Surface characterization of float glass related to changes in the optical properties after reheating

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuo Hayashi ◽  
Ryoji Akiyama ◽  
Masahiro Kudo
2015 ◽  
Vol 582 ◽  
pp. 203-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Crovetto ◽  
Andrea Cazzaniga ◽  
Rebecca B. Ettlinger ◽  
Jørgen Schou ◽  
Ole Hansen

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2067-2071
Author(s):  
R E Imhof ◽  
D J S Birch ◽  
R M S Bindra ◽  
P H Willson ◽  
J Locke ◽  
...  

2005 ◽  
Vol 351 (27-29) ◽  
pp. 2341-2347 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.K. Tiwari ◽  
M.H. Modi ◽  
G.S. Lodha ◽  
A.K. Sinha ◽  
K.J.S. Sawhney ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 3946
Author(s):  
Pasquale Sellitto ◽  
Silvia Bucci ◽  
Bernard Legras

Clouds in the tropics have an important role in the energy budget, atmospheric circulation, humidity, and composition of the tropical-to-global upper-troposphere–lower-stratosphere. Due to its non-sun-synchronous orbit, the Cloud–Aerosol Transport System (CATS) onboard the International Space Station (ISS) provided novel information on clouds from space in terms of overpass time in the period of 2015–2017. In this paper, we provide a seasonally resolved comparison of CATS characterization of high clouds (between 13 and 18 km altitude) in the tropics with well-established CALIPSO (Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) data, both in terms of clouds’ occurrence and cloud optical properties (optical depth). Despite the fact that cloud statistics for CATS and CALIOP are generated using intrinsically different local overpass times, the characterization of high clouds occurrence and optical properties in the tropics with the two instruments is very similar. Observations from CATS underestimate clouds occurrence (up to 80%, at 18 km) and overestimate the occurrence of very thick clouds (up to 100% for optically very thick clouds, at 18 km) at higher altitudes. Thus, the description of stratospheric overshoots with CATS and CALIOP might be different. While this study hints at the consistency of CATS and CALIOP clouds characterizaton, the small differences highlighted in this work should be taken into account when using CATS for estimating cloud properties and their variability in the tropics.


Langmuir ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (17) ◽  
pp. 9500-9507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Kolbeck ◽  
Manuela Killian ◽  
Florian Maier ◽  
Natalia Paape ◽  
Peter Wasserscheid ◽  
...  

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