Estimation of genetic and environmental factors for melanoma onset using population-based family data

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (18) ◽  
pp. 3110-3123 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Lindström ◽  
Y. Pawitan ◽  
M. Reilly ◽  
K. Hemminki ◽  
P. Lichtenstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Family Data ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

scholarly journals Identification of Environmental Risk Factors Associated With the Development of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1662-1671
Author(s):  
Kimberley W J van der Sloot ◽  
Rinse K Weersma ◽  
Behrooz Z Alizadeh ◽  
Gerard Dijkstra
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Disease Aetiology ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Abstract Background and Aims Multiple genetic and environmental factors are involved in the aetiology of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] including Crohn’s disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC], but data on these exposome factors are difficult to identify. Several exposome factors such as smoking have been shown to be involved; as for other environmental factors, eg stress, results have been conflicting. Methods We performed a case-control study including 674 IBD patients of the 1000IBD cohort, frequency-matched based on sex and age with 1348 controls from the population-based Lifelines Cohort Study. Exposome data were obtained using the validated Groningen IBD Environmental Questionnaire [GIEQ], capturing exposome factors through different stages of life using 844 items, of which 454 were applicable to study the role of 93 exposome factors in disease aetiology. Logistic regression [LR] modelling with Bonferroni correction for multiple testing was applied to estimate the multivariable-adjusted effect of each exposome factor. Results For IBD, we identified four novel factors: stressful life events (CD odds ratio [OR] 2.61/UC OR 2.92), high perceived stress [2.29/2.67], alcohol use [0.40/0.43], and bronchial hyper-reactivity [3.04/2.36]. Four novel factors were associated with only CD: prenatal smoke exposure [1.89], having a bed partner [0.53], allergies [2.66], and cow’s milk hypersensitivity [5.87]; and two solely with UC: carpet flooring [0.57] and neuroticism [1.32]. Nine factors were replicated. Conclusions In this study we identified 10 novel, and replicated nine previously reported, exposome factors associated with IBD. Identifying these factors is important for both understanding disease aetiology and future prevention strategies to decrease the development of IBD in genetically susceptible persons.

A longitudinal study of personality and major depression in a population-based sample of male twins

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 1163-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
AYMAN H. FANOUS ◽  
MICHAEL C. NEALE ◽  
STEVEN H. AGGEN ◽  
KENNETH S. KENDLER
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Twin Model ◽  
Genetic Overlap ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
One Year ◽  
Time To Onset

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe relationship between personality and psychiatric illness is complex. It is not clear whether one directly causes the other.MethodIn a population-based sample of male twins (n=3030), we attempted to predict major depression (MD) from neuroticism (N) and extraversion (E) and vice versa, to evaluate the causal, scar, state, and prodromal hypotheses. In a longitudinal, structural equation twin model, we decomposed the covariation between N and MD into (a) genetic and environmental factors that are common to both traits, as well as specific to each one and (b) direct causal effects of N at time 1 on subsequent MD, as well as between MD and subsequent N.ResultsE was negatively correlated with lifetime and one-year prevalence of MD. N predicted the new onset of MD, and was predicted by both current and past MD. It did not predict the time to onset of MD. All of the covariation between N and MD was due to additive genetic and individual-specific environmental factors shared by both traits and a direct causal path between MD and N assessed later. No genetic factors were unique to either trait.ConclusionsIn men, N may be a vulnerability factor for MD but does not cause it directly. However, MD may have a direct causal effect on N. The genetic overlap between N and MD in men may be greater than in women.

Muscle Dissatisfaction and Muscle-Enhancing Substance Use: A Population-Based Twin Study in Young Adult Men

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu Raevuori ◽  
Anna Keski-Rahkonen ◽  
Richard J. Rose ◽  
Aila Rissanen ◽  
Jaakko Kaprio
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Tetrachoric Correlation ◽  
Polychoric Correlation ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Best Fit

AbstractIn the population-based FinnTwin16 study, proportions of genetic and environmental factors contributing to muscle dissatisfaction and muscle-enhancing substance use were assessed in 319 pairs of twin brothers: 141 monozygotic (MZ) and 178 dizygotic (DZ) pairs. In addition there were 86 twin individuals from pairs in which only one co-twin responded. Of all respondents, 30% experienced high muscle dissatisfaction. The corresponding proportion of muscle-enhancing substance use was 10%. The subjects were similar in age (23.8 years, 95% confidence interval [CI] 23.76–23.84), body mass index (23.7, 95% CI 23.5–23.9), and waist circumference (84.5 cm, 95% CI 83.7–85.2), independent of their muscle dissatisfaction or muscle-enhancing substance use status and independent of their zygosity. The MZ polychoric correlation for muscle dissatisfaction was .39 (95% CI .17–.58) and .27 for DZ pairs (95% CI .07–.46). The MZ tetrachoric correlation for muscle-enhancing substance use was .65 (95% CI .28–.87) and .56 for DZ pairs (95% CI .26–.78). The AE model, where additive genetic factors (A) accounted for 42% (95% CI .23–.59) and unique environmental factors (E) 58% (95% CI .41–.77) of the liability, provided the best fit for muscle dissatisfaction. The CE model, where common environmental factors (C) accounted for 60% (95% CI .37–.77) and unique environmental factors (E) 40% (95% CI .23–.63) of the liability, provided the best fit for muscle-enhancing substance use. Both genetic and unique (nonfamilial) environmental factors are involved in muscle dissatisfaction in the population. Nongenetic factors (both familial and non-familial) appear to best explain the use of muscle-enhancing substances.

scholarly journals The structure of genetic and environmental risk factors for phobias in women

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1987-1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Czajkowski ◽  
K. S. Kendler ◽  
K. Tambs ◽  
E. Røysamb ◽  
T. Reichborn-Kjennerud
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Population Based ◽  
The Other ◽  
Twin Model ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Twin Models ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

BackgroundTo explore the genetic and environmental factors underlying the co-occurrence of lifetime diagnoses of DSM-IV phobia.MethodFemale twins (n=1430) from the population-based Norwegian Institute of Public Health Twin Panel were assessed at personal interview for DSM-IV lifetime specific phobia, social phobia and agoraphobia. Comorbidity between the phobias were assessed by odds ratios (ORs) and polychoric correlations and multivariate twin models were fitted in Mx.ResultsPhenotypic correlations of lifetime phobia diagnoses ranged from 0.55 (agoraphobia and social phobia, OR 10.95) to 0.06 (animal phobia and social phobia, OR 1.21). In the best fitting twin model, which did not include shared environmental factors, heritability estimates for the phobias ranged from 0.43 to 0.63. Comorbidity between the phobias was accounted for by two common liability factors. The first loaded principally on animal phobia and did not influence the complex phobias (agoraphobia and social phobia). The second liability factor strongly influenced the complex phobias, but also loaded weak to moderate on all the other phobias. Blood phobia was mainly influenced by a specific genetic factor, which accounted for 51% of the total and 81% of the genetic variance.ConclusionsPhobias are highly co-morbid and heritable. Our results suggest that the co-morbidity between phobias is best explained by two distinct liability factors rather than a single factor, as has been assumed in most previous multivariate twin analyses. One of these factors was specific to the simple phobias, while the other was more general. Blood phobia was mainly influenced by disorder specific genetic factors.

Genetic and environmental factors in the aetiology of menstrual, premenstrual and neurotic symptoms: a population-based twin study

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Kendler ◽  
J. L. Silberg ◽  
M. C. Neale ◽  
R. C. Kessler ◽  
A. C. Heath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Premenstrual Symptoms ◽  
Menstrual Symptoms ◽  
Multivariate Genetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Population Based Registry ◽  
Anxiety Depression

SYNOPSISSymptoms during the premenstrual and menstrual phases of the female reproductive cycle were assessed in 827 pairs of female same-sex twins from a population-based registry. By conventional factor analysis, premenstrual and menstrual symptoms were relatively independent of one another and of baseline ‘neurotic’ symptoms (i.e. anxiety, depression and somatization). Familial resemblance for menstrual and premenstrual symptoms was due solely to genetic factors with heritability estimates of 39·2% and 35·1%, respectively. Multivariate genetic analysis revealed distinct genetic and environmental factors for menstrual, premenstrual and neurotic symptoms. The genes and individual-specific experiences that predispose to premenstrual symptoms appear to be largely distinct from those which predispose either to menstrual or to neurotic symptoms. The generalizability of these results may be limited because only a modest number of premenstrual and menstrual symptoms were assessed, all by retrospective self-report.

Genetic and environmental factors in epilepsy: a population-based study of 11 900 Danish twin pairs

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 167-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Juel Kjeldsen ◽  
Kirsten Ohm Kyvik ◽  
Kaare Christensen ◽  
Mogens Laue Friis
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Danish Twin

Bulimia nervosa and major depression: a study of common genetic and environmental factors

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen E. Walters ◽  
Michael C. Neale ◽  
Lindon J. Eaves ◽  
Andrew C. Heath ◽  
Ronald C. Kessler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

SynopsisA genetic analysis of the co-occurrence of bulimia and major depression (MD) was performed on 1033 female twin pairs obtained from a population based register. Personal interviews were conducted and clinical diagnoses made according to DSM-III-R criteria.Additive genes, but not family environment, are found to play an important aetiological role in both bulimia and MD. The genetic liabilities of the two disorders are correlated 0·456. While unique environmental factors account for around half of the variation in liability to both bulimia and MD, these risk factors appear to be unrelated, i.e., each disorder has its own set of unique environmental risk factors. Thus, the genetic liability of bulimia and MD is neither highly specific nor entirely nonspecific. There is some genetic correlation between the two disorders as well as some genetic and environmental risk factors unique to each disorder. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Autistic-like traits and their association with mental health problems in two nationwide twin cohorts of children and adults

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 2423-2433 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Lundström ◽  
Z. Chang ◽  
N. Kerekes ◽  
C. H. Gumpert ◽  
M. Råstam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

BackgroundAutistic-like traits (ALTs), that is restrictions in intuitive social interaction, communication and flexibility of interests and behaviors, were studied in two population-based Swedish twin studies, one in children and one in adults: (1) to examine whether the variability in ALTs is a meaningful risk factor for concomitant attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, conduct problems, depression and substance abuse, and (2) to assess whether common genetic and environmental susceptibilities can help to explain co-existence of ALTs and traits associated with such concomitant problems.MethodTwo nationwide twin cohorts from Sweden (consisting of 11 222 children and 18 349 adults) were assessed by DSM-based symptom algorithms for autism. The twins were divided into six groups based on their degree of ALTs and the risk for concomitant mental health problems was calculated for each group. Genetic and environmental susceptibilities common to ALTs and the other problem types were examined using bivariate twin modeling.ResultsIn both cohorts, even the lowest degree of ALTs increased the risk for all other types of mental health problems, and these risk estimates increased monotonically with the number of ALTs. For all conditions, common genetic and environmental factors could be discerned. Overall, the phenotypic correlation between ALTs and the traits examined were less pronounced in adulthood than in childhood and less affected by genetic compared with environmental factors.ConclusionsEven low-grade ALTs are relevant to clinical psychiatry as they increase the risk for several heterotypical mental health problems. The association is influenced partly by common genetic and environmental susceptibilities. Attention to co-existing ALTs is warranted in research on a wide range of mental disorders.

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