The salmon‐peloton: Hydraulic habitat shifts of adult Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) due to behavioural thermoregulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antóin M. O'Sullivan ◽  
Tommi Linnansaari ◽  
Jaime Leavitt ◽  
Kurt M. Samways ◽  
Barret L. Kurylyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Behavioural Thermoregulation ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

scholarly journals The salmon-peloton: hydraulic habitat shifts of adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) due to behaviour thermoregulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antóin M O'Sullivan ◽  
Tommi Linnansaari ◽  
Jaime Leavitt ◽  
Kurt M Samways ◽  
Barret L Kurylyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Thermal Plume ◽  
Behavioural Thermoregulation ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Restoration Work

In recent decades there has been an increase in conservation and restoration projects targeting Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar — AS), as populations in eastern Canada decline. Missing however, is an understanding of thermo-hydraulic habitat use by adult AS during summer, and thus the actual benefits of altering in-river physical structures. Here, we illustrated how optical and thermal infrared (TIR) imagery acquired from a UAV can be used in concert with in-situ depth and velocity data to map adult AS and develop models of thermo–hydraulic habitats in the Miramichi River, New Brunswick. We found during optimal thermal conditions (< 19 °C) proximity to boulders and Froude numbers, a non-dimensional hydraulic metric, were key parameters that characterized adult AS habitat. However, during behavioural thermoregulation events (>19 °C), proximity to the cool thermal plume and Froude number, a non–dimensional hydraulic parameter, were critical controls on habitat use. We also observed AS formed a distinct geometric formation during behavioural thermoregulation events, and term this formation a thermal–peloton. The primary function of the peloton is undoubtedly to reduce thermally induced stressed; however, we conceptualize the geometry of the peloton attenuates hydraulic–drag, and reduces energetic expenditure of individuals practicing behavioural thermoregulation. These data provide an unrivaled viewpoint of thermo-hydraulic habitat selection by adult AS, and a blue print for restoration work. The use of UAV–based sensors has the potential to instigate a paradigm shift for river sciences. The age of applying hyper-resolution, remote sensing for river science and aquatic ecology is immensely exciting.

Microstructure and texture of fresh and smoked Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., fillets from fish reared and slaughtered under different conditions

2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sjofn Sigurgisladottir ◽  
Margret S. Sigurdardottir ◽  
Helga Ingvarsdottir ◽  
Ole J. Torrissen ◽  
Hannes Hafsteinsson
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

Persistence of Orally Administered Salmonella enterica Serovars Agona and Montevideo in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1336-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. NESSE ◽  
T. LØVOLD ◽  
B. BERGSJØ ◽  
K. NORDBY ◽  
C. WALLACE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Gastric Intubation

The objective of our experiments was to study the persistence and dissemination of orally administered Salmonella in smoltified Atlantic salmon. In experiment 1, salmon kept at 15°C were fed for 1 week with feed contaminated with 96 most-probable-number units of Salmonella Agona per 100 g of feed and then starved for 2 weeks. Samples were taken from the gastrointestinal tract and examined for Salmonella 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16 days after the feeding ended. In experiment 2, Salmonella Agona and Montevideo were separately mixed with feed and administered by gastric intubation. Each fish received 1.0 × 108, 1.0 × 106, or 1.0 × 104 CFU. The different groups were kept in parallel at 5 and 15°C and observed for 4 weeks. Every week, three fish in each group were sacrificed, and samples were taken from the skin, the pooled internal organs, the muscle, and the gastrointestinal tract and examined for the presence of Salmonella. The results from the two experiments showed that the persistence of Salmonella in the fish was highly dependent on the dose administered. Salmonella was not recovered from any of the fish that were fed for 1 week with the lowest concentration of Salmonella. In the fish given the highest dose of Salmonella, bacteria persisted for at least 4 weeks in the gastrointestinal tract as well as, to some extent, the internal organs. The present study shows that under practical conditions in Norway, the risk of Salmonella in fish feed being passed on to the consumer of the fish is negligible.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Live-Attenuated Piscirickettsia salmonis Vaccine Reveals the Short-Term Upregulation of Innate and Adaptive Immune Genes in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar): An In Situ Open-Sea Cages Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 703
Author(s):  
Deborah Vargas ◽  
Eva Vallejos-Vidal ◽  
Sebastián Reyes-Cerpa ◽  
Aarón Oyarzún-Arrau ◽  
Claudio Acuña-Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Live Attenuated Vaccine ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Piscirickettsia Salmonis

Piscirickettsia salmonis, the etiological agent of the Salmon Rickettsial Septicemia (SRS), is one the most serious health problems for the Chilean salmon industry. Typical antimicrobial strategies used against P. salmonis include antibiotics and vaccines, but these applications have largely failed. A few years ago, the first attenuated-live vaccine against SRS (ALPHA JECT LiVac® SRS vaccine) was released to the market. However, there is no data about the agents involved in the activation of the immune response induced under field conditions. Therefore, in this study we evaluated the expression profile of a set of gene markers related to innate and adaptive immunity in the context of a cellular response in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) reared under productive farm conditions and immunized with a live-attenuated vaccine against P. salmonis. We analyzed the expression at zero, 5-, 15- and 45-days post-vaccination (dpv). Our results reveal that the administration of the attenuated live SRS LiVac vaccine induces a short-term upregulation of the cellular-mediated immune response at 5 dpv modulated by the upregulation of ifnα, ifnγ, and the cd4 and cd8α T cell surface markers. In addition, we also registered the upregulation of il-10 and tgfβ. Altogether, the results suggest that a balanced activation of the immune response took place only at early times post-vaccination (5 dpv). The scope of this short-term upregulation of the cellular-mediated immune response against a natural outbreak in fish subjected to productive farm conditions deserves further research.

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