Effects of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine treatment on non‐SARS‐CoV2 viral infections: A systematic review of clinical studies

Abstract Background For most viral encephalitides, therapy is merely supportive. Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) have been used as a prophylactic and therapeutic approach. We conduct a systematic review on the safety and efficacy of IVIG in viral encephalitis. Methods We conducted a systematic review assessing PubMed, Cochrane Database, Biosis Previews and the ClinicalTrials.gov website to identify all reports on patients with viral encephalitis treated with IVIG as of May 31, 2019. The main outcomes assessed were therapeutic efficacy and safety. For an increased homogeneity of the population, atypical viral infections were excluded, as were reports on prophylactic IVIG use, intrathecal application of immunoglobulins, or use of antibody-enriched IVIG-preparations. Data were extracted from published studies. Descriptive statistics were used. Results We included a total of 44 studies (39 case reports). The case reports cover a total of 53 patients. Our search retrieved two prospective and three retrospective studies. These show heterogeneous results as to the efficacy of IVIG therapy. Only one study reports a significant association between IVIG-use and death (odds ratio 0.032; 95% confidence interval 0.0033–0.3024; p = 0.0027). None of the studies report significant differences in the number of serious adverse events. Conclusion Data on the efficacy of IVIG-therapy is heterogeneous. While it seems generally safe, evident superiority compared to supportive treatment has not been demonstrated so far. Future trials should also investigate the optimal dosing and timing of IVIG and their benefit in the immunosuppressed.

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Interferon therapy in patients with SARS, MERS, and COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies

European Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174248 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 174248

Author(s):

Kiarash Saleki ◽

Shakila Yaribash ◽

Mohammad Banazadeh ◽

Ehsan Hajihosseinlou ◽

Mahdi Gouravani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Clinical Studies ◽

Interferon Therapy ◽

Meta Analysis

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Resistance to ceftazidime/avibactam in infections and colonizations by KPC-producing Enterobacterales: a systematic review of observational clinical studies

Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

10.1016/j.jgar.2021.04.001 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Stefano Di Bella ◽

Daniele Roberto Giacobbe ◽

Alberto Enrico Maraolo ◽

Valentina Viaggi ◽

Roberto Luzzati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Clinical Studies

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Inhibition of Androgen Signalling Improves the Outcomes of Therapies for Bladder Cancer: Results from a Systematic Review of Preclinical and Clinical Evidence and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Studies

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11020351 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 351

Author(s):

Massimiliano Creta ◽

Giuseppe Celentano ◽

Luigi Napolitano ◽

Roberto La Rocca ◽

Marco Capece ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Bladder Cancer ◽

Relative Risk ◽

Clinical Studies ◽

Clinical Evidence ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Bladder Tumour ◽

Signalling Pathways ◽

Reductase Inhibitors ◽

The Impact

Bladder cancer (BCa) is an endocrine-related tumour and the activation of androgen signalling pathways may promote bladder tumorigenesis. We summarized the available preclinical and clinical evidence on the implications of the manipulation of androgen signalling pathways on the outcomes of BCa therapies. A systematic review was performed in December 2020. We included papers that met the following criteria: original preclinical and clinical research; evaluating the impact of androgen signalling modulation on the outcomes of BCa therapies. Six preclinical and eight clinical studies were identified. The preclinical evidence demonstrates that the modulation of androgen receptor-related pathways has the potential to interfere with the activity of the Bacillus Calmette Guerin, doxorubicin, cisplatin, gemcitabine, and radiotherapy. The relative risk of BCa recurrence after transurethral resection of the bladder tumour (TURBT) is significantly lower in patients undergoing therapy with 5 alpha reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs) or androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) (Relative risk: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.30–0.82; p = 0.006). Subgroup analysis in patients receiving 5-ARIs revealed a relative risk of BCa recurrence of 0.46 (95% CI: 0.22–0.95; p = 0.040). A significant negative association between the ratio of T1 BCa patients in treated/control groups and the relative risk of BCa recurrence was observed. Therapy with 5-ARIs may represent a potential strategy aimed at reducing BCa recurrence rate, mainly in patients with low stage disease. Further studies are needed to confirm these preliminary data.

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CD169/SIGLEC1 is expressed on circulating monocytes in COVID-19 and expression levels are associated with disease severity

Infection ◽

10.1007/s15010-021-01606-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jan-Moritz Doehn ◽

Christoph Tabeling ◽

Robert Biesen ◽

Jacopo Saccomanno ◽

Elena Madlung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Clinical Studies ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Type I Interferons ◽

Type I ◽

Interferon Signaling ◽

Expression Levels

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Type I interferons are important in the defense of viral infections. Recently, neutralizing IgG auto-antibodies against type I interferons were found in patients with severe COVID-19 infection. Here, we analyzed expression of CD169/SIGLEC1, a well described downstream molecule in interferon signaling, and found increased monocytic CD169/SIGLEC1 expression levels in patients with mild, acute COVID-19, compared to patients with severe disease. We recommend further clinical studies to evaluate the value of CD169/SIGLEC1 expression in patients with COVID-19 with or without auto-antibodies against type I interferons.

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Anti-Influenza with Green Tea Catechins: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26134014 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (13) ◽

pp. 4014

Author(s):

Anchalee Rawangkan ◽

Kirati Kengkla ◽

Sukrit Kanchanasurakit ◽

Acharaporn Duangjai ◽

Surasak Saokaew

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Green Tea ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Influenza Infection ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Influenza Virus Infection ◽

Control Group ◽

Tea Consumption ◽

Tea Catechins ◽

Green Tea Catechins

Influenza is one of the most serious respiratory viral infections worldwide. Although several studies have reported that green tea catechins (GTCs) might prevent influenza virus infection, this remains controversial. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of eight studies with 5,048 participants that examined the effect of GTC administration on influenza prevention. In a random-effects meta-analysis of five RCTs, 884 participants treated with GTCs showed statistically significant effects on the prevention of influenza infection compared to the control group (risk ratio (RR) 0.67, 95%CIs 0.51–0.89, P = 0.005) without evidence of heterogeneity (I2= 0%, P = 0.629). Similarly, in three cohort studies with 2,223 participants treated with GTCs, there were also statistically significant effects (RR 0.52, 95%CIs 0.35–0.77, P = 0.001) with very low evidence of heterogeneity (I2 = 3%, P = 0.358). Additionally, the overall effect in the subgroup analysis of gargling and orally ingested items (taking capsules and drinking) showed a pooled RR of 0.62 (95% CIs 0.49–0.77, P = 0.003) without heterogeneity (I2= 0%, P = 0.554). There were no obvious publication biases (Egger’s test (P = 0.138) and Begg’s test (P = 0.103)). Our analysis suggests that green tea consumption is effective in the prophylaxis of influenza infections. To confirm the findings before implementation, longitudinal clinical trials with specific doses of green tea consumption are warranted.

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