Clay-Based Solid Acid Catalyst for the Alkylation of p -Cresol with tert -Butyl Alcohol

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 801-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmy Muraleedharan ◽  
Bellundagere ◽  
M. Chandrashekara ◽  
Bangalore ◽  
S. Jai Prakash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Tert Butyl ◽  
Tert Butyl Alcohol

A novel solid acid catalyst synthesized from ZnAl2O4 spinel and its application in the esterification of acetic acid and n-butyl alcohol

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (25) ◽  
pp. 19652-19658 ◽  
Author(s):  
An-Qi Wang ◽  
Xiu-Ling Wu ◽  
Jun-Xia Wang ◽  
Hui Pan ◽  
Xiao-Yun Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Structural Stability ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Mesoporous Structure ◽  
Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Znal2o4 Spinel

A new spinel-style S2O82−/ZnAl2O4 catalyst with the mesoporous structure exhibited the well catalytic activity and structural stability.

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Mesitylene with tert-Butyl Alcohol over Novel Solid Acid Catalyst UDCaT-5

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganapati D. Yadav ◽  
Shashikant B Kamble
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Sulfated Zirconia ◽  
Reaction Pathway ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Butyl Alcohol ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Tert Butyl ◽  
Tert Butanol ◽  
Tert Butyl Alcohol

Alkylation of mesitylene with tert-butyl alcohol in the presence of novel mesoporous superacidic catalysts, namely, UDCaT-4, UDCaT-5 and UDCaT-6 was investigated. The catalysts are modified versions of zirconia showing high catalytic activity, stability and reusability in the presence of water as compared to conventional sulfated zirconia. The catalytic activity is in the order: UDCaT-5 (most active) > UDCaT-6 > UDCaT-4 > sulfated zirconia (S-ZrO2) (least active). The synergistic effect of the very high sulfur content present (9% w/w S) and the preservation of the tetragonal phase in UDCaT-5, in comparison with sulfated zirconia (4% w/w S), were responsible for higher catalytic activity. A catalyst ensuring the production of 2-tert-butyl-mesitylene (2-TBMT) with 98% selectivity and 94% conversion of tert-butanol (TBA) was developed under optimum reaction conditions. The formation of products is correlated with the acidity of the catalyst. The reactions were conducted in liquid phase at relatively low reaction temperatures (120–150 °C). A systematic investigation of the effects of various operating parameters was accomplished and a mathematical model is developed to describe the reaction pathway and validated with experimental results. The reaction was carried out without using any solvent in order to make the process cleaner and greener. An overall second order kinetic equation was used to fit the experimental data, under the assumption that both mesitylene and tert-butanol are weakly adsorbed. An independent dehydration study of tert-butanol (TBA) was also done.

Synthesis and Characterization of Heterogeneous Solid Acid Catalyst from Alstonia Scolaris Stalks for Biodiesel Production using Waste Cooking Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charishma Venkata Sai Anne ◽  
Karthikeyan S. ◽  
Arun C.
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Wood Biomass ◽  
Waste Wood ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cooking Oil

Background: Waste biomass derived reusable heterogeneous acid based catalysts are more suitable to overcome the problems associated with homogeneous catalysts. The use of agricultural biomass as catalyst for transesterification process is more economical and it reduces the overall production cost of biodiesel. The identification of an appropriate suitable catalyst for effective transesterification will be a landmark in biofuel sector Objective: In the present investigation, waste wood biomass was used to prepare a low cost sulfonated solid acid catalyst for the production of biodiesel using waste cooking oil. Methods: The pretreated wood biomass was first calcined then sulfonated with H2SO4. The catalyst was characterized by various analyses such as, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The central composite design (CCD) based response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to study the influence of individual process variables such as temperature, catalyst load, methanol to oil molar ration and reaction time on biodiesel yield. Results: The obtained optimized conditions are as follows: temperature (165 ˚C), catalyst loading (1.625 wt%), methanol to oil molar ratio (15:1) and reaction time (143 min) with a maximum biodiesel yield of 95 %. The Gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil was showed that it has a mixture of both monounsaturated and saturated methyl esters. Conclusion: Thus the waste wood biomass derived heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification process of waste cooking oil can be applied for sustainable biodiesel production by adding an additional value for the waste materials and also eliminating the disposable problem of waste oils.

Thermodynamic and Kinetic Investigation of the Solvent Effect on the Oxidation of [Co(en)2SCH2COO]+ with S2O82- In Water-Methanol and Water-tert-Butyl Alcohol Mixtures

1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 1001-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oľga Vollárová ◽  
Ján Benko
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Activation Parameters ◽  
Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Oxidation Of Co ◽  
Kinetics Of Oxidation ◽  
Tert Butyl ◽  
Tert Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Mixtures ◽  
Kinetics Of

The kinetics of oxidation of [Co(en)2SCH2COO]+ with S2O82- was studied in water-methanol and water-tert-butyl alcohol mixtures. Changes in the reaction activation parameters ∆H≠ and ∆S≠ with varying concentration of the co-solvent depend on the kind of the latter, which points to a significant role of salvation effects. The solvation effect on the reaction is discussed based on a comparison of the transfer functions ∆Ht0, ∆St0 and ∆Gt0 for the initial and transition states with the changes in the activation parameters accompanying changes in the CO-solvent concentration. The transfer enthalpies of the reactant were obtained from calorimetric measurements.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document