Cell Distribution Profiles in Three-Dimensional Scaffolds with Inverted-Colloidal-Crystal Geometry: Modeling and Experimental Investigations

Small ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 1208-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin Shanbhag ◽  
Shaopeng Wang ◽  
Nicholas A. Kotov
Keyword(s):  
Colloidal Crystal ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Cell Distribution ◽  
Geometry Modeling

scholarly journals Structural Characterization of Receptor–Receptor Interactions in the Allosteric Modulation of G Protein-Coupled Receptor (GPCR) Dimers

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3241
Author(s):  
Raudah Lazim ◽  
Donghyuk Suh ◽  
Jai Woo Lee ◽  
Thi Ngoc Lan Vu ◽  
Sanghee Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
G Protein ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Allosteric Modulation ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptor ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate ◽  
Gpcr Activation ◽  
G Protein Coupled

G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) oligomerization, while contentious, continues to attract the attention of researchers. Numerous experimental investigations have validated the presence of GPCR dimers, and the relevance of dimerization in the effectuation of physiological functions intensifies the attractiveness of this concept as a potential therapeutic target. GPCRs, as a single entity, have been the main source of scrutiny for drug design objectives for multiple diseases such as cancer, inflammation, cardiac, and respiratory diseases. The existence of dimers broadens the research scope of GPCR functions, revealing new signaling pathways that can be targeted for disease pathogenesis that have not previously been reported when GPCRs were only viewed in their monomeric form. This review will highlight several aspects of GPCR dimerization, which include a summary of the structural elucidation of the allosteric modulation of class C GPCR activation offered through recent solutions to the three-dimensional, full-length structures of metabotropic glutamate receptor and γ-aminobutyric acid B receptor as well as the role of dimerization in the modification of GPCR function and allostery. With the growing influence of computational methods in the study of GPCRs, we will also be reviewing recent computational tools that have been utilized to map protein–protein interactions (PPI).

Assessment of Unsteady Flows in Turbines

1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. P. Sharma ◽  
G. F. Pickett ◽  
R. H. Ni
Keyword(s):  
Unsteady Flow ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Flow Parameters ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Flow Features ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Turbine Design ◽  
The Impact

The impacts of unsteady flow research activities on flow simulation methods used in the turbine design process are assessed. Results from experimental investigations that identify the impact of periodic unsteadiness on the time-averaged flows in turbines and results from numerical simulations obtained by using three-dimensional unsteady Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) codes indicate that some of the unsteady flow features can be fairly accurately predicted. Flow parameters that can be modeled with existing steady CFD codes are distinguished from those that require unsteady codes.

Influence of a Honeycomb Facing on the Flow Through a Stepped Labyrinth Seal

2000 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Schramm ◽  
K. Willenborg ◽  
S. Kim ◽  
S. Wittig
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Labyrinth Seal ◽  
Honeycomb Structure ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Labyrinth Seals ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Aero Engines

This paper reports numerical predictions and measurements of the flow field in a stepped labyrinth seal. The theoretical work and the experimental investigations were successfully combined to gain a comprehensive understanding of the flow patterns existing in such elements. In order to identify the influence of the honeycomb structure, a smooth stator as well as a seal configuration with a honeycomb facing mounted on the stator wall were investigated. The seal geometry is representative of typical three-step labyrinth seals of modern aero engines. The flow field was predicted using a commercial finite volume code with the standard k-ε turbulence model. The computational grid includes the basic seal geometry as well as the three-dimensional honeycomb structures.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigations of Interactions between Sand Wave Movements, Flow Structure, and Individual Aquatic Plants in Natural Rivers: A Case Study of Potamogeton Pectinatus L.

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Przyborowski ◽  
Anna Łoboda ◽  
Robert Bialik
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Potamogeton Pectinatus ◽  
Sand Wave ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Elevation Changes

Long-duration measurements were performed in two sandy bed rivers, and three-dimensional (3D) flow velocity and bottom elevation changes were measured in a vegetated area and in a clear region of a river. Detailed flow velocity profiles downstream and upstream of a single specimen of Potamogeton pectinatus L. were obtained and the bed morphology was assessed. Potamogeton plants gathered from each river were subjected to tensile and bending tests. The results show that the existence of the plants was influenced by both bottom and flow conditions, as the plants were located where water velocity was lower by 12% to 16% in comparison to clear region. The characteristics of the flow and sand forms depended on the cross-sectional arrangement of the river, e.g., dunes were approximately four times higher in the middle of the river than in vegetated regions near the bank. Furthermore, the studied hydrophytes were too sparse to affect water flow and had no discernible impact on the sand forms’ movements. The turbulent kinetic energy downstream of a single plant was reduced by approximately 25%. Additionally, the plants’ biomechanical characteristics and morphology were found to have adjusted to match the river conditions.

Li4Mn5O12 Lithium Ion Sieve Preparation and Adsorption Properties

2014 ◽  
Vol 1004-1005 ◽  
pp. 670-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dian Quan Dong ◽  
Hong Bo Dai ◽  
Jian Guo Zheng
Keyword(s):  
High Selectivity ◽  
Colloidal Crystal ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Precursor Solution ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Exchange Performance ◽  
Roasting Condition

Polystyrene microspheres with 120nm diameter were synthesized by emulsion polymerization and three-dimensionally ordered colloidal crystal templates were obtained by centrifugal sedimentation.Three dimensionally ordered nanopore (3DON) manganese oxide lithium ion-sieve was prepared after filtration, two heated roasting and acid modified by using precursor solution filling the colloidal crystal templates, which was prepared by Lithium salt, manganese salt and citric acid. SEM, XRD, and saturated exchange capacity test were used to characterize the roasting condition, appearance, structure, and ion exchange performance of the oxide. The results showed that, the optimum roasting condition of preparing lithium ion-sieve precursors were found as follows: heating rate at 2°C/min, 300 °C roasting 4h and 800 °C roasting 8h, The 3DON Li4Mn5O12lithium ion sieve precursor has the shape of three-dimensional cross-linked connected into the network structure. Li4Mn5O12was regularly arranged and the hole wall was integrity,average pore size of approximately 90nm.3DON Li4Mn5O12 showed good stability for acid and the retrofit of lithium ion-sieve showed a high selectivity for Li+. The saturated exchange capacity of Li+is 51.98mgLi+/g.

EXCELLENT CYCLING PERFORMANCE OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL-ORDERED MACROPOROUS NiFe2O4 AS ANODE MATERIAL FOR LITHIUM ION BATTERIES

2011 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 327-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIANJING ZHANG ◽  
HUJUN CAO ◽  
JUANJUAN PENG ◽  
QIZHEN XIAO ◽  
ZHAOHUI LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Anode Material ◽  
Nickel Ferrite ◽  
Colloidal Crystal ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Reversible Capacity ◽  
Cyclic Voltammogram ◽  
Electrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Ordered Macroporous

Three-dimensional ordered macroporous (3DOM) nickel ferrite ( NiFe2O4 ) anode material is synthesized via colloidal crystal template. A Close-packed poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) spheres is used as template. Scanning electron microscopy observations reveal that the obtained 3DOM NiFe2O4 material has uniform spherical macropores with diameter about 140-nm and 20-nm size walls. The cyclic voltammogram and galvanostatic test are employed to evaluate the electrochemical characteristics of the as-prepared NiFe2O4 . It shows high initial discharge capacity (up to 1370 mAh g-1) and reversible capacity of 670 mAh g-1 at the current density of 0.2 mA cm-2. The results suggest that 3DOM nickel ferrite is a good candidate for anode material of lithium ion batteries.

Development and validation of a novel quasi-dimensional combustion model for un-scavenged prechamber gas engines with numerical simulations and engine experiments

2020 ◽  
pp. 146808742095133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Bardis ◽  
Panagiotis Kyrtatos ◽  
Guoqing Xu ◽  
Christophe Barro ◽  
Yuri Martin Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Dimensional Models ◽  
Three Dimensional Models

Lean-burn gas engines equipped with an un-scavenged prechamber have proven to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions and fuel consumption, while mitigating combustion cycle-to-cycle fluctuations and unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) emissions. However, the performance of a prechamber gas engine is largely dependent on the prechamber design, which has to be optimised for the particular main chamber geometry and the foreseen engine operating conditions. Optimisation of such complex engine components relies partly on computationally efficient simulation tools, such as quasi and zero-dimensional models, since extensive experimental investigations can be costly and time-consuming. This article presents a newly developed quasi-dimensional (Q-D) combustion model for un-scavenged prechamber gas engines, which is motivated by the need for reliable low order models to optimise the principle design parameters of the prechamber. Our fundamental aim is to enhance the predictability and robustness of the proposed model with the inclusion of the following: (i) Formal derivation of the combustion and flow submodels via reduction of the corresponding three-dimensional models. (ii) Individual validation of the various submodels. (iii) Combined use of numerical simulations and experiments for the model validation. The resulting model shows very good agreement with the numerical simulations and the experiments from two different engines with various prechamber geometries using a set of fixed calibration parameters.

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