scholarly journals Marginalized models for longitudinal ordinal data with application to quality of life studies

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (21) ◽  
pp. 4359-4380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keunbaik Lee ◽  
Michael J. Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Ordinal Data ◽  
Marginalized Models

scholarly journals Joint Modeling of  Longitudinal Ordinal Data on  Quality of Life and Survival

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kemmawadee Preedalikit
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Ordinal Data ◽  
Likelihood Function ◽  
Joint Model ◽  
Hiv Progression ◽  
Bayesian Joint Model ◽  
Lower Hazard

<p>Joint models for longitudinal and survival data have been widely discussed in the literature. This thesis proposes a joint model using a stereotype model for the longitudinal ordinal responses and a Cox proportional hazards model for survival time. Our current joint model has a new feature since no literature has examined the joint model under the stereotype model. The stereotype model can improve the fit by adding extra score parameters, but it still has the advantage of requiring only a single parameter to describe the effect of a predictor on the item response levels. We give an example to model longitudinal ordinal data and survival data for patients being followed up after treatments. The main focus is on modeling both the quality of life data and the survival data simultaneously with a goal of understanding the association between the two processes over time. These two models are linked through a latent variable that characterizes the quality of life of an individual and is assumed to underlie the hazard rate. In other words, the latent variable serves as a shared variable in the joint model. We present the joint model in two different aspects: one based on a Bayesian approach and the other one a semiparametric approach using the EM algorithm. For the Bayesian approach, the latent variable is treated as a continuous variable and is assumed to have a multivariate normal distribution. The partial survival likelihood function is used in the survival component of the Bayesian joint model, while the full likelihood function is considered in the semiparametric joint model. In the latter approach the baseline hazard is assumed to be a step function and has no parametric form. The latent variable in the semiparametric joint model is then treated as a discrete variable. We illustrate our methodologies by analyzing data from the Staccato study, a randomized trial to compare two treatment methods, for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection of Thai patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), in which the quality of life was assessed with a HIV Medical Outcome Study (MOS-HIV) questionnaire. Furthermore, we extend the study further to the case of multiple failure types in the survival component. Thus, the extension of the joint model consists of the stereotype model and the competing risks model. The Bayesian method is employed to estimate all unknown parameters in this extended joint model. The results we obtained are consistent for both the Bayesian joint model and the semiparametric joint model. Both models show that patients who had a better quality of life were associated with a lower hazard of HIV progression. Patients on continuous treatment also had a lower hazard of HIV progression compared with patients on CD4-guided interruption treatment.</p>

scholarly journals Inequality and Welfare in Quality of Life Among OECD Countries: Non-parametric Treatment of Ordinal Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martyna Kobus ◽  
Olga Półchłopek ◽  
Gaston Yalonetzky
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Ordinal Data ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Non Parametric

scholarly journals Joint Modeling of  Longitudinal Ordinal Data on  Quality of Life and Survival

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kemmawadee Preedalikit
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Ordinal Data ◽  
Likelihood Function ◽  
Joint Model ◽  
Hiv Progression ◽  
Bayesian Joint Model ◽  
Lower Hazard

<p>Joint models for longitudinal and survival data have been widely discussed in the literature. This thesis proposes a joint model using a stereotype model for the longitudinal ordinal responses and a Cox proportional hazards model for survival time. Our current joint model has a new feature since no literature has examined the joint model under the stereotype model. The stereotype model can improve the fit by adding extra score parameters, but it still has the advantage of requiring only a single parameter to describe the effect of a predictor on the item response levels. We give an example to model longitudinal ordinal data and survival data for patients being followed up after treatments. The main focus is on modeling both the quality of life data and the survival data simultaneously with a goal of understanding the association between the two processes over time. These two models are linked through a latent variable that characterizes the quality of life of an individual and is assumed to underlie the hazard rate. In other words, the latent variable serves as a shared variable in the joint model. We present the joint model in two different aspects: one based on a Bayesian approach and the other one a semiparametric approach using the EM algorithm. For the Bayesian approach, the latent variable is treated as a continuous variable and is assumed to have a multivariate normal distribution. The partial survival likelihood function is used in the survival component of the Bayesian joint model, while the full likelihood function is considered in the semiparametric joint model. In the latter approach the baseline hazard is assumed to be a step function and has no parametric form. The latent variable in the semiparametric joint model is then treated as a discrete variable. We illustrate our methodologies by analyzing data from the Staccato study, a randomized trial to compare two treatment methods, for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection of Thai patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), in which the quality of life was assessed with a HIV Medical Outcome Study (MOS-HIV) questionnaire. Furthermore, we extend the study further to the case of multiple failure types in the survival component. Thus, the extension of the joint model consists of the stereotype model and the competing risks model. The Bayesian method is employed to estimate all unknown parameters in this extended joint model. The results we obtained are consistent for both the Bayesian joint model and the semiparametric joint model. Both models show that patients who had a better quality of life were associated with a lower hazard of HIV progression. Patients on continuous treatment also had a lower hazard of HIV progression compared with patients on CD4-guided interruption treatment.</p>

scholarly journals Analysing a quality‐of‐life survey by using a coclustering model for ordinal data and some dynamic implications

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 1327-1349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margot Selosse ◽  
Julien Jacques ◽  
Christophe Biernacki ◽  
Florence Cousson‐Gélie
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Ordinal Data

Self-Compassion and Quality of Life in Adults Who Stutter

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 2097-2108
Author(s):  
Robyn L. Croft ◽  
Courtney T. Byrd
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
The Self ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Adults Who Stutter ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify levels of self-compassion in adults who do and do not stutter and to determine whether self-compassion predicts the impact of stuttering on quality of life in adults who stutter. Method Participants included 140 adults who do and do not stutter matched for age and gender. All participants completed the Self-Compassion Scale. Adults who stutter also completed the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering. Data were analyzed for self-compassion differences between and within adults who do and do not stutter and to predict self-compassion on quality of life in adults who stutter. Results Adults who do and do not stutter exhibited no significant differences in total self-compassion, regardless of participant gender. A simple linear regression of the total self-compassion score and total Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering score showed a significant, negative linear relationship of self-compassion predicting the impact of stuttering on quality of life. Conclusions Data suggest that higher levels of self-kindness, mindfulness, and social connectedness (i.e., self-compassion) are related to reduced negative reactions to stuttering, an increased participation in daily communication situations, and an improved overall quality of life. Future research should replicate current findings and identify moderators of the self-compassion–quality of life relationship.

Misophonia: An Evidence-Based Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-690
Author(s):  
C. S. Vanaja ◽  
Miriam Soni Abigail
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Case History ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Management Option ◽  
Pure Tone Audiogram

Purpose Misophonia is a sound tolerance disorder condition in certain sounds that trigger intense emotional or physiological responses. While some persons may experience misophonia, a few patients suffer from misophonia. However, there is a dearth of literature on audiological assessment and management of persons with misophonia. The purpose of this report is to discuss the assessment of misophonia and highlight the management option that helped a patient with misophonia. Method A case study of a 26-year-old woman with the complaint of decreased tolerance to specific sounds affecting quality of life is reported. Audiological assessment differentiated misophonia from hyperacusis. Management included retraining counseling as well as desensitization and habituation therapy based on the principles described by P. J. Jastreboff and Jastreboff (2014). A misophonia questionnaire was administered at regular intervals to monitor the effectiveness of therapy. Results A detailed case history and audiological evaluations including pure-tone audiogram and Johnson Hyperacusis Index revealed the presence of misophonia. The patient benefitted from intervention, and the scores of the misophonia questionnaire indicated a decrease in the severity of the problem. Conclusions It is important to differentially diagnose misophonia and hyperacusis in persons with sound tolerance disorders. Retraining counseling as well as desensitization and habituation therapy can help patients who suffer from misophonia.

Quality of Life of Youth With Hearing Loss

ASHA Leader ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (15) ◽  
pp. 5-6
Author(s):  
Anne Skalicky ◽  
Brenda Schick ◽  
Donald Patrick
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Hearing Loss

Thinking Beyond Language: Intervention for Severe Aphasia

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Simmons-Mackie
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Communication Training ◽  
Language Intervention ◽  
Specific Training ◽  
Environmental Support ◽  
Total Communication ◽  
Communication Partners

Abstract Purpose: This article addresses several intervention approaches that aim to improve life for individuals with severe aphasia. Because severe aphasia significantly compromises language, often for the long term, recommended approaches focus on additional domains that affect quality of life. Treatments are discussed that involve increasing participation in personally relevant life situations, enhancing environmental support for communication and participation, and improving communicative confidence. Methods: Interventions that have been suggested in the aphasia literature as particularly appropriate for people with severe aphasia include training in total communication, training of communication partners, and activity specific training. Conclusion: Several intervention approaches can be implemented to enhance life with severe aphasia.

Chronic Refractory Cough: A Case Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Siciliano
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Chronic Cough ◽  
Treatment Regime ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Old Adult ◽  
Language Pathology

This paper presents a successful behavioral case study in treatment of chronic refractory cough in a 60-year-old adult female. The efficacy for speech-language pathology treating chronic cough is discussed along with description of treatment regime. Discussion focuses on therapy approaches used and the patient's report of changes in quality of life and frequency, duration, and severity reduction of her cough after treatment.

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