A comparison of color coordinate systems using color classification and image segmentation results of humans

2005 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 93-105
Author(s):  
Keiko Takahashi ◽  
Masaki Matsuura ◽  
Takahiro Sugiyama ◽  
Keichi Abe
Keyword(s):  
Image Segmentation ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Color Classification ◽  
Color Coordinate

scholarly journals A CIELAB Color Classification Scheme for Poinsettias

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 456F-456
Author(s):  
Bernard B. Bible ◽  
Richard J. McAvoy
Keyword(s):  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Color Classification ◽  
Consumer Ratings ◽  
Color Coordinate ◽  
Hue Angle ◽  
L Value ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Similar Evaluation ◽  
Cielab Color

Forty-two poinsettia cultivars were grown as a 15-cm single-plant pinched crop at 21/16.5°C (day/night) temperatures during Fall 1995 with standard commercial practices for irrigating, fertilizing, and pest control. On 7 Dec., 156 consumers rated the cultivars for their overall appeal. On 11 Dec., color coordinate (CIELAB) readings for bracts and leaves were taken with a Minolta 200b colorimeter. The colorimeter was set to illuminate C and has a 8-mm aperture. Bracts and leaves were placed on a white tile background for colorimetric readings. In 1996, a similar evaluation was conducted with 55 poinsettia cultivars. Using the L-value of leaves as a criterion, cultivars were separated into medium green-leafed and dark green-leafed groupings. For bracts among the red types, hue angle values were used to separate cultivars into cool red types (hue angle ≈20–22°) and warm red types (hue angle ≈24–25°). Based on the 1995 study, cultivars within the cool red bracts and dark green foliage group—those that were darker, duller red (lower L and chroma)—were less attractive (lower consumer ratings) than lighter, more-vivid red cultivars. For cultivars within the cool red bracts and medium green foliage group, consumers preferred the darker duller red cultivars. Perhaps dark foliage gives a more pleasing contrast with the more vivid cool reds than does the medium green foliage. In general, consumers rated red cultivars hire than non-red cultivars.

scholarly journals K-Hyperline Clustering-Based Color Image Segmentation Robust to Illumination Changes

Symmetry ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senquan Yang ◽  
Pu Li ◽  
HaoXiang Wen ◽  
Yuan Xie ◽  
Zhaoshui He
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Image Segmentation ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Clustering Algorithms ◽  
Color Image Segmentation ◽  
Color Classification ◽  
Clustering Problem ◽  
Illumination Changes ◽  
Segmentation Approach

Color image segmentation is very important in the field of image processing as it is commonly used for image semantic recognition, image searching, video surveillance or other applications. Although clustering algorithms have been successfully applied for image segmentation, conventional clustering algorithms such as K-means clustering algorithms are not sufficiently robust to illumination changes, which is common in real-world environments. Motivated by the observation that the RGB value distributions of the same color under different illuminations are located in an identical hyperline, we formulate color classification as a hyperline clustering problem. We then propose a K-hyperline clustering algorithm-based color image segmentation approach. Experiments on both synthetic and real images demonstrate the outstanding performance and robustness of the proposed algorithm as compared to existing clustering algorithms.

Reference Coordinate System Requirements for Geophysics

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
P. L. Bender
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Polar Motion ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Angular Motion ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Axis Of Rotation ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Fixed System

AbstractFive important geodynamical quantities which are closely linked are: 1) motions of points on the Earth’s surface; 2)polar motion; 3) changes in UT1-UTC; 4) nutation; and 5) motion of the geocenter. For each of these we expect to achieve measurements in the near future which have an accuracy of 1 to 3 cm or 0.3 to 1 milliarcsec.From a metrological point of view, one can say simply: “Measure each quantity against whichever coordinate system you can make the most accurate measurements with respect to”. I believe that this statement should serve as a guiding principle for the recommendations of the colloquium. However, it also is important that the coordinate systems help to provide a clear separation between the different phenomena of interest, and correspond closely to the conceptual definitions in terms of which geophysicists think about the phenomena.In any discussion of angular motion in space, both a “body-fixed” system and a “space-fixed” system are used. Some relevant types of coordinate systems, reference directions, or reference points which have been considered are: 1) celestial systems based on optical star catalogs, distant galaxies, radio source catalogs, or the Moon and inner planets; 2) the Earth’s axis of rotation, which defines a line through the Earth as well as a celestial reference direction; 3) the geocenter; and 4) “quasi-Earth-fixed” coordinate systems.When a geophysicists discusses UT1 and polar motion, he usually is thinking of the angular motion of the main part of the mantle with respect to an inertial frame and to the direction of the spin axis. Since the velocities of relative motion in most of the mantle are expectd to be extremely small, even if “substantial” deep convection is occurring, the conceptual “quasi-Earth-fixed” reference frame seems well defined. Methods for realizing a close approximation to this frame fortunately exist. Hopefully, this colloquium will recommend procedures for establishing and maintaining such a system for use in geodynamics. Motion of points on the Earth’s surface and of the geocenter can be measured against such a system with the full accuracy of the new techniques.The situation with respect to celestial reference frames is different. The various measurement techniques give changes in the orientation of the Earth, relative to different systems, so that we would like to know the relative motions of the systems in order to compare the results. However, there does not appear to be a need for defining any new system. Subjective figures of merit for the various system dependon both the accuracy with which measurements can be made against them and the degree to which they can be related to inertial systems.The main coordinate system requirement related to the 5 geodynamic quantities discussed in this talk is thus for the establishment and maintenance of a “quasi-Earth-fixed” coordinate system which closely approximates the motion of the main part of the mantle. Changes in the orientation of this system with respect to the various celestial systems can be determined by both the new and the conventional techniques, provided that some knowledge of changes in the local vertical is available. Changes in the axis of rotation and in the geocenter with respect to this system also can be obtained, as well as measurements of nutation.

2.2. Working Group 2: Conceptual Definitions of Reference Coordinate Systems for Earth Dynamics

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Working Group ◽  
General Character ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Reference Coordinate System ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Earth Dynamics

An ideal definition of a reference coordinate system should meet the following general requirements:1. It should be as conceptually simple as possible, so its philosophy is well understood by the users.2. It should imply as few physical assumptions as possible. Wherever they are necessary, such assumptions should be of a very general character and, in particular, they should not be dependent upon astronomical and geophysical detailed theories.3. It should suggest a materialization that is dynamically stable and is accessible to observations with the required accuracy.

Note on Selection of Coordinate Systems for Geodynamics

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 395-407
Author(s):  
S. Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The One ◽  
Static Systems ◽  
Selection Of

The first question to be answered, in seeking coordinate systems for geodynamics, is: what is geodynamics? The answer is, of course, that geodynamics is that part of geophysics which is concerned with movements of the Earth, as opposed to geostatics which is the physics of the stationary Earth. But as far as we know, there is no stationary Earth – epur sic monere. So geodynamics is actually coextensive with geophysics, and coordinate systems suitable for the one should be suitable for the other. At the present time, there are not many coordinate systems, if any, that can be identified with a static Earth. Certainly the only coordinate of aeronomic (atmospheric) interest is the height, and this is usually either as geodynamic height or as pressure. In oceanology, the most important coordinate is depth, and this, like heights in the atmosphere, is expressed as metric depth from mean sea level, as geodynamic depth, or as pressure. Only for the earth do we find “static” systems in use, ana even here there is real question as to whether the systems are dynamic or static. So it would seem that our answer to the question, of what kind, of coordinate systems are we seeking, must be that we are looking for the same systems as are used in geophysics, and these systems are dynamic in nature already – that is, their definition involvestime.

The Role of VLBI in the Establishment of Coordinate Systems

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 293-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Zhongolovitch
Keyword(s):  
General Solution ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Radio Telescopes ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
Optical Instruments ◽  
Fundamental Polyhedron

Considering the future development and general solution of the problem under consideration and also the high precision attainable by astronomical observations, the following procedure may be the most rational approach:1. On the main tectonic plates of the Earth’s crust, powerful movable radio telescopes should be mounted at the same points where standard optical instruments are installed. There should be two stations separated by a distance of about 6 to 8000 kilometers on each plate. Thus, we obtain a fundamental polyhedron embracing the whole Earth with about 10 to 12 apexes, and with its sides represented by VLBI.

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