scholarly journals Assisted reproductive technology in Japan: a summary report for 2015 by The Ethics Committee of The Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidekazu Saito ◽  
Seung Chik Jwa ◽  
Akira Kuwahara ◽  
Kazuki Saito ◽  
Tomonori Ishikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technology ◽  
Reproductive Technology ◽  
Ethics Committee ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynecology ◽  
Japan Society ◽  
Summary Report

scholarly journals From the Grave to the Cradle: Looking for Answers to the Question of Consent to Reproduce Posthumously in New Zealand

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 433
Author(s):  
Martha Ceballos
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technology ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Reproductive Technology ◽  
Ethics Committee ◽  
Human Reproduction ◽  
Consultation Process ◽  
High Court ◽  
Posthumous Reproduction

In New Zealand, posthumous reproduction is regulated by the Human Assisted Reproductive Technology Act 2004 (HART Act), which established two bodies, the Advisory Committee on Assisted Reproductive Technology (ACART) and the Ethics Committee on Assisted Reproductive Technology (ECART). In 2000, the predecessor of ECART, the National Ethics Committee on Assisted Human Reproduction (NECAHR), issued "Guidelines for the Storage, Use, and Disposal of Sperm from a Deceased Man" designed to provide a legal framework for this technology. However, a recent application to the High Court by the partner of a man who unexpectedly died, requesting permission to have sperm retrieved from the deceased and the subsequent judgment handed down by the High Court in 2017,  have highlighted the shortcomings of the current posthumous reproduction regulations. This has led to a recent consultation process by ACART to review and revise the guidelines. Relying on Re Lee, the landmark judgment of the High Court that found in favour of granting the permission sought and which sheds light on the legal aspects of posthumous reproduction in New Zealand, the current article discusses the approach endorsed by the HART Act regarding consent for posthumous retrieval and use of gametes.

scholarly journals International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technologies world report: assisted reproductive technology 2012†

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1900-1913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques de Mouzon ◽  
Georgina M Chambers ◽  
Fernando Zegers-Hochschild ◽  
Ragaa Mansour ◽  
Osamu Ishihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technology ◽  
Reproductive Medicine ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technology ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Human Reproduction ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Japan Society ◽  
World Report

Abstract STUDY QUESTION What was the utilization, effectiveness and safety of practices in ART globally in 2012 and what global trends could be observed? SUMMARY ANSWER The total number of ART cycles increased by almost 20% since 2011 and the main trends were an increase in frozen embryo transfers (FET), oocyte donation, preimplantation genetic testing and single embryo transfers (SET), whereas pregnancy and delivery rates (PR, DR) remained stable, and multiple deliveries decreased. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY ART is widely practiced throughout the world, but continues to be characterized by significant disparities in utilization, availability, practice, effectiveness and safety. The International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ICMART) annual world report provides a major tool for tracking trends in ART treatment for over 25 years and gives important data to ART professionals, public health authorities, patients and the general public. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A retrospective, cross-sectional survey on the utilization, effectiveness and safety of ART procedures performed globally during 2012 was carried out. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Sixty-nine countries and 2600 ART clinics submitted data on ART cycles performed during the year 2012, and their pregnancy outcome, through national and regional ART registries. ART cycles and outcomes are described at country, regional and global levels. Aggregate country data were processed and analyzed based on methods developed by ICMART. MAIN RESULTS AND ROLE OF CHANCE A total of 1 149 817 ART cycles were reported for the treatment year 2012. After imputing data for missing values and non-reporting clinics in reporting countries, 1 948 898 cycles (an increase of 18.6% from 2011) resulted in >465 286 babies (+17.9%) in reporting countries. China did not report and is not included in this estimate. The best estimate of global utilization including China is ∼2.8 million cycles and 0.9 million babies. From 2011 to 2012, the number of reported aspirations and FET cycles increased by 6.9% and 16.0%, respectively. The proportion of women aged 40 years or older undergoing non-donor ART increased from 24.0% in 2011 to 25.2% in 2012. ICSI, as a percentage of non-donor aspiration cycles, increased from 66.5% in 2011 to 68.9% in 2012. The IVF/ICSI combined delivery rates per fresh aspiration and FET cycles were 19.8% and 22.1%, respectively. In fresh non-donor cycles, SET increased from 31.4% in 2011 to 33.7% in 2012, while the average number of transferred embryos decreased from 1.91 to 1.88, respectively—but with wide country variation. The rates of twin deliveries following fresh non-donor transfers decreased from 19.6% in 2011 to 18.0% in 2012, and the triplet rate decreased from 0.9% to 0.8%. In FET non-donor cycles, SET was 54.8%, with an average of 1.54 embryos transferred and twin and triplet rates of 11.1% and 0.4%, respectively. The cumulative DR per aspiration increased from 28.0% in 2011 to 28.9% in 2012. The overall perinatal mortality rate per 1000 births was 21.4 following fresh IVF/ICSI and 15.9 per 1000 following FET. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The data presented depend on the quality and completeness of data submitted by individual countries to ICMART directly or through regional registries. This report covers approximately two-thirds of` world ART activity, with a major missing country, China. Continued efforts to improve the quality and consistency of reporting ART data by registries are still needed, including the use of internationally agreed standard definitions (International Glossary of Infertility and Fertility Care). WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The ICMART world reports provide the most comprehensive global statistical census and review of ART utilization, effectiveness, safety and quality. While ART treatment continues to increase globally, the wide disparities in access to treatment, procedures performed and embryo transfer practices warrant attention by clinicians and policy makers. With the increasing practice of SET and of freeze all and resulting increased proportion of FET cycles, it is clear that PR and DR per aspiration in fresh cycles do not give an overall accurate estimation of ART efficiency. It is time to use cumulative live birth rate per aspiration, combining the outcomes of FET cycles with the associated fresh cycle from which the embryos were obtained, and to obtain global consensus on this approach. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The authors declare no conflict of interest and no specific support from any organizations in relation to this manuscript. ICMART gratefully acknowledges financial support from the following organizations: American Society for Reproductive Medicine; European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology; Fertility Society of Australia; Japan Society for Reproductive Medicine; Japan Society of Fertilization and Implantation; Red Latinoamericana de Reproduccion Asistida; Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology; Ferring Pharmaceuticals and Abbott (both providing ICMART unrestricted grants unrelated to world reports). TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NA.

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