scholarly journals Kisspeptin neurons as an integration center of reproductive regulation: Observation of reproductive function based on a new concept of reproductive regulatory nervous system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Ozawa
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Reproductive Regulation

scholarly journals SIRT1 in Astrocytes Regulates Glucose Metabolism and Reproductive Function

Endocrinology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 160 (6) ◽  
pp. 1547-1560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Choi ◽  
Emily Rickert ◽  
Marina Fernandez ◽  
Nicholas J G Webster
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Sirtuin 1 ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Reproductive Regulation ◽  
Insulin Tolerance

Abstract Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) is an NAD-dependent class III deacetylase that functions as a cellular energy sensor. In addition to its well-characterized effects in peripheral tissues, evidence suggests that SIRT1 in neurons plays a role in the central regulation of energy balance and reproduction, but no studies have addressed the contribution of astrocytes. We show here that overexpression of SIRT1 in astrocytes causes markedly increased food intake, body weight gain, and glucose intolerance, but expression of a deacetylase-deficient SIRT1 mutant decreases food intake and body weight and improves glucose tolerance, particularly in female mice. Paradoxically, the effect of these SIRT1 mutants on insulin tolerance was reversed, with overexpression showing greater insulin sensitivity. The mice overexpressing SIRT1 were more active, generated more heat, and had elevated oxygen consumption, possibly in compensation for the increased food intake. The female overexpressing mice were also more sensitive to diet-induced obesity. Reproductively, the mice expressing the deacetylase-deficient SIRT1 mutant had impaired estrous cycles, decreased LH surges, and fewer corpora lutea, indicating decreased ovulation. The GnRH neurons were responsive to kisspeptin stimulation, but hypothalamic expression of Kiss1 was reduced in the mutant mice. Our results showed that SIRT1 signaling in astrocytes can contribute to metabolic and reproductive regulation independent of SIRT1 effects in neurons.

scholarly journals Central Nervous System Associated With Light Perception and Physiological Responses of Birds

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong W. Kang
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Raphe Nucleus ◽  
Light Perception ◽  
Environmental Light ◽  
Serotonin Neurons ◽  
Deep Brain Photoreceptors

Environmental light that animal receives (i.e., photoperiod and light intensity) has recently been shown that it affects avian central nervous system for the physiological responses to the environment by up or downregulation of dopamine and serotonin activities, and this, in turn, affects the reproductive function and stress-related behavior of birds. In this study, the author speculated on the intriguing possibility that one of the proposed avian deep-brain photoreceptors (DBPs), i.e., melanopsin (Opn4), may play roles in the dual sensory-neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus, midbrain, and brain stem for the behavior and physiological responses of birds by light. Specifically, the author has shown that the direct light perception of premammillary nucleus dopamine-melatonin (PMM DA-Mel) neurons is associated with the reproductive activation in birds. Although further research is required to establish the functional role of Opn4 in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), dorsal raphe nucleus, and caudal raphe nucleus in the light perception and physiological responses of birds, it is an exciting prospect because the previous results in birds support this hypothesis that Opn4 in the midbrain DA and serotonin neurons may play significant roles on the light-induced welfare of birds.

scholarly journals Role of Central Nervous System and Ovarian Insulin Receptor Substrate 2 Signaling in Female Reproductive Function in the Mouse1

2007 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1045-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Neganova ◽  
Hind Al-Qassab ◽  
Helen Heffron ◽  
Colin Selman ◽  
Agharul I. Choudhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Insulin Receptor Substrate

Autonomic dysfunction in older people

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Richard G Marigold ◽  
Monica Arias ◽  
Michael Vassallo ◽  
Stephen C. Allen ◽  
Joseph SK Kwan
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Dysfunction ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Medical Complications ◽  
Autonomic Responses ◽  
Cellular Changes ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThe autonomic nervous system comprises the sympathetic, parasympathetic and enteric nervous systems and plays an integral role in homeostasis. This includes cardiovascular and temperature control, glucose metabolism, gastrointestinal and reproductive function and increasing evidence to support its involvement in the inflammatory response to infection and cancer. Ageing is associated with autonomic dysfunction, and many clinical syndromes associated with older adults are due to inadequate autonomic responses to physiological stressors. The aim of this review is to explore the relationship between autonomic dysfunction and ageing illustrated with examples of maladaptive autonomic responses in a variety of different clinical syndromes including an exploration of autonomic cellular changes. Appropriate investigation and management strategies are outlined, recognizing the fine balance needed to improve symptoms without creating further medical complications.

scholarly journals Mechanism Of Leptin On Impaired Ovarian Reserve Function After Cold Exposure In Female Rats 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Wu ◽  
li zhang ◽  
Guanyu Zhang ◽  
Wanting Wei ◽  
Yongqiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Estrus Cycle ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Reproductive Regulation ◽  
Differential Genes

Abstract Previous studies have shown that cold exposure can cause disturbance of estrus cycle in female rats. However, whether cold exposure can cause organic pathological damage to the reproductive system of female rats was undefined. Meanwhile there are few reports on the mechanism of decompensation in rat reproductive function after cold exposure. This study aims to further discuss how cold exposure impact female ovarian reserve function in rats. Female rats were randomly divided into control group and cold exposure group. Ovarian reserve function, differential genes in hypothalamus reproductive regulation center or peripheral were evaluated. After cold exposure, ovarian reserve function was impaired, follicle development was abnormal, the number of mature follicles decreased significantly, the key hypothalamic reproductive regulation molecule GnRH decreased significantly, the response of its regulatory receptor NPY-5R was down-regulated, and the peripheral hormone serum leptin, which is closely related to it, decreased significantly. Our results indicate that cold exposure can lead to impaired ovarian function in female rats, resulting from decrease in serum leptin cause by WAT leptin depletion, which can release the inhibitory of NPY in the hypothalamus, and further lead to the down-regulation of GnRH expression, resulting in the whole HPO axis.

Effects of leptin administration on lactational infertility in food-restricted rats depend on milk delivery

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (1) ◽  
pp. R217-R225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Abizaid ◽  
Diana Kyriazis ◽  
Barbara Woodside
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Lactating Females ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Direct Binding

Leptin administration has been shown to prevent the disruptive effects of acute food deprivation on reproductive function in cycling females and lactating females. We examined the ability of intracerebroventricular leptin administration to ameliorate the effects of food restriction for the first 2 wk postpartum on length of lactational infertility. Leptin administration did not reduce the effects of food restriction on reproductive function at either time period ( days 8-15 and 15-22 postpartum) or dose (1 and 10 μg/day) administered. Because of the sharp contrast between these results and the ability of leptin to offset the effects of acute food deprivation in lactating rats, the remaining studies investigated the possible causes of this difference. Both central and peripheral leptin administration eliminated food deprivation-induced prolongation of lactational infertility, suggesting that neither route of administration nor dose was a factor. However, we noticed that, whereas chronically food-restricted females continue to deliver milk to their young, acutely food-deprived females do not. To test the hypothesis that the continued energetic drain of milk production and delivery might prevent the ability of exogenous leptin administration to eliminate the effects of undernutrition, leptin was administered to food-restricted, lactating rats prevented from delivering milk. In this situation intracerebroventricular leptin treatment completely eliminated the effects of food restriction on lactational infertility, suggesting that leptin contributes to the maintenance of reproductive function via two pathways: direct binding in the central nervous system and through increasing the availability of oxidizable metabolic fuels.

scholarly journals Orexins/Hypocretins and Cancer: A Neuropeptide as Emerging Target

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 4849
Author(s):  
Couvineau Alain ◽  
Nicole Pascal ◽  
Gratio Valérie ◽  
Voisin Thierry
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Pressure Regulation ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Prostate Cancers ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hypocretin 1

Over 20 years ago, orexin neuropeptides (Orexin-A/hypocretin-1 and Orexin-B/hypocretins-2) produced from the same precursor in hypothalamus were identified. These two neurotransmitters and their receptors (OX1R and OX1R), present in the central and peripheral nervous system, play a major role in wakefulness but also in drug addiction, food consumption, homeostasis, hormone secretion, reproductive function, lipolysis and blood pressure regulation. With respect to these biological functions, orexins were involved in various pathologies encompassing narcolepsy, neurodegenerative diseases, chronic inflammations, metabolic syndrome and cancers. The expression of OX1R in various cancers including colon, pancreas and prostate cancers associated with its ability to induce a proapoptotic activity in tumor cells, suggested that the orexins/OX1R system could have a promising therapeutic role. The present review summarizes the relationship between cancers and orexins/OX1R system as an emerging target.

scholarly journals The effect of cyclic polychemotherapy on the morphofunctional state of the gonads

2021 ◽  
pp. 138-149
Author(s):  
E. E. Abramkin ◽  
I. Yu. Makarov ◽  
N. V. Menshchikova
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Testicular Damage ◽  
Antitumor Therapy ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs

Aim. The analysis of scientific publications on the treatment of malignant neoplasms, the effect of antitumor therapy on the morphofunctional state of the gonads is carried out.Results. Treatment of malignant neoplasms is often accompanied by side effects that directly depend on the patient’s age, type of cancer, treatment regimen and doses, which has put forward a new urgent problem – the state of health and quality of life during remission of cancer or after recovery from it. Thus, cytostatically induced testicular damage leads to reproductive dysfunction in men on the “pre-testicular” (central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system, pituitary gland), “testicular” (gonads), “post-testicular” (epididymis, etc. organs of the genitourinary system involved in spermogenesis) levels of the reproductive system, which is especially important against the background of a sharply declining fertility of the modern male population. Accordingly, understanding the regularities of the processes of reparative regeneration of damaged tissues is important for the development of rehabilitation programs, the preservation of reproductive function and quality of life in patients who have undergone cytostatic therapy, especially in young people.Conclusion. The literature review covers epidemiological and experimental data on the effects of chemotherapy on spermatogenesis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document