Estimators and confidence intervals for the marginal odds ratio using logistic regression and propensity score stratification

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 760-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Stampf ◽  
Erika Graf ◽  
Claudia Schmoor ◽  
Martin Schumacher
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Propensity Score Stratification

Periconceptional use of cod liver oil, a vitamin D source, could decrease the risk of CHD in offspring

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1445-1451
Author(s):  
Anda Zhao ◽  
Kena Zhao ◽  
Yuanqing Xia ◽  
Yong Yin ◽  
Jianzhen Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Cod Liver Oil ◽  
Periconceptional Period

AbstractObjective:To explore if there is association between vitamin D supplementation through cod liver oil ingestion around the periconceptional period and the risk of developing severe CHD in offspring. Furthermore, we would examine the interaction between vitamin D and folic acid supplementation in the association.Methods:A case–control study was conducted in Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, in which, a total of 262 severe CHD cases versus 262 controls were recruited through June 2016 to December 2017. All children were younger than 2 years. To reduce potential selection bias and to minimise confounding effects, propensity score matching was applied.Results:After propensity score matching, vitamin D supplementation seemed to be associated with decreased odds ratio of severe CHD (odds ratio = 0.666; 95% confidence intervals: 0.449–0.990) in the multivariable conditional logistic analysis. Furthermore, we found an additive interaction between vitamin D and folic acid supplementation (relative excess risk due to interaction = 0.810, 95% confidence intervals: 0.386–1.235) in the association.Conclusion:The results suggested that maternal vitamin D supplementation could decrease the risk of offspring severe CHD; moreover, it could strengthen the protective effect of folic acid. The significance of this study lies in providing epidemiological evidence that vitamin D supplementation around the periconceptional period could be a potential nutritional intervention strategy to meet the challenge of increasing CHD.

Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoctions Significantly Reduce the Mortality in Severe and Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Qin-Guo Sun ◽  
Xue-Dong An ◽  
Ping Xie ◽  
Bo Jiang ◽  
Jia-Xing Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Hospital Death ◽  
The Impact

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a new infectious disease associated with high mortality, and traditional Chinese medicine decoctions (TCMDs) have been widely used for the treatment of patients with COVID-19 in China; however, the impact of these decoctions on severe and critical COVID-19-related mortality has not been evaluated. Therefore, we aimed to address this gap. In this retrospective cohort study, we included inpatients diagnosed with severe/critical COVID-19 at the Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University and grouped them depending on the recipience of TCMDs (TCMD and non-TCMD groups). We conducted a propensity score-matched analysis to adjust the imbalanced variables and treatments and used logistic regression methods to explore the risk factors associated with in-hospital death. Among 282 patients with COVID-19 who were discharged or died, 186 patients (66.0%) received TCMD treatment (TCMD cohort) and 96 (34.0%) did not (non-TCMD cohort). After propensity score matching at a 1:1 ratio, 94 TCMD users were matched to 94 non-users, and there were no significant differences in baseline clinical variables between the two groups of patients. The all-cause mortality was significantly lower in the TCMD group than in the non-TCMD group, and this trend remained valid even after matching (21.3% [20/94] vs. 39.4% [37/94]). Multivariable logistic regression model showed that disease severity (odds ratio: 0.010; 95% CI: 0.003, 0.037; [Formula: see text] < 0.001) was associated with increased odds of death and that TCMD treatment significantly decreased the odds of in-hospital death (odds ratio: 0.115; 95% CI: 0.035, 0.383; [Formula: see text] < 0.001), which was related to the duration of TCMD treatment. Our findings show that TCMD treatment may reduce the mortality in patients with severe/critical COVID-19.

500 30-DAY SURVIVAL AND RECOVERY AFTER HIP FRACTURE BY MOBILISATION TIMING AND DEMENTIA: A UK DATABASE STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii5-ii7
Author(s):  
K J Sheehan ◽  
A Goubar ◽  
F C Martin ◽  
C Potter ◽  
G D Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Early Mobilisation ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Weighted Probability

Abstract Introduction To compare 30-day survival and recovery of prefracture ambulation between patients mobilised early (on the day of or day after surgery) and patients mobilised late (2 days of more after surgery) in England and Wales. To determine whether the presence of dementia influences the association between mobilisation timing and 30-day survival and recovery. Methods Secondary analysis of the UK National Hip Fracture Database linked to hospitalisation records for 126,897 patients 60 years or older who underwent surgery for nonpathological first hip fracture in England or Wales between 2014 and 2016. We used logistic regression to regress survival and ambulation recovery at 30-days with respect to mobilisation timing, overall and by dementia, with adjustment for confounding using a propensity score for mobilisation treatment with respect to confounders. Results Overall, 99,667 (79%) patients mobilised early. Among those who mobilised early compared to those who mobilised late, the weighted odds ratio of survival was 1.92 (95% CI 1.80–2.05), of recovering outdoor ambulation was 1.25 (95% CI 1.03–1.51), and of recovering indoor ambulation was 1.53 (95% CI 1.32–1.78) by 30 days. Early compared with late mobilisation led to a 3.8% increase in the weighted probability of survival, 22.8% increase in weighted probability of recovering outdoor ambulation and 10.0% increase in the weighted probability of recovering indoor ambulation, by 30-days. Patients with dementia were less likely to mobilise early but increases in survival and ambulation recovery were observed both for those with and without dementia. Conclusion Early mobilisation led to increase probability of survival and recovery for patients (with and without dementia) after hip fracture. Early mobilisation should be incorporated as a measured indicator of quality internationally. Reasons for failure to mobilise early should also be captured to inform quality improvement initiatives.

scholarly journals COVID-19 In-Hospital Mortality in People with Diabetes Is Driven by Comorbidities and Age—Propensity Score-Matched Analysis of Austrian National Public Health Institute Data

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2401
Author(s):  
Faisal Aziz ◽  
Felix Aberer ◽  
Alexander Bräuer ◽  
Christian Ciardi ◽  
Martin Clodi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
National Public Health Institute ◽  
Data Platform ◽  
National Public Health ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Public Health Institute

Background: It is a matter of debate whether diabetes alone or its associated comorbidities are responsible for severe COVID-19 outcomes. This study assessed the impact of diabetes on intensive care unit (ICU) admission and in-hospital mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on a countrywide cohort of 40,632 COVID-19 patients hospitalized between March 2020 and March 2021. Data were provided by the Austrian data platform. The association of diabetes with outcomes was assessed using unmatched and propensity-score matched (PSM) logistic regression. Results: 12.2% of patients had diabetes, 14.5% were admitted to the ICU, and 16.2% died in the hospital. Unmatched logistic regression analysis showed a significant association of diabetes (odds ratio [OR]: 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15–1.34, p < 0.001) with in-hospital mortality, whereas PSM analysis showed no significant association of diabetes with in-hospital mortality (OR: 1.08, 95%CI: 0.97–1.19, p = 0.146). Diabetes was associated with higher odds of ICU admissions in both unmatched (OR: 1.36, 95%CI: 1.25–1.47, p < 0.001) and PSM analysis (OR: 1.15, 95%CI: 1.04–1.28, p = 0.009). Conclusions: People with diabetes were more likely to be admitted to ICU compared to those without diabetes. However, advanced age and comorbidities rather than diabetes itself were associated with increased in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients.

Is a small coil more effective as a finishing coil for the embolization of intracranial aneurysms? Outcomes using GALAXY G3™ MINI micro-coils as finishing coils in a single center

2021 ◽  
pp. 159101992110118
Author(s):  
Sang-Uk Kim ◽  
Joon Huh ◽  
Hyun-Goo Lee ◽  
Won-Joo Jeong ◽  
Dal-Soo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Packing Density ◽  
Coil Embolization ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Outer Diameter

Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of coil embolization using a 0.009 inches primary outer diameter coil as finishing coil (FC) to that of 0.01 inches. Methods From February and August 2020, 131 aneurysms that performed coil embolization using FC with a second loop diameter of 1 mm, were reviewed retrospectively, conducting propensity score matching and logistic regression analysis. Angiographic results such as, occlusion grade, packing density, failure and event were compared between 0.009 inches coil of GALAXY G3™ MINI microcoil (n = 54) and 0.01 inches coils (n = 77). Results There were no statistically significant differences between two groups, but more events occurred in the 0.009 group. (Odds ratio, 3.65; 95% CI, 1.06-12.55; P = 0.031) In the results of coil embolization, successful occlusion occlusion (complete occlusion and residual neck) was identified more in the 0.01 group. After propensity score matching, the variables in each group were similar, but the successful occlusion was higher in the 0.01 group as in the total population. Events tended to occur more frequently in the 0.009 inch group, and logistic regression analysis showed slightly higher events in the angled microcatheter. (48.3% versus 76.9%., P = 0.075), Also, the 0.009 inch FC is an independent risk factor. (Odds ratio, 3.84; 95% CI, 1.07-13.80; P = 0.039) Conclusions Using 0.01 inches coils as FC increased the packing density after the procedure, and showed more successful occlusion than using a 0.009 inches coil. The probability of unexpected events was observed more than three times in the 0.009 inch group.

scholarly journals The 30-day survival and recovery after hip fracture by timing of mobilization and dementia

2021 ◽  
Vol 103-B (7) ◽  
pp. 1317-1324
Author(s):  
Aicha Goubar ◽  
Finbarr C. Martin ◽  
Chris Potter ◽  
Gareth D. Jones ◽  
Catherine Sackley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Early Mobilization ◽  
Walking Ability ◽  
Hospital Records ◽  
England And Wales

Aims The aim of this study to compare 30-day survival and recovery of mobility between patients mobilized early (on the day of, or day after surgery for a hip fracture) and patients mobilized late (two days or more after surgery), and to determine whether the presence of dementia influences the association between the timing of mobilization, 30-day survival, and recovery. Methods Analysis of the National Hip Fracture Database and hospital records for 126,897 patients aged ≥ 60 years who underwent surgery for a hip fracture in England and Wales between 2014 and 2016. Using logistic regression, we adjusted for covariates with a propensity score to estimate the association between the timing of mobilization, survival, and recovery of walking ability. Results A total of 99,667 patients (79%) mobilized early. Among those mobilized early compared to those mobilized late, the weighted odds ratio of survival was 1.92 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.80 to 2.05), of recovering outdoor ambulation was 1.25 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.51), and of recovering indoor ambulation was 1.53 (95% CI 1.32 to 1.78) by 30 days. The weighted probabilities of survival at 30 days post-admission were 95.9% (95% CI 95.7% to 96.0%) for those who mobilized early and 92.4% (95% CI 92.0% to 92.8%) for those who mobilized late. The weighted probabilities of regaining the ability to walk outdoors were 9.7% (95% CI 9.2% to 10.2%) and indoors 81.2% (95% CI 80.0% to 82.4%), for those who mobilized early, and 7.9% (95% CI 6.6% to 9.2%) and 73.8% (95% CI 71.3% to 76.2%), respectively, for those who mobilized late. Patients with dementia were less likely to mobilize early despite observed associations with survival and ambulation recovery for those with and without dementia. Conclusion Early mobilization is associated with survival and recovery for patients (with and without dementia) after hip fracture. Early mobilization should be incorporated as a measured indicator of quality. Reasons for failure to mobilize early should also be recorded to inform quality improvement initiatives. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(7):1317–1324.

scholarly journals Impact of digitally acquired peer diagnostic input on diagnostic confidence in outpatient cases: A pragmatic randomized trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine C Khoong ◽  
Valy Fontil ◽  
Natalie A Rivadeneira ◽  
Mekhala Hoskote ◽  
Shantanu Nundy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Diagnostic Confidence ◽  
Diagnostic Uncertainty ◽  
Intervention Impact ◽  
High Uncertainty

Abstract Objective The study sought to evaluate if peer input on outpatient cases impacted diagnostic confidence. Materials and Methods This randomized trial of a peer input intervention occurred among 28 clinicians with case-level randomization. Encounters with diagnostic uncertainty were entered onto a digital platform to collect input from ≥5 clinicians. The primary outcome was diagnostic confidence. We used mixed-effects logistic regression analyses to assess for intervention impact on diagnostic confidence. Results Among the 509 cases (255 control; 254 intervention), the intervention did not impact confidence (odds ratio [OR], 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.999-2.12), but after adjusting for clinician and case traits, the intervention was associated with higher confidence (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.01-2.32). The intervention impact was greater in cases with high uncertainty (OR, 3.23; 95% CI, 1.09- 9.52). Conclusions Peer input increased diagnostic confidence primarily in high-uncertainty cases, consistent with findings that clinicians desire input primarily in cases with continued uncertainty.

scholarly journals Effect of fluid administration on scene to traffic accident patients by EMS personnel: a propensity score-matched study using population-based ambulance records and nationwide trauma registry in Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Katayama ◽  
Tetsuhisa Kitamura ◽  
Kosuke Kiyohara ◽  
Kenichiro Ishida ◽  
Tomoya Hirose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Arrest ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Fluid Administration ◽  
Secondary Outcome

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to assess the effect of fluid administration by emergency life-saving technicians (ELST) on the prognosis of traffic accident patients by using a propensity score (PS)-matching method. Methods The study included traffic accident patients registered in the JTDB database from January 2016 to December 2017. The main outcome was hospital mortality, and the secondary outcome was cardiopulmonary arrest on hospital arrival (CPAOA). To reduce potential confounding effects in the comparisons between two groups, we estimated a propensity score (PS) by fitting a logistic regression model that was adjusted for 17 variables before the implementation of fluid administration by ELST at the scene. Results During the study period, 10,908 traffic accident patients were registered in the JTDB database, and we included 3502 patients in this study. Of these patients, 142 were administered fluid by ELST and 3360 were not administered fluid by ELST. After PS matching, 141 patients were selected from each group. In the PS-matched model, fluid administration by ELST at the scene was not associated with discharge to death (crude OR: 0.859 [95% CI, 0.500–1.475]; p = 0.582). However, the fluid group showed statistically better outcome for CPAOA than the no fluid group in the multiple logistic regression model (adjusted OR: 0.231 [95% CI, 0.055–0.967]; p = 0.045). Conclusion In this study, fluid administration to traffic accident patients by ELST was associated not with hospital mortality but with a lower proportion of CPAOA.

scholarly journals Effect of Preoperative Urodynamic Study on Urinary Outcomes after Transobturator Sling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Rincon Cintra da Cruz ◽  
Aderivaldo Cabral Dias Filho ◽  
Gabriel Nardi Furtado ◽  
Rhaniellen Silva Ferreira ◽  
Ceres Nunes Resende
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Stress Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Urinary Continence ◽  
Urodynamic Study ◽  
Transobturator Sling ◽  
Continence Status ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Objective To evaluate whether performing preoperative urodynamic study influences postoperative urinary symptoms of women with stress urinary incontinence that underwent transobturator sling. Methods Retrospective analysis of patients treated for stress urinary incontinence by transobturator sling from August 2011 to October 2018. Predictor variables included preoperative urodynamic study, age, incontinence severity, body mass index, preoperative storage symptoms and previous anti-urinary incontinence procedure. Outcome variables were postoperative subjective continence status, storage symptoms and complications. Logistic regression after propensity score was employed to compare outcomes between patients who underwent or not pre-operative urodynamic study. Results The present study included 88 patients with an average follow-up of 269 days. Most patients (n = 52; 59.1%) described storage symptoms other than stress urinary incontinence, and 38 patients (43.2%) underwent preoperative urodynamic studies. Logistic regression after propensity score did not reveal an association between urinary continence outcomes and performance of preoperative urodynamic study (odds ratio 0.57; confidence interval [CI]: 0.11–2.49). Among women that did not undergo urodynamic study, there was a subjective improvement in urinary incontinence in 92% of the cases versus 87% in those that underwent urodynamic study (p = 0.461). Furthermore, postoperative storage symptoms were similar between women who did not undergo urodynamic study and those who underwent urodynamic study, 13.2% versus 18.4%, respectively (p = 0.753). Conclusion Preoperative urodynamic study had no impact on urinary incontinence cure outcomes as well as on urinary storage symptoms after the transobturator sling in women with stress urinary incontinence.

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