An accurate approximation for the highly efficient sampling of polar scattering angle of electron elastic single-scattering events

Scanning ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 333-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Pasciak ◽  
John R. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Single Scattering ◽  
Accurate Approximation ◽  
Scattering Angle ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Efficient Sampling ◽  
Scattering Events

scholarly journals Investigation of the liquid density using Gamma scattering technique

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (T1) ◽  
pp. 106-113
Author(s):  
Kien Thach Trung Vo ◽  
Tam Duc Hoang ◽  
Nguyen Hoang Vo ◽  
Chuong Dinh Huynh ◽  
Thanh Thien Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Scattering ◽  
Density Measurement ◽  
Single Scattering ◽  
Photon Beam ◽  
Scattered Photon ◽  
Liquid Density ◽  
Scattering Angle ◽  
Testing Sample ◽  
Scattering Technique

In this work, a gamma scattering technique using 137Cs (5mCi) source with the NaI(Tl) detector is arranged to record the scattered photon beam at scattering angle of 1200 for investigating the liquid density. We used standard liquid such as water, H2SO4, HCl, glycerol, HNO3, ethanol and A92 petrol to fit the single scattering peak, multiple scattering, and total counts versus standard liquid densities. The interpolating of the single scattering peak, multiple scattering, and total counts of the testing sample at scattering angle of 1200 is 0.702 g.cm-3, 0.783 g.cm-3, and 0.747 g.cm-3, respectively. The discrepancy of the experiment and true testing density is about 8 %, 3 %, and 2 %, respectively. The result shows that multiple scattering or total counts can be used to propose the density measurement.

scholarly journals The stochastic collocation Monte Carlo sampler: highly efficient sampling from ‘expensive’ distributions

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Grzelak ◽  
J. A. S. Witteveen ◽  
M. Suárez-Taboada ◽  
C. W. Oosterlee
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Stochastic Collocation ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Efficient Sampling

scholarly journals The Multiple Scattering of Protons in Nuclear Emulsions

1954 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 586 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Bird ◽  
KC Hines
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Scattering ◽  
Single Scattering ◽  
Satisfactory Explanation ◽  
Scattering Angle ◽  
Lateral Deflection ◽  
Nuclear Emulsions ◽  
Minimum Angle ◽  
Low Energies

The multiple scattering theories of Williams. and Moliere have been adapted to give the r.m.s. lateral deflection of protons which lose all their energy in nuclear emul� sions. Measurements of 1-5 MeV proton tracks show significant differences from the former theory at low energies and from the latter at higher energies. The introduction of alternative expressions for the minimum angle due to screening does not give a satisfactory explanation of the observed results. It is found, however, that the experi. mental r.m.s. deflections display the same dependence on maximum single scattering angle as is calculated.

scholarly journals Optimal sampling in a noisy genetic algorithm for risk-based remediation design

2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayathri Gopalakrishnan ◽  
Barbara S. Minsker ◽  
David E. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Genetic Algorithms ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Fitness Function ◽  
Sampling Strategies ◽  
Robust Designs ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Efficient Sampling

A groundwater management model has been developed that predicts human health risks and uses a noisy genetic algorithm to identify promising risk-based corrective action (RBCA) designs. Noisy genetic algorithms are simple genetic algorithms that operate in noisy environments. The noisy genetic algorithm uses a type of noisy fitness function (objective function) called the sampling fitness function, which utilises Monte-Carlo-type sampling to find robust designs. Unlike Monte Carlo simulation modelling, however, the noisy genetic algorithm is highly efficient and can identify robust designs with only a few samples per design. For hydroinformatic problems with complex fitness functions, however, it is important that the sampling be as efficient as possible. In this paper, methods for identifying efficient sampling strategies are investigated and their performance evaluated using a case study of a RBCA design problem. Guidelines for setting the parameter values used in these methods are also developed. Applying these guidelines to the case study resulted in highly efficient sampling strategies that found RBCA designs with 98% reliability using as few as 4 samples per design. Moreover, these designs were identified with fewer simulation runs than would likely be required to identify designs using trial-and-error Monte Carlo simulation. These findings show considerable promise for applying these methods to complex hydroinformatic problems where substantial uncertainty exists but extensive sampling cannot feasibly be done.

scholarly journals Search for Single Scattering Events

2000 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 565-568
Author(s):  
R. Ramachandran ◽  
A. A. Deshpande ◽  
B. W. Stappers
Keyword(s):  
Interstellar Medium ◽  
Multiple Scattering ◽  
Single Scattering ◽  
Density Contrast ◽  
Free Electrons ◽  
Radio Signals ◽  
Scattering Events

Radio signals, during their passage through the intervening medium, are scattered due to irregularities in the density of free electrons in the interstellar medium. Signals from distant sources undergo, most often,strong & multiple scatteringwhile the signals from nearby sources may be onlyweakly scatteredeven at meter wavelengths. It is likely that the scattering of signals from some nearby sources is possibly non-multiple in nature and hence may show a distinct signature ofsingle or discrete scattering events. In such a situation we receive, along with the direct unscattered signal, only a few discrete delayed versions of the signal. In such a case, it appears possible to probe the properties (such as the size and the density contrast) of the discrete density-irregularities responsible for the scattering, if the associated delays can be measured.

The measurements of the elastic-inelastic multiple scattering electron intensity in EELS

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 300-301
Author(s):  
S. C. Cheng ◽  
Y. Y. Wang ◽  
V. P. Dravid
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Scattering ◽  
Inelastic Scattering ◽  
Multiple Scattering ◽  
Electron Spectroscopy ◽  
Collective Excitation ◽  
Interband Transition ◽  
Single Scattering ◽  
Simple Relationship ◽  
Momentum Range ◽  
Scattering Events

The Electron energy loss function in the low energy range is determined by collective excitation of valence electrons and charge carriers, i.e. plasmons, as well as interband and intraband excitations. The explicit dependence of the cross-section on the momentum transfer q allows the observation of nonvertical interband transition and a measurement of the dispersion of plasmon excitations. The drawback of the momentum resolved electron spectroscopy is the multiple scattering, which often obscure the single scattering events. Under relatively small scattering angles, both strong elasticinelastic multiple (E-I-M) scattering and elastic scattering events compared to the inelastic scattering have been reported. In order to find out in what momentum range the E-I-M scattering intensity can be ignored in the momentum resolved electron spectroscopy, we have measured the angular dependency of the intensities of the E-I-M scattering electrons Ie+in. The intensities of the elastic scattering electrons Ie as well as of the inelastic scattering electrons Iin were also measured and are presented in this paper together. A simple relationship between Ie and Ie+in is found.

scholarly journals Multiparametric approach to the assessment of muon tomographic results for the inspection of a full-scale container

2021 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Riggi ◽  
M. Bandieramonte ◽  
U. Becciani ◽  
D. L. Bonanno ◽  
G. Bonanno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Single Scattering ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Scattering Angle ◽  
Multiparametric Analysis ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Cargo Containers

AbstractExperimental results from a dataset collected with a full-scale muon tomograph for the inspection of cargo containers were studied in a single scattering scenario with a multiparametric analysis based on the method of the Point Of Closest Approach (Poca). To search for high-Z materials, a 4 $$\hbox {dm}^3$$ dm 3 Pb block was positioned inside the volume to be inspected, in order to quantitatively investigate the appearance of the Poca signal. Signal-to-noise ratio and significance of the Poca signal were investigated by means of mono-dimensional spectra of the Poca components, for different values of the scattering angle between the incoming and outgoing muon tracks and with different angle-dependent weights. A systematic scan of two-dimensional maps was also carried out, as a strategy to search for possible enhancements to the Poca signal. A comparison was also done between the results obtained from the two half-volumes, one containing the Pb block and one left empty, to take into account the response of the detector and some aspects of the Poca strategy.

scholarly journals Study of deuteron-proton backward elastic scattering at intermediate energies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Ladygina
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Scattering ◽  
Differential Cross Section ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Differential Cross ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Single Scattering ◽  
Scattering Angle ◽  
Intermediate Energies ◽  
Proton Elastic Scattering ◽  
Reaction Amplitude

We study deuteron- proton elastic scattering in the deuteron energy range between 500 MeV and 2 GeV at the cms scattering angle \theta^*\ge 140^\circθ*≥140∘. The reaction is considered in the relativistic multiple scattering expansion framework. The four reaction mechanisms are included into consideration: one-nucleon exchange, single scattering, double scattering, and the term corresponding to the delta excitation in the intermediate state.The model is applied to describe the angular dependence of the differential cross section at the deuteron energies of between 880 and 1300 MeV. Also the energy dependence of the differential cross section and polarisation observables such as tensor analyzing power T_{20}T20 and polarization transfer from the deuteron to proton \varkappa𝜘 are considered at the scattering angle equal to 180^\circ∘. Contributions of the different reaction mechanisms into the reaction amplitude are demonstrated in comparison with the existing experimental data.

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