Three-Dimensional Tracking of Rab5- and Rab7-Associated Infection Process of Influenza Virus

Small ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 4746-4753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Lin Liu ◽  
Qiu-Mei Wu ◽  
Li-Juan Zhang ◽  
Zhi-Gang Wang ◽  
En-Ze Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Infection Process

scholarly journals Three-dimensional structure of an antigenic mutant of the influenza virus haemagglutinin

Nature ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 311 (5987) ◽  
pp. 678-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Knossow ◽  
R. S. Daniels ◽  
A. R. Douglas ◽  
J. J. Skehel ◽  
D. C. Wiley
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional Structure ◽  
Influenza Virus Haemagglutinin ◽  
Virus Haemagglutinin

scholarly journals An endometrial organoid model of Chlamydia-epithelial and immune cell interactions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Dolat ◽  
Raphael H. Valdivia
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Cell Diversity ◽  
Intracellular Organelles

ABSTRACTOur understanding of how the obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis reprograms the cell biology of host cells in the upper genital tract is largely based on observations made in cell culture with transformed epithelial cell lines. Here we describe a primary spherical organoid system derived from endometrial tissue to recapitulate epithelial cell diversity, polarity, and ensuing responses to Chlamydia infection. Using high-resolution and time-lapse microscopy, we catalogue the infection process in organoids from invasion to egress, including the reorganization of the cytoskeleton and positioning of intracellular organelles. We show this model is amenable to screening C. trachomatis mutants for defects in the fusion of pathogenic vacuoles, the recruitment of intracellular organelles, and inhibition of cell death. Moreover, we reconstructed a primary immune cell response by co-culturing infected organoids with neutrophils, and determined that the effector TepP limits the recruitment of neutrophils to infected organoids. Collectively, our model details a system to study the cell biology of Chlamydia infections in three dimensional structures that better reflect the diversity of cell types and polarity encountered by Chlamydia upon infection of their animal hosts.Summary statement3D endometrial organoids to model Chlamydia infection and the role of secreted virulence factors in reprogramming host epithelial cells and immune cell recruitment

Mechanism of Action of the Anti-Influenza Virus Active Kampo (Traditional Japanese Herbal) Medicine, Hochuekkito

Pharmacology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 148-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuaki Dan ◽  
Keita Takanashi ◽  
Hiroko Akiyoshi ◽  
Kaori Munakata ◽  
Hideki Hasegawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Plaque Assay ◽  
Virus Titer ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Virus Adsorption ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
Viral Particles

When the Kampo medicine, Hochuekkito (Hochu), was administered to normal mice for 2 weeks, influenza virus titer was reduced. The mechanism of action of Hochu was examined using the plaque assay method. It was suggested that Hochu may either obstruct the first stage of the infection process (adsorption and entry) or may directly target viral particles. Using the plaque assay method, these 2 modes of action could not be differentiated. Virus RNA in the infected cell was verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. An equal inhibition effect was obtained when Hochu was preprocessed for normal cells and when they were made to act simultaneously with virus adsorption. The viral load at the cell surface following UV irradiation was higher in the Hochu-administered group as compared with that of the control. Moreover, the affinity of Hochu for the influenza virus was hundred times higher than its affinity for the host cell. The effect of entry obstruction by Hochu was observed via image analysis, where the amount of virus nucleocapsid protein (NP) invading the cell was visualized with FITC-labeled NP antibody. Hochu does not seem to have an effect on nucleic acid synthesis, viral release from infected cells, and on the subsequent second round of infection. In conclusion, Hochu binds to viral particles and forms complexes that can obstruct the entry of influenza virus into cells.

scholarly journals Three‐dimensional reconstruction of a recombinant influenza virus ribonucleoprotein particle

EMBO Reports ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Martín‐Benito ◽  
Estela Area ◽  
Joaquín Ortega ◽  
Oscar Llorca ◽  
José M Valpuesta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Ribonucleoprotein Particle ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction

Three-dimensional structure of a complex of antibody with influenza virus neuraminidase

Nature ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 326 (6111) ◽  
pp. 358-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Colman ◽  
W. G. Laver ◽  
J. N. Varghese ◽  
A. T. Baker ◽  
P. A. Tulloch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional Structure ◽  
Influenza Virus Neuraminidase

scholarly journals William Graeme Laver. 3 June 1929 — 26 September 2008

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 215-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
First Century ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Fundamental Properties ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Pandemic Planning

A novel influenza virus of swine origin that emerged in Mexico in April 2009 has spread globally in humans and caused the first pandemic of influenza in the twenty-first century. Our options for controlling the pandemic include the use of anti-influenza drugs and vaccines against this novel influenza virus. William Graeme Laver contributed significantly to both of these strategies. The anti-influenza drugs (Relenza and Tamiflu) that target the viral enzyme were designed on the basis of the three-dimensional structure of the neuraminidase from crystals prepared by Graeme from influenza virus grown in chicken embryos. These drugs have been stockpiled in many countries and are the first option for the treatment of infected persons. The second option, and the preferred one for the control of influenza, is vaccination; Graeme Laver's structural studies on the disruption of influenza virus with mild detergent provided one of the first subunit vaccines, which remains the basis of the influenza vaccine currently prepared in Australia. Our knowledge about the origin of pandemic influenza viruses also comes from the pioneering field work of Graeme Laver. His Australian heritage of adventure in the great outdoors led to studies on influenza in wild migratory birds. These studies laid the foundation for the concept that the wild waterfowl of the world are the natural reservoirs of all influenza viruses. Although Graeme Laver's curiosity was to establish the fundamental properties of influenza viruses, his work translated into humanitarian endeavours relevant today in pandemic planning for influenza.

scholarly journals Influenza Virus Hemagglutinins H2, H5, H6, and H11 Are Not Targets of Pulmonary Surfactant Protein D: N-Glycan Subtypes in Host-Pathogen Interactions

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Parsons ◽  
Yanming An ◽  
Li Qi ◽  
Mitchell R. White ◽  
Roosmarijn van der Woude ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Pulmonary Surfactant ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surfactant Protein ◽  
Surfactant Protein D ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Head Region ◽  
High Mannose ◽  
Pulmonary Surfactant Protein ◽  
High Mannose Glycan

ABSTRACT Seasonal influenza carrying key hemagglutinin (HA) head region glycosylation sites can be removed from the lung by pulmonary surfactant protein D (SP-D). Little is known about HA head glycosylation of low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus (LPAIV) subtypes. These can pose a pandemic threat through reassortment and emergence in human populations. Since the presence of head region high-mannose glycosites dictates SP-D activity, the ability to predict these glycosite glycan subtypes may be of value. Here, we investigate the activities of two recombinant human SP-D forms against representative LPAIV strains, including H2N1, H5N1, H6N1, H11N9, an avian H3N8, and a human seasonal H3N2 subtype. Using mass spectrometry, we determined the glycan subclasses and heterogeneities at each head glycosylation site. Sequence alignment and molecular structure analysis of the HAs were performed for LPAIV strains in comparison to seasonal H3N2 and avian H3N8. Intramolecular contacts were determined between the protein backbone and glycosite glycan based on available three-dimensional structure data. We found that glycosite “N165” (H3 numbering) is occupied by high-mannose glycans in H3 HA but by complex glycans in all LPAIV HAs. SP-D was not active on LPAIV but was on H3 HAs. Since SP-D affinity for influenza HA depends on the presence of high-mannose glycan on the head region, our data demonstrate that SP-D may not protect against virus containing these HA subtypes. Our results also demonstrate that glycan subtype can be predicted at some glycosites based on sequence comparisons and three-dimensional structural analysis. IMPORTANCE Low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus (LPAIV) subtypes can reassort with circulating human strains and pandemic viruses can emerge in human populations, as was seen in the 1957 pandemic, in which an H2 virus reassorted with the circulating H1N1 to create a novel H2N2 genotype. Lung surfactant protein D (SP-D), a key factor in first-line innate immunity defense, removes influenza type A virus (IAV) through interaction with hemagglutinin (HA) head region high-mannose glycan(s). While it is known that both H1 and H3 HAs have one or more key high-mannose glycosites in the head region, little is known about similar glycosylation of LPAIV strains H2N1, H5N1, H6N1, or H11N9, which may pose future health risks. Here, we demonstrate that the hemagglutinins of LPAIV strains do not have the required high-mannose glycans and do not interact with SP-D, and that sequence analysis can predict glycan subtype, thus predicting the presence or absence of this virulence marker.

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