scholarly journals Statistical insights for crude‐rate‐based operational measures of misdiagnosis‐related harms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxin Zhu ◽  
Zheyu Wang ◽  
Ava L. Liberman ◽  
Tzu‐Pu Chang ◽  
David Newman‐Toker
Keyword(s):  
Crude Rate

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Malignant Tumors of the Eye and Adnexa (C69)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-501
Author(s):  
V. M. Merabishvili ◽  
E. N. Merabishvili
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Crude Rate ◽  
Age Composition ◽  
Cancer Register ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
The Difference

Malignant tumors of the eye and its adnexa (C69) relates to rare tumors. Until 2011, this group of tumors was not included to the official cancer report in Russia.Purpose: to investigate the incidence of malignant tumors of eye and its adnexa (C69) in the population of St. Petersburg, to consider the dynamics of a complex of analytical indicators. Standard methods of statistical analysis, state reporting materials and data from the St. Petersburg Population Cancer Register were used. Malignant tumors of the eye and its adnexa (С69) were started to be officially registered only from 2011 onwards, however not in full as only Form 7 that allows to calculate morbidity was filled in. Other information could be obtained from the databases of the Population Cancer Registers (PRR), organized in the country in the late 90’s. Each year, more than 1,000 thousand (e.g.1977–2017 year) cases of malignant tumors of eye and its adnexa (С69) are detected in the whole country. In 2011, 925 cases were diagnosed. In Russia, the crude rate of malignant tumors of the eye and its adnexa (С69) has increased from 2011 to 2017 years from 0.65/100,000 in 2011 to 0.73/100,000 in 2017, respectively, +12.3 % (both sexes), standardized, eliminating the difference in the age composition of the population, remained almost unchanged –0.54 0/0000 and 0.53 0/0000. The standardized incidence rate in men of malignant tumors of eye and its adnexa (С69) in 2017 was 0.58 0/0000, women –0.49 0/0000. The state reporting for malignant tumors of eye and its adnexa (С69) does not provide for the distribution of these patients by age, stage and other parameters. State mortality statistics do not provide for the review of the C-69 heading ICD-10. All of this led us to conduct in-depth analysis of the dynamics of morbidity and mortality of eye cancer on the basis of the PRR database of SaintPetersburg. An insignificant increase in the incidence rate of the Russian population of the eye cancer, completely associated with the aging of the population, has been established. Positive increase in the observed and relative survival of patients has been also revealed. 

scholarly journals Pneumococcal sepsis associated with adrenal apoplexy in a young woman with anorexia nervosa

2013 ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Nicola Maria Vitola ◽  
Dante Lo Pardo ◽  
Romualdo Cirillo ◽  
Matteo De Roberto ◽  
Pier Giovanni Crocco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Crude Rate ◽  
Treatment Practices ◽  
Pneumococcal Sepsis

BACKGROUND A crude rate of mortality of 5% has been quoted for anorexia nervosa in recent studies. Nowadays the mechanism of death is unclear and various authors recommend that any anorexia nervosa death be reported and that, where possible, an autopsy be performed. METHODS In this work we present a case of sudden death in anorexia nervosa with unexpected autopsy findings. A 21-years-old woman with long-standing anorexia nervosa, severely underweight with a body mass index of 14.47 kg/m2, has been taken to the Emergency Department in very critical conditions. Despite the attempts of resuscitation, she died shortly afterwards. Therefore an autopsy has been requested in order to clarify the causes of death. RESULTS The clinical picture, laboratory parameters, histology and microbiological investigations were consistent with pneumococcal sepsis associated adrenal apoplexy. CONCLUSIONS The cause of death in anorexia nervosa cannot reliably be established from antemortem clinical features. All anorexia nervosa deaths should be reported together with description of necropsy. This may lead to advances in the knowledge and treatment practices.

scholarly journals Variation in cardiovascular disease care: an Australian cohort study on sex differences in receipt of coronary procedures

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e026507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Jane Fogg ◽  
Jennifer Welsh ◽  
Emily Banks ◽  
Walter Abhayaratna ◽  
Rosemary J Korda
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Bypass Graft ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Event Analysis ◽  
Crude Rate ◽  
Coronary Procedures

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to quantify sex differences in diagnostic and revascularisation coronary procedures within 1 year of hospitalisation for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or angina.DesignThis is a prospective cohort study. Baseline questionnaire (January 2006–April 2009) data from the Sax Institute’s 45 and Up Study were linked to hospitalisation and mortality data (to 30 June 2016) in a time-to-event analysis, treating death as a censoring event.SettingThis was conducted in New South Wales, Australia.ParticipantsThe study included participants aged ≥45 years with no history of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) who were admitted to hospital with a primary diagnosis of AMI (n=4580) or a primary diagnosis of angina or chronic IHD with secondary diagnosis of angina (n=4457).Outcome measuresThe outcome of this study was coronary angiography and coronary revascularisation with percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft (PCI/CABG) within 1 year of index admission. Cox regression models compared coronary procedure rates in men and women, adjusting sequentially for age, sociodemographic variables and health characteristics.ResultsAmong patients with AMI, 71.6% of men (crude rate 3.45/person-year) and 64.7% of women (2.62/person-year) received angiography; 57.8% of men (1.73/person-year) and 37.4% of women (0.77/person-year) received PCI/CABG. Adjusted HRs for men versus women were 1.00 (0.92–1.08) for angiography and 1.51 (1.38–1.67) for PCI/CABG. In the angina group, 67.3% of men (crude rate 2.36/person-year) and 54.9% of women (1.32/person-year) received angiography; 44.6% of men (0.90/person-year) and 19.5% of women (0.26/person-year) received PCI/CABG. Adjusted HRs were 1.24 (1.14–1.34) and 2.44 (2.16–2.75), respectively.ConclusionsMen are more likely than women to receive coronary procedures, particularly revascularisation. This difference is most evident among people with angina, where clinical guidelines are less prescriptive than for AMI.

scholarly journals Changes in Uterine Cancer Incidence Rates in Egypt

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Saad Alshahrani ◽  
Amr S. Soliman ◽  
Ahmed Hablas ◽  
Mohamed Ramadan ◽  
Jane L. Meza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Nile Delta ◽  
Uterine Cancer ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Crude Rate ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas

Background. Uterine cancer is one of the top-ranking cancers in women with wide international variations in incidence rates. Developed countries have higher incidence rates than the developing countries. Egypt has significantly lower incidence of uterine cancer than other countries in the Middle East. This study aimed at verifying the incidence rate of uterine cancer and characterizing the demographic and clinical profiles of patients residing in the Gharbiah province in the Nile delta region of Egypt. Methods. Data from 660 uterine cancer patients diagnosed during the period of 1999 to 2010 were abstracted from the Gharbiah Cancer Registry, the only population-based registry in Egypt. The data included age, marital status, number of children, residence, smoking, occupation, date and basis of diagnosis, tumor topography, morphology, stage and grade, and treatment. Crude rate, age-standardized rate (ASR), and age-specific rate were calculated and associated with demographic and clinical characteristics of patients. Results. The study confirmed the low ASR of uterine cancer in Egypt, (4.1 per 100,000 (95% CI: 3.8–4.4)). The incidence rate increased significantly over the 12-year period. The crude rate (CR) was 1.95, 95% CI (1.64–2.25) in 1999–2002; 2.9, 95% CI (2.5–3.2) in 2003–2006; and 3.5, 95% CI (3.1–3.9) in 2007–2010. The rate ratio was 1.5, 95% CI (1.2–1.8) in 2003–2006 and 1.8, 95% CI (1.5–2.2) in 2007–2010 compared to 1999–2002. The majority of patients (83%) were postmenopausal with the highest age-specific rate in the 60–69-year age group (22.07 per 100,000 (95% CI: 19.3–25.2). The majority of patients were diagnosed at early stages (60% localized and 5% regional), had adenocarcinoma (68%), and resided in urban areas (54%). Conclusions. The study confirmed the low incidence rate of uterine cancer in the Gharbiah province of Egypt and significant increase in incidence in recent years. Future studies should focus on verifying the possible effect of hysterectomy on lowering the incidence, the factors related to the changes in rates between rural and urban areas, and the possible impact of nutritional and epidemiologic transitions on the increasing rates.

scholarly journals International migration and unemployment in established member countries of the European Union

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 2603-2610
Author(s):  
Milan Palát
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Regression Function ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Crude Rate ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Net Migration ◽  
Negative Linear Relationship

The objective of the paper is to evaluate relationships of the rate of migration and the unemployment rate in established member countries of the European Union covering also the period of the last financial and economic crisis and using statistical methods. To determine parameters of a regression function were used methods of regression and correlation analysis including testing the statistical significance. Nearly all countries (except Luxemburg and Austria) show a negative linear relationship between tested indicators however not always statistically significant. Based on these results, the existence of correlation is evident between the crude rate of net migration and the unemployment rate in more than a half of the monitored countries. Calculated correlation indices show highly statistically significant results for typically immigrant’s destination countries, e.g. Germany, United Kingdom, Luxembourg, and Belgium but we can find statistically significant results also in countries which are facing enormous economic problems during the last financial and economic crisis, esp. in Ireland, Spain and Italy. With an exemption of Belgium, the selected type of regression function doesn’t play a role as it regards the statistical significance of correlation indices and the use of polynomials of higher degrees doesn’t improve those results significantly. The analysis of the crude rate of net migration and the unemployment rate presented in this paper can be further used and developed when other variables would be added to the model.

scholarly journals Has cycling decreased in Australia? A comparison of 1985/86 and 2011 surveys

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-47
Author(s):  
Jake Olivier ◽  
Tim Churches ◽  
Andrew Hayen ◽  
Scott Walter ◽  
Raphael Grzebieta
Keyword(s):  
Crude Rate ◽  
Australian Population ◽  
Long Period

There has historically been very little data on cycling in Australia. This lack of data has made it difficult to track whether cycling has changed over a long period of time. The number of cycling trips per day per person increased by 25.1% from the Day-to-Day Travel in Australia 1985/86 Survey to the 2011 National Cycling Participation Survey, while the Australian population 9 years of age and older has increased by 58.5%. The crude rate estimates a 20% reduction in cycling relative to population; however, this analysis does not account for changing Australian demographics during that time. When the rates of cycling are age-sex standardised, cycling trips in Australia increased by an estimated 11.0% (95% CI: 10.8%, 11.1%). The estimated increases in cycling trips, both in raw numbers and age-sex adjusted rates, support increased investments in cycling in Australia.

scholarly journals Male breast cancer in Armenia 1980-2000

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-108
Author(s):  
Hairapet Galstyan ◽  
Irina Khachatouryan ◽  
Armen Nersesyan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Male Breast Cancer ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Male Breast ◽  
Crude Rate ◽  
The Mean

We analyzed the incidence of male breast cancer in Armenia over the period of 20 years (1980-2000). The obtained data showed that, unlike female BC, male BC incidence also varies in Armenia as in most developed and developing countries, but without any regularity. The mean crude rate for the observed period is lower than in developed but comparable with developing countries. The most important peculiarity of male BC in Armenia is young age of patients.

scholarly journals Incidence of overweight/obesity in preschool children during a two-year follow-up

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Franz Broering de Menezes ◽  
Janaina das Neves ◽  
Priscila Schramm Gonsalez ◽  
Francisco de Assis Guedes de Vasconcelos
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Incidence Density ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Crude Rate ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Rate Ratios

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the incidence of overweight/obesity and associated factors in children aged six years or less during a two-year follow-up. METHODS: This longitudinal cohort study followed 242 preschoolers from Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, from 2008 to 2010. The outcome was overweight/obesity (Z-score >+2) measured by accumulated incidence. The Chi-square test measured the differences between the study factors. The association between overweight/obesity and associated factors was analyzed by adjusted and crude rate ratios. RESULTS: Nine (4.00%) of the 222 non-overweight/obese children in 2008 were overweight/obese in 2010, indicating an accumulated incidence of overweight/obesity of 4.05% (1.4-6.7). The study accumulated incidence of overweight/obesity was 20.25/year/1000, similar to the incidence density of 20.65/year/1000. CONCLUSION: After adjustment, none of the study factors were associated with overweight/obesity. However, the lack of studies that investigate the incidence of overweight and obesity in preschoolers calls for longitudinal studies with larger samples that analyze not only the incidence of overweight/obesity but also other factors, such as the influence of parents' nutritional status on their offspring's nutritional status.

Incident Dementia, Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Levels and Potentially Preventable Hospitalizations in People Age 65 and Older with Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Zaslavsky ◽  
Onchee Yu ◽  
Rod L Walker ◽  
Paul K Crane ◽  
Shelly L Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equations ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Crude Rate ◽  
Preventable Hospitalizations ◽  
Incident Dementia ◽  
Potentially Preventable Hospitalizations ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
Hba1c Levels

Abstract Background To determine whether incident dementia and HbA1c levels are associated with increased rates of potentially preventable hospitalizations (PPH) in persons with diabetes. Methods 565 adults age 65+ ever treated for diabetes were from ACT study. PPH were from principal discharge diagnoses and included diabetes PPH (dPPH), respiratory PPH (rPPH), urinovolemic PPH (uPPH), cardiovascular, and other PPH. Poisson generalized estimating equations estimated rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations between dementia or HbA1c measures and rate of PPH. Results 562 individuals contributed 3602 dementia-free years, and 132 individuals contributed 511 dementia follow-up years. 128 (23%) dementia-free individuals had 210 PPH admissions and a crude rate of 58 per 1000 person-years while 55 (42%) individuals with dementia had 93 PPH admissions, a rate of 182 per 1000 person-years. The adjusted RR (95% CI) comparing rates between dementia and dementia-free groups were 2.27 (1.60, 3.21) for overall PPH; 5.90 (2.70, 12.88) for dPPH; 5.17 (2.49, 10.73) for uPPH, and 2.01 (1.06, 3.83) for rPPH. Compared with HbA1c of 7-8% and adjusted for dementia, the RR (95% CI) for overall PPH was 1.43 (1.00, 2.06) for >8% and 1.18 (0.85, 1.65) for <7% HbA1c. The uPPH RR was also increased, comparing >8% and <7% HbA1c levels. Conclusion Incident dementia is associated with higher rates of PPH among people with diabetes, especially PPHs due to diabetes, UTI, and dehydration. Potential evidence suggested that HbA1c levels of >8% vs. lower levels are associated with higher rates of overall, UTI and dehydration-related PPHs.

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