Abstract
Objectives
To describe plasma residual HIV viraemia, cellular HIV reservoir size, blood plasma drug concentrations and their male genital tract penetration during the maintenance dual therapy dolutegravir + lamivudine.
Patients and methods
ANRS167 LAMIDOL enrolled 104 virologically suppressed patients to switch to dolutegravir + lamivudine. In this pharmacovirological substudy, ultrasensitive plasma viral load (USpVL) and plasma drug concentrations were measured at Day 0 (D0), Week 24 (W24) and W48 of dolutegravir + lamivudine, and HIV-DNA was measured at W−8 and W48. Semen samples were collected at D0 and W24 from 18 participants. Total and unbound blood and seminal plasma drug concentrations were measured using UPLC–MS/MS.
Results
Median HIV-DNA was 2.5 log10 copies/106 PBMC (IQR = 2.2–3.0, n = 100) at W−8 and 2.4 log10 copies/106 PBMC (IQR = 2.1–2.9, n = 100) at W48 (P = 0.17). The proportion of patients with undetected USpVL was 38% (n = 98), 43% (n = 98) and 49% (n = 97) at D0, W24 and W48, respectively (P = 0.08). Total and unbound plasma dolutegravir concentrations were stable between timepoints (P = 0.13) and all total plasma dolutegravir concentrations except one were adequate. Median free fraction of dolutegravir in plasma was 0.21%. Median blood plasma and seminal plasma concentrations of total dolutegravir at 24 h were 1812 ng/mL and 206 ng/mL, respectively. Median seminal plasma/blood plasma total concentration ratios were 11.6% and 2478% for dolutegravir and lamivudine, respectively. HIV-RNA (365 to 475 copies/mL) was detected in seminal plasma of one patient at D0 (5.9%) and of two patients at W24 (11.8%).
Conclusions
These findings add further important information regarding the effectiveness of dolutegravir + lamivudine maintenance dual therapy in terms of plasma residual viraemia, cellular reservoir size and drug penetration in the male genital tract.
A mechanistic latent variable model for estimating drug concentrations in the male genital tract: A case study in drug kinetics