scholarly journals Bilateral pleural metastases of a primary central nervous system neuroblastoma in an adult: First case in the world

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lobna Loued ◽  
Asma Migaou ◽  
Mabrouk Abdelaaly ◽  
Ahlem Bellalah ◽  
Nesrine Fahem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
First Case ◽  
The World ◽  
Pleural Metastases

scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccination: From Interesting Agent to the Patient

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Anis Daou
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Lead Compound ◽  
Fda Approval ◽  
The World ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The vaccination for the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) is undergoing its final stages of analysis and testing. It is an impressive feat under the circumstances that we are on the verge of a potential breakthrough vaccination. This will help reduce the stress for millions of people around the globe, helping to restore worldwide normalcy. In this review, the analysis looks into how the new branch of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) came into the forefront of the world like a pandemic. This review will break down the details of what COVID-19 is, the viral family it belongs to and its background of how this family of viruses alters bodily functions by attacking vital human respiratory organs, the circulatory system, the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract. This review also looks at the process a new drug analogue undergoes, from (i) being a promising lead compound to (ii) being released into the market, from the drug development and discovery stage right through to FDA approval and aftermarket research. This review also addresses viable reasoning as to why the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine may have taken much less time than normal in order for it to be released for use.

Acute Pancreatitis Following Organophosphate Compound Poisoning: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-252
Author(s):  
Suman K. Jha ◽  
Sabin Chaulagain ◽  
Shiva Kumar Ojha ◽  
Angela Basnet Neela Sunuwar ◽  
Akanchha Khadka
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Organophosphate Compounds ◽  
The World ◽  
Agrarian Communities

Organophosphate compounds are chemicals containing central phosphate molecules with alkyl or aromatic substituent’s. They occur in diverse forms and are used as pesticides, herbicides, nerve agents, etc. Organophosphate compounds are frequently used as pesticides in agrarian communities all across the world. South Asian countries such as Nepal use vast quantities of Organophosphate compounds for pest control in agriculture. Therefore, accidental and suicidal ingestion of Organophosphate compound poisoning has been common especially among the agricultural rural communities. Apart from muscarinic, nicotinic and central nervous system effects in rare instances, Organophosphate compounds are known to cause pancreatitis.

Hemorrhagic Suprasellar Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumor in an Adult: Uncommon Features of an Extremely Rare Neoplasm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Piloni ◽  
Filippo Gagliardi ◽  
Michele Bailo ◽  
Lina Raffaella Barzaghi ◽  
Marcella Callea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Who Classification ◽  
Optic Chiasm ◽  
World Health ◽  
Embryonal Tumors ◽  
Embryonal Tumor ◽  
First Case ◽  
Diffusion Pattern

Abstract Background Occurrences of suprasellar central nervous system (CNS) embryonal tumors in adults are extremely rare. Hemorrhagic onset is further uncommon, with only anecdotic cases reported in the literature. The authors describe the case of a 57-year-old man affected by a suprasellar CNS embryonal tumor, with hemorrhagic onset and a unique diffusion pattern along the optic pathways. Material and Methods A 57-year-old man presenting with acute visual acuity worsening and left homonymous hemianopia was referred to our hospital. Neuroradiologic studies demonstrated an infiltrating, high-grade lesion involving the optic chiasm and right retrochiasmatic pathways with a hemorrhagic area in the ipsilateral pulvinar. Results The patient underwent microsurgical biopsy. Pathologic assessment confirmed the diagnosis of CNS embryonal tumor, not otherwise specified (NOS) according to the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of CNS tumors. The patient was referred to a multimodal adjuvant treatment; he eventually died 4 months after surgery. Competent literature has been systematically reviewed in the light of the relevant changes made in the last version of the WHO classification. Conclusion Embryonal tumors should be considered in the differential diagnosis for sellar and suprasellar space-occupying lesions, despite the rarity of the disease and the uncommon features at time of presentation. As per our knowledge, this is the first case ever described of hemorrhagic suprasellar embryonal tumor with a diffusion pattern along white matter fibers. Histogenesis, biomolecular and neuroradiologic features, and classification of embryonal tumors are an open field of research, with considerable implications for the definition of better diagnostic pitfalls and therapeutic regimens.

Cystic Trophoblastic Tumor in a Primary Central Nervous System Post-Chemotherapy Germ Cell Tumor: The First Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 925-928
Author(s):  
Ramya Gadde ◽  
Kanika Arora ◽  
Michelle Madden Felicella ◽  
Sohrab Arora ◽  
Liang Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cell Tumor ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Testicular Tumor ◽  
Cell Tumor ◽  
Smooth Muscle Tissue ◽  
Trophoblastic Tumor ◽  
First Case

Cystic trophoblastic tumor (CTT) is an uncommon trophoblastic proliferation of germ cell tumor origin, mostly reported in post-chemotherapy metastases of testicular germ cell tumors and rarely primary untreated testicular tumors. To date, we are not aware of occurrence in a non-testicular tumor. A 12-year-old boy presented with limb swelling, increased appetite, weight gain, and precocious puberty. Evaluation revealed right frontal lobe mass and elevated α-fetoprotein and β-human chorionic gonadotrophin. After response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the tumor was resected. Microscopically, the resection contained predominantly smooth muscle tissue with scattered small foci of glandular teratoma and CTT. Immunohistochemistry (SALL4, glypican 3) revealed no residual yolk sac tumor. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed gain of chromosome 12p. The patient has been disease-free for 13 years. This report expands the spectrum of primary central nervous system germ cell tumors with the occurrence of CTT in this site.

A Review on Coronaviruses: The Infectious Agent to Animals and Human

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
NiLuh Putu Indi Dharmayanti ◽  
Diana Nurjanah
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Structural Proteins ◽  
Fish Market ◽  
The World

Coronavirus is a non-segmented, positive-stranded RNA virus with four main structural proteins, namely Spike (S), Membrane (M), Envelope (E), and Nucleocapsid (N) proteins. Coronavirus can cause diseases in the respiratory and digestive tract, as well as in central nervous system of animals and humans. There are four genera in the Orthocoronavirinae subfamily, including <em>Alphacoronavirus</em>, <em>Betacoronavirus, Gammacoronavirus</em>, and <em>Deltacoronavirus</em>. <em>Alphacoronavirus </em>and <em>Betacoronavirus </em>are commonly found in mammals, while <em>Gammacoronavirus </em>and <em>Deltacoronavirus </em>are found to infect  birds and mammals. Until 2018, zoonoses coronaviruses consisted of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Coronavirus became worldwide concern after it was identified as the cause of the pneumonia outbreak occurred at the end of 2019 in China. The coronavirus is associated with the fish market in Wuhan, then the disease is called COVID-19 (Coronavirus Infectious Diseases-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2. Virus SARS-CoV-2 has infected &gt;1.6 million people around the world and until the end of March 2020, it caused more than 99.000 deaths including 3.512 cases with the total number of deaths to 306 in Indonesia. This paper discusses Coronavirus and scientific information related to Coronaviruses in which several variants are zoonoses.

Isolated Central Nervous System Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: Case Report

Neurosurgery ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. E187-E190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Shinoda ◽  
Satoru Murase ◽  
Katsunobu Takenaka ◽  
Noboru Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis ◽  
Complete Resolution ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan ◽  
Corticosteroid Administration ◽  
Surgical Specimen ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: The first case of histologically proven hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) isolated to the central nervous system (CNS) is reported. HLH affecting the CNS mimics several neurological disorders and may be misdiagnosed. The diagnostic and therapeutic problems of this disease are discussed. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: We report a case of a 5-year-old girl with a 2-month history of right hemiparesis. The initial magnetic resonance imaging scan mimicked the appearance of malignant glioma or cerebral infarction. By use of neuroimaging alone, it was extremely difficult to reach an appropriate diagnosis. INTERVENTION: Pathological examination of a surgical specimen of the lesion revealed histological characteristics typical of HLH. Because of the absence of both physical and blood chemical findings of systemic HLH, the patient was diagnosed as having HLH isolated in the CNS without systemic HLH. Radiotherapy with corticosteroid administration led to complete resolution of the CNS lesions, but the duration of remission was only 3 months. The patient died secondary to refractory progression of the CNS lesion. CONCLUSION: Radiotherapy with corticosteroid administration led to a complete resolution of the lesions, although for only a transitory remission. Although HLH is extremely rare, the existence of this disease isolated in the CNS should be documented, and further case accumulation and therapeutic investigations are needed to clarify the pathophysiological characteristics of this disease.

scholarly journals Solitary tentorial sarcoid granuloma associated with Propionibacterium acnes infection: case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiro Akimoto ◽  
Kenta Nagai ◽  
Daisuke Ogasawara ◽  
Yujiro Tanaka ◽  
Hitoshi Izawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Granulomatous Disease ◽  
Tentorium Cerebelli ◽  
First Case ◽  
Sarcoid Granuloma ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease with unknown cause, which very rarely occurs exclusively in the central nervous system. The authors performed biopsy sampling of a mass that developed in the left tentorium cerebelli that appeared to be a malignant tumor. The mass was diagnosed as a sarcoid granuloma, which was confirmed with the onset of antibody reaction product against Propionibacterium acnes. Findings suggesting sarcoidosis to be an immune response to P. acnes infection have recently been reported, and they give insight for diagnosis and treatment of this disease. The authors report the possible first case that was confirmed with P. acnes infection in a meningeal lesion in solitary neurosarcoidosis.

SUBPIAL HEMANGIOPERICYTOMA WITH MARKED EXTRAMEDULLARY GROWTH

Neurosurgery ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. E1336-E1337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daina Kashiwazaki ◽  
Kazutoshi Hida ◽  
Shunsuke Yano ◽  
Toshitaka Seki ◽  
Yoshinobu Iwasaki
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Thoracic Spine ◽  
Vascular Tumors ◽  
First Case ◽  
Intradural Tumor ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Fibrous Tumor ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord

Abstract OBJECTIVE Hemangiopericytomas, vascular tumors arising in soft tissue, are relatively rare in the central nervous system; they comprise less than 1% of all hemangiopericytomas. Central nervous system hemangiopericytomas occur primarily in the epidural space of the brain and spinal cord. There are no previous reports of subpial, extramedullary growing central nervous system hemangiopericytomas. CLINICAL PRESENTATION We document the first case of a subpial hemangiopericytoma with extramedullary growth in the thoracic spine. The patient was a 31-year-old man who developed progressively worsening left lower limb numbness that was followed by gait disturbance over the course of 4 months. INTERVENTION Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an intradural tumor at the T4–T6 level of the thoracic spine. Because the patient's symptoms progressed, he underwent resection of the tumor, which had arisen in the spinal cord subpially without attachment to the dura mater. CONCLUSION The pathological diagnosis was hemangiopericytoma. Differential diagnoses include hemangioblastoma, meningioma, schwannoma, and solitary fibrous tumor, the clinical course and prognosis of which are different from hemangiopericytoma. Our experience indicates that hemangiopericytomas can occur as intradural tumors arising from the subpial portion.

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