scholarly journals Impacts of soil‐borne disease on plant yield and farm profit in dairying soils

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryony E. A. Dignam ◽  
Sean D. G. Marshall ◽  
Andrew J. Wall ◽  
Yeukai F. Mtandavari ◽  
Emily M. Gerard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Yield ◽  
Farm Profit

Effect of plant density and vegetative branch retention on within-plant yield distribution and maturity performance of cotton

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 792-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
He-Zhong DONG ◽  
Zhen-Huai LI ◽  
Zhen LUO ◽  
He-Quan LU ◽  
Wei TANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Plant Yield ◽  
Yield Distribution

Increased illumination levels enhance biosynthesis of aloenin A and aloin B in Aloe arborescens Mill., but lower their per-plant yield

2021 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 113379
Author(s):  
Silvia Lazzara ◽  
Alessandra Carrubba ◽  
Edoardo Napoli ◽  
Alessandra Culmone ◽  
Anna Concetta Cangemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Yield ◽  
Aloe Arborescens

scholarly journals Protists as main indicators and determinants of plant performance

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sai Guo ◽  
Wu Xiong ◽  
Xinnan Hang ◽  
Zhilei Gao ◽  
Zixuan Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Plant Yield ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Beneficial Microorganisms ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Microbes

Abstract Background Microbiomes play vital roles in plant health and performance, and the development of plant beneficial microbiomes can be steered by organic fertilizer inputs. Especially well-studied are fertilizer-induced changes on bacteria and fungi and how changes in these groups alter plant performance. However, impacts on protist communities, including their trophic interactions within the microbiome and consequences on plant performance remain largely unknown. Here, we tracked the entire microbiome, including bacteria, fungi, and protists, over six growing seasons of cucumber under different fertilization regimes (conventional, organic, and Trichoderma bio-organic fertilization) and linked microbial data to plant yield to identify plant growth-promoting microbes. Results Yields were higher in the (bio-)organic fertilization treatments. Soil abiotic conditions were altered by the fertilization regime, with the prominent effects coming from the (bio-)organic fertilization treatments. Those treatments also led to the pronounced shifts in protistan communities, especially microbivorous cercozoan protists. We found positive correlations of these protists with plant yield and the density of potentially plant-beneficial microorganisms. We further explored the mechanistic ramifications of these relationships via greenhouse experiments, showing that cercozoan protists can positively impact plant growth, potentially via interactions with plant-beneficial microorganisms including Trichoderma, the biological agent delivered by the bio-fertilizer. Conclusions We show that protists may play central roles in stimulating plant performance through microbiome interactions. Future agricultural practices might aim to specifically enhance plant beneficial protists or apply those protists as novel, sustainable biofertilizers.

HERITABILITY OF SINGLE PLANT YIELD AND INCIDENCE OF BLACK POD DISEASE IN COCOA

2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. LOCKWOOD ◽  
F. OWUSU-ANSAH ◽  
Y. ADU-AMPOMAH
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Plant Yield ◽  
Clone Selection ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Black Pod ◽  
Black Pod Disease

Broad sense heritabilities were estimated in three long-term cocoa clone trials in Ghana, with 20, 18 and 15 entries. They were 0.15, 0.05 and 0.15 for yield in pods per plant, and 0.26, 0.19 and 0.40 for incidence of ‘bad’ pods, mostly due to black pod disease, caused by infection with Phytophthora spp. The low heritability of single plant yield, which has been known for 80 years, has been widely overlooked in cocoa research and extension, compromising the success of clone selection programmes. The heritability of the incidence of black pod disease is high enough to justify mass selection where family level data are not available. The findings will be applied in a new large-scale programme in Ghana to select clones that are high yielding in the presence of P. megakarya.

Characterization of barley silage – maturity relationships for Central Alberta

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1009-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Baron ◽  
A. C. Dick ◽  
M. S. Wolynetz
Keyword(s):  
Harvest Index ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Simple Relationship ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Standard Type ◽  
Plant Yield ◽  
Whole Plant

Production of high-quality whole-plant barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) silage requires an understanding of the relationships among whole-plant percent dry matter (WPDM), whole-plant yield parameters reflecting both whole plant and kernel maturity, grain-to-straw ratio (harvest index) and in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM) over the grain-filling period. Eight six-row, standard-type barley cultivars, representative of the range of maturity and stature of cultivars recommended for grain production in Alberta, were grown at Lacombe, Alberta during 1983 and 1984. Seven weekly whole-plant harvests were carried out on each cultivar beginning at heading. Fresh and dry weights on whole-plant and kernel fractions at each harvest allowed calculation of the essential parameters. Regression analyses were used to determine whether several production-related response variables could be predicted from variables such as WPDM, days after heading and cumulative growing degree days (DD) greater than 5 °C after heading. All cultivars exhibited similar trends with DD after heading for these relationships over two years of very different climatic conditions. IVDOM did not vary (P > 0.05) during the growing seasons indicating that IVDOM content cannot be a criterion for determining harvest date. Other relationships indicated that if whole-plant harvest occurred at 30% WPDM it would precede the time of maximum whole-plant yield and grain maturity by 160 and 208 DD, respectively, resulting in a loss in potential whole-plant yield of about 17%. Cultivars which produce more herbage but are too late maturing for grain production could be used to offset this yield loss and there may be a place in barley breeding programs for late-maturing, tall, strong-strawed cultivars specifically for silage production. For havest index, a large difference (8%) between years indicated that a simple relationship between harvest index and DD was not adequate to routinely predict grain content in barley silage.Key words: Silage, whole-plant maturity, barley, forage, yield

Effect of previous cutting interval and of leaf area remaining after cutting on regrowth of Macroptilium atropurpureum cv. Siratro

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (68) ◽  
pp. 343 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Jones
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Plant Yield

Experiments with Siratro were conducted at Samford, south east Queensland to study the effects of previous cutting and defoliation treatments on regrowth. In the first experiment, swards of Siratro were cut at 7.5 cm above ground level every 4 weeks, every 8 weeks or cut once at 16 weeks during spring and summer. Regrowth of all treatments over ten weeks was measured after varying (by leaf removal) the stubble leaf area index (LAI) of the plots cut every four weeks. Pattern of regrowth yield was similar for all treatments with a pronounced lag phase after cutting. Regrowth yield after 10 weeks differed between treatments and was linearly related (P < 0.01 ) to residual LAI in the stubble at the start of regrowth. In the absence of stubble leaves, plots previously cut at 16 weeks or at 8 weeks yielded marginally more than those cut every 4 weeks. There were no marked treatment differences in gross root morphology other than a two fold increase in stolon rooting for the 16-week treatment. Nitrogen content of the roots (mean 1.38 per cent) was unaffected by treatment, but the per cent hot water soluble sugars were lower for the 16 week defoliation treatment than for the 8-week and the 4-week treatments. In the second experiment individual plants were cut to a uniform stubble every 4 weeks and either 0, 5, or 10 leaves were left. Dry weight of regrowth and stolon development were greatest when most leaves were left. Two thirds of the plants died after six cuttings with complete defoliation but none died when either 5 or 10 leaves were retained. Plant survival was not related to plant yield or degree of stoloniferous development. However, there was a strong correlation between stolon number and plant yield under this intensive cutting regime. The practical implication of the results in the management of Siratro is discussed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the average performance of topcrosses among food and grain type soybean

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilberto K. Yokomizo ◽  
Natal A. Vello
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Vegetable Soybean ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Plant Yield ◽  
Average Performance ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Selection Of

The food type soybean (exotic) are, in general, non-adapted to the Brazilian growing conditions. A breeding strategy to develop adapted food type soybean should involve crossing exotic with the available grain type genotypes. We evaluated the performance of topcrosses among food type and grain type soybeans. Best progenies showed different performance rates in each environment and they were not always the same in the different environments and joint analysis of lodging (L), plant height at maturity (PHM) and agronomic value (AV) was essential to avoid selection of plants with good performance for one trait and bad for another.) Piracicaba autumn environment (PA) caused low individual plant yield performance (IPY), and consequently, cultivation was not economically viable in this period. Best progenies presented appropriate trait averages for inclusion in the category of vegetable soybean in all evaluated environments.

scholarly journals Coupling Disease-Progress-Curve and Time-of-Infection Functions for Predicting Yield Loss of Crops

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 788-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. Madden ◽  
G. Hughes ◽  
M. E. Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Short Time Interval ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Plant Yield ◽  
Disease Progress ◽  
Time Of Infection ◽  
Over Time

A general approach was developed to predict the yield loss of crops in relation to infection by systemic diseases. The approach was based on two premises: (i) disease incidence in a population of plants over time can be described by a nonlinear disease progress model, such as the logistic or monomolecular; and (ii) yield of a plant is a function of time of infection (t) that can be represented by the (negative) exponential or similar model (ζ(t)). Yield loss of a population of plants on a proportional scale (L) can be written as the product of the proportion of the plant population newly infected during a very short time interval (X′(t)dt) and ζ(t), integrated over the time duration of the epidemic. L in the model can be expressed in relation to directly interpretable parameters: maximum per-plant yield loss (α, typically occurring at t = 0); the decline in per-plant loss as time of infection is delayed (γ; units of time-1); and the parameters that characterize disease progress over time, namely, initial disease incidence (X0), rate of disease increase (r; units of time-1), and maximum (or asymptotic) value of disease incidence (K). Based on the model formulation, L ranges from αX0 to αK and increases with increasing X0, r, K, α, and γ-1. The exact effects of these parameters on L were determined with numerical solutions of the model. The model was expanded to predict L when there was spatial heterogeneity in disease incidence among sites within a field and when maximum per-plant yield loss occurred at a time other than the beginning of the epidemic (t > 0). However, the latter two situations had a major impact on L only at high values of r. The modeling approach was demonstrated by analyzing data on soybean yield loss in relation to infection by Soybean mosaic virus, a member of the genus Potyvirus. Based on model solutions, strategies to reduce or minimize yield losses from a given disease can be evaluated.

Effect of nitrogen and nitrogen placement on no‐till small grains: Plant yield relationships

1992 ◽  
Vol 23 (17-20) ◽  
pp. 2437-2449 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Kushnak ◽  
G. D. Jackson ◽  
R. K. Berg ◽  
G. R. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Yield ◽  
No Till ◽  
Small Grains
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