Incidence estimation using a single cross-sectional age-specific prevalence survey with differential mortality

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth L. Turner ◽  
Michael J. Sweeting ◽  
Robert J. Lindfield ◽  
Daniela DeAngelis
Keyword(s):  
Differential Mortality ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Incidence Estimation

scholarly journals Population-based cross-sectional prevalence survey of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy in Sohag—Egypt, 2019

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e047757
Author(s):  
Heba AlSawahli ◽  
Caleb D Mpyet ◽  
Gamal Ezzelarab ◽  
Ibrahim Hassanin ◽  
Mohammad Shalaby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
Eye Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and sight-threatening conditions among persons with DM aged 50 years and older in Sohag governorate in Upper Egypt.DesignPopulation-based, cross-sectional survey using the standardised Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness with the addition of the Diabetic Retinopathy module methodology.SettingsSohag governorate in Egypt where 68 clusters were selected using probability proportional to population size. Households were selected using the compact segment technique.Participants4078 people aged 50 years and older in 68 clusters were enrolled, of which 4033 participants had their random blood sugar checked and 843 examined for features of DR.Primary and secondary outcomesThe prevalence of DM and DR; secondary outcome was the coverage with diabetic eye care.ResultsThe prevalence of DM was 20.9% (95% CI 19.3% to 22.5%). The prevalence in females (23.8%; 95% CI 21.4% to 26.3%) was significantly higher than in males (18.9%; 95% CI 17.1% to 20.7%) (p=0.0001). Only 38.8% of persons diagnosed with diabetes had good control of DM. The prevalence of DR in the sample was 17.9% (95% CI 14.7% to 21.1%). The prevalence in females was higher (18.9%; 95% CI 14.0% to 23.8%) than in males (17.1%; 95% CI 13.0% to 21.2%). Up to 85.3% of study participants have never had eye examination. Sight-threatening DR (R4 and/or M2) was detected in 5.2% (95% CI 3.4% to 7.0%) with only 2.3% having had laser treatment.ConclusionThe prevalence of uncontrolled DM in Sohag governorate in Egypt is higher than the national prevalence. There is a high prevalence of sight-threatening retinopathy and/or maculopathy with few people having access to diabetic eye care. A public health approach is needed for health promotion, early detection and management of DR.

Prevalence and Characteristics of Peripheral Retinal Degeneration in Chinese Adults with High Myopia: A Cross-Sectional Prevalence Survey

2005 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
DENNIS S. C. LAM ◽  
DOROTHY S. P. FAN ◽  
WAI-MAN CHAN ◽  
BARBARA S. M. TAM ◽  
ALVIN K. H. KWOK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Degeneration ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF WI-FI PERFORMANCE ON STUDENTS' SATISFACTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 226-237
Author(s):  
Nor Ain Najwa Ismail ◽  
Nur Atikah Armieza Khairul Nazmi ◽  
Nur Aishah Abdul Razak ◽  
Nurulnur Athirah Azhar ◽  
Rozilawati Shaari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies ◽  
Students Satisfaction ◽  
Survey Questionnaires

Wi-Fi services provided by institutions are critical factors helping students in their learning process, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, studies concerning Wi-Fi performance on students’ satisfaction in Polytechnics Malaysia are limited. Hence, this study aims to investigate the influence of Wi-Fi service quality on students’ satisfaction, particularly in the Politeknik Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin (PTSS) context. Specifically, this study examines the influence of reliability, tangibility, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy on students’ satisfaction towards Wi-Fi performance. Quantitative and single cross-sectional studies were employed. A total of 260 students responded to the survey questionnaires. Multiple regression analysis results revealed that reliability, tangibility, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy influence students’ satisfaction. It shows that improving reliability, tangibility, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy is very important to increase students’ satisfaction. The results also indicated that responsiveness is the primary factor influencing students’ satisfaction. This study is hoped to enlighten the polytechnic management to improve Wi-Fi performance for the students.

scholarly journals Colonization with Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli among Nursing Home Residents and Its Relationship to Fluoroquinolone Resistance

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 3618-3620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel N. Maslow ◽  
Ebbing Lautenbach ◽  
Thomas Glaze ◽  
Warren Bilker ◽  
James R. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Veterans Affairs ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli

ABSTRACT In a cross-sectional fecal prevalence survey involving 49 residents of a Veterans Affairs nursing home, 59% of subjects were colonized with extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC), 22% were colonized with adhesin-positive E. coli, and 51% were colonized with fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli. Among 80 unique isolates, adhesins correlated negatively and aerobactin correlated positively with fluoroquinolone resistance.

scholarly journals Drinking in denial: a cross-sectional analysis of national survey data in Ireland to measure drinkers’ awareness of their alcohol use

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e034520
Author(s):  
Deirdre Mongan ◽  
Sean R Millar ◽  
Claire O'Dwyer ◽  
Jean Long ◽  
Brian Galvin
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Drinking Pattern ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Harmful Drinking

ObjectivesIreland has high per capita alcohol consumption and also has high levels of problematic drinking patterns. While it is accepted that patterns of alcohol consumption in Ireland are a cause for concern, it is not clear if Irish people are actually aware of the extent of their hazardous or harmful pattern of drinking. The aim of this study was to determine awareness of drinking pattern in an Irish population using a representative random sample and to identify characteristics associated with self-awareness of hazardous or harmful drinking.MethodsWe analysed data from Ireland’s 2014/2015 Drug Prevalence Survey which recruited a stratified clustered sample of 7005 individuals aged 15 years and over living in private households. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine characteristics associated with self-awareness of hazardous or harmful drinking.ResultsAlmost one half of drinkers had a hazardous or harmful pattern of drinking; 38% engaged in monthly risky single occasion drinking (RSOD) and 10.5% met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual version IV (DSM-IV) criteria for alcohol dependence. Of the 2420 respondents who had a hazardous or harmful pattern of drinking, 67% were unaware of this and misclassified themselves as being either a light or moderate drinker who did not engage in RSOD. An adjusted logistic regression model identified that hazardous and harmful drinkers were more likely to be aware of their drinking pattern if they had completed third level education (OR=1.80, 95% CI: 1.30 to 2.49) while older drinkers (aged 65 and over) were less likely to be aware of their drinking pattern (OR=0.30, 95% CI: 0.14 to 0.65). Subjects who engaged in risk taking behaviours such as illicit drug use and gambling were also significantly more likely to be aware of their drinking pattern.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that patterns of alcohol use in Ireland are problematic. Older respondents and those with lower educational attainment are less likely to be aware of their hazardous or harmful drinking pattern. There is also a population of younger, more-educated drinkers who engage in potentially risk-taking behaviours and these subjects are aware of their harmful drinking pattern. Initiatives to reduce overall alcohol consumption and raise awareness around drinking patterns are required.

scholarly journals Tobacco Usage in Uttarakhand: A Dangerous Combination of High Prevalence, Widespread Ignorance, and Resistance to Quitting

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan John Grills ◽  
Rajesh Singh ◽  
Rajkumari Singh ◽  
Bradley C. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
Tobacco Usage ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Background. Nearly one-third of adults in India use tobacco, resulting in 1.2 million deaths. However, little is known about knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to smoking in the impoverished state of Uttarakhand.Methods. A cross-sectional epidemiological prevalence survey was undertaken. Multistage cluster sampling selected 20 villages and 50 households to survey from which 1853 people were interviewed. Tobacco prevalence and KAP were analyzed by income level, occupation, age, and sex. 95% confidence intervals were calculated using standard formulas and incorporating assumptions in relation to the clustering effect.Results. The overall prevalence of tobacco usage, defined using WHO criteria, was 38.9%. 93% of smokers and 86% of tobacco chewers were male. Prevalence of tobacco use, controlling for other factors, was associated with lower education, older age, and male sex. 97.6% of users and 98.1% of nonusers wanted less tobacco. Except for lung cancer (89% awareness), awareness of diseases caused by tobacco usage was low (cardiac: 67%; infertility: 32.5%; stroke: 40.5%).Conclusion. A dangerous combination of high tobacco usage prevalence, ignorance about its dangers, and few quit attempts being made suggests the need to develop effective and evidence based interventions to prevent a health and development disaster in Uttarakhand.

Spatial distribution of gambling: two indexes in support of the reduction of health inequalities

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Papineau ◽  
E Robitaille ◽  
C Prisca Samba ◽  
F Lemétayer ◽  
Y Kestens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Spatial Accessibility ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Services ◽  
Risk Monitoring ◽  
Dissemination Area ◽  
Interactive Map ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Many studies have showed that disadvantaged areas residents have greater access to gambling sites and are more affected by gambling. Our research proposes an innovative method to characterize gambling environments in Quebec and addresses social inequality with respect to gambling exposure. Methods This cross-sectional ecological study was carried out in 3 stages: a Gambling Exposure Index (GEI) was built and is composed of 3 dimensions: spatial accessibility to gambling sites, density of gambling places, and relative risk associated with the types of game. The two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method was used to combine these dimensions into an overall GEI index. Data was retrieved from a geocoded directory of gambling sites and commercial databases. The relative risk of games is expressed by prevalence rates for those specific games in a Quebec population prevalence survey. A Vulnerability to Gambling Index (VGI) was produced based on 6 socio-economic proxies of problem gambling from the 2016 Canadian census, which were weighted and aggregated at the dissemination area (DA) level. Spatial and descriptive statistical analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between VGI and GEI, and to identify highly exposed and vulnerable areas. Results Our analyzes reveal significant associations between the GEI and the VGI in 2 599 out of 13 420 Quebec DAs (p < 0.05). Sectors with a high GEI show an average distance to the closest gambling sites of 2.8 km compared with 13.5 km for more advantaged sectors. Conclusions The interactive online mapping of the two indexes and statistical analysis of the results are beneficial to the professionals working in several fields such as risk monitoring, management of zoning, licensing and gambling distribution, prevention and treatment services. The method and the associated tools can be adapted to address the problem of increased accessibility to other unhealthy products in vulnerable neighborhoods. Key messages Two innovative ecological indexes show that increased accessibility to gambling correlates with a higher vulnerability to gambling in many Quebec regions. The online interactive map on gambling exposure and vulnerability provides reliable criteria to municipal, regional and governmental bodies for a safer distribution of gambling offer.

Burden of pulmonary tuberculosis in modern prison: A cross sectional prevalence survey from south India

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra Kumar Dolla ◽  
Baskaran Dhanraj ◽  
Muniyandi Malaisamy ◽  
C. Padma Priyadarshini ◽  
S. Syeed Hissar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
South India ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional
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