd Size
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