Forensic surface metrology: tool mark evidence

Scanning ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 272-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Gambino ◽  
Patrick McLaughlin ◽  
Loretta Kuo ◽  
Frani Kammerman ◽  
Peter Shenkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Metrology ◽  
Tool Mark

Research progress of high-precision surface metrology of a K-B mirror

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 660-675
Author(s):  
ZHANG Shuai ◽  
◽  
◽  
HOU Xi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Surface Metrology

scholarly journals Founding Editorial – Forensics and TheScientificWorld

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 605-608
Author(s):  
Walter Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
Forensic Toxicology ◽  
Forensic Odontology ◽  
Eyewitness Testimony ◽  
Scientific Application ◽  
Forensic Biology ◽  
Current State ◽  
Tool Mark ◽  
The World ◽  
Forensic Engineering

At the beginning of a new millennium it seems a good idea to stop for a moment and take stock of the current state of forensic science. As a field of scientific research and scientific application, forensic science is a little more than a century old. Forensic science may be said to have begun in 1887 with the simultaneous publication of A. Conan Doyle’s A Study in Scarlet and Hans Gross’s Handbuch für Untersuchungsrichter. Conan Doyle’s novel introduced to the world the character of Sherlock Holmes, whose literary career would popularize the use of physical evidence in criminal investigations. Gross’s manual for examining magistrates suggests ways in which the expertise of chemists, biologists, geologists, and other natural scientists could contribute to investigations. Gross’s book was translated into a number of languages and went through various updated editions during the course of the century. The intervening century saw the development and application of fingerprinting, firearm and tool mark identification, forensic chemistry, forensic biology, forensic toxicology, forensic odontology, forensic pathology, and forensic engineering. Increasingly, the judicial systems of the industrial nations of the world have come to rely upon the expertise of scientists in a variety of disciplines. In most advanced countries, virtually all criminal prosecutions now involve the presentation of scientific testimony. This has had the beneficial effect of diminishing the reliance of courts on eyewitness testimony and defendant confessions.

scholarly journals Nano-imprinted subwavelength gratings as polarizing beamsplitters

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Wüster ◽  
Yannick Bourgin ◽  
Patrick Feßer ◽  
Arne Behrens ◽  
Stefan Sinzinger
Keyword(s):  
Nanoimprint Lithography ◽  
Optical Measurement ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Surface Metrology ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Common Path ◽  
Dielectric Coatings ◽  
Subwavelength Gratings ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractPolarizing beamsplitters have numerous applications in optical systems, such as systems for freeform surface metrology. They are classically manufactured from birefringent materials or with stacks of dielectric coatings. We present a binary subwavelength-structured form-birefringent diffraction grating, which acts as a polarizing beamsplitter for a wide range of incidence angles −30∘…+30∘. We refine the general design method for such hybrid gratings. We furthermore demonstrate the manufacturing steps with Soft-UV-Nanoimprint-Lithography, as well as the experimental verification, that the structure reliably acts as a polarizing beamsplitter. The experimental results show a contrast in efficiency for TE- and TM-polarization of up to 1:18 in the first order, and 34:1 in the zeroth order. The grating potentially enables us to realize integrated compact optical measurement systems, such as common-path interferometers.

Intracavity beam shaping for nanoscale surface metrology

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Spektor ◽  
Yurij Parkhomenko ◽  
Josef Shamir
Keyword(s):  
Beam Shaping ◽  
Surface Metrology

Morphology-based defect detection in machined surfaces with circular tool-mark patterns

Measurement ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Du-Ming Tsai ◽  
Daniel E. Rivera Molina
Keyword(s):  
Defect Detection ◽  
Tool Mark ◽  
Machined Surfaces
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