Development of a trace gas stable isotope capture system in a mobile laboratory for temporal and spatial sampling of field and laboratory experiments

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 2165-2171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niall McNamara ◽  
David Benham ◽  
Darren Sleep ◽  
Helen Grant ◽  
Andrew Stott
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Spatial Sampling ◽  
Trace Gas ◽  
Mobile Laboratory ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

scholarly journals Design and application of a mobile ground-based observatory for continuous measurements of atmospheric trace gas and criteria pollutant species

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 3481-3492 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Bush ◽  
F. M. Hopkins ◽  
J. T. Randerson ◽  
C.-T. Lai ◽  
J. R. Ehleringer
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Trace Gas ◽  
Mobile Laboratory ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Trace Gas Emissions ◽  
Criteria Pollutants ◽  
Position Data ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Atmospheric Trace Gas

Abstract. Ground-based measurements of atmospheric trace gas species and criteria pollutants are essential for understanding emissions dynamics across space and time. Gas composition in the lower 50 m of the atmosphere has the greatest direct impacts on human health as well as ecosystem processes; hence data at this level are necessary for addressing carbon-cycle- and public-health-related questions. However, such surface data are generally associated with stationary measurement towers, where spatial representation is limited due to the high cost of establishing and maintaining an extensive network of measurement stations. We describe here a compact mobile laboratory equipped to provide high-precision, high-frequency, continuous, on-road synchronous measurements of CO2, CO, CH4, H2O, NOx, O3, aerosol, meteorological, and geospatial position data. The mobile laboratory has been deployed across the western USA. In addition to describing the vehicle and its capacity, we present data that illustrate the use of the laboratory as a powerful tool for investigating the spatial structure of urban trace gas emissions and criteria pollutants at spatial scales ranging from single streets to whole ecosystem and regional scales. We assess the magnitude of known point sources of CH4 and also identify fugitive urban CH4 emissions. We illustrate how such a mobile laboratory can be used to better understand emissions dynamics and quantify emissions ratios associated with trace gas emissions from wildfire incidents. Lastly, we discuss additional mobile laboratory applications in health and urban metabolism.

scholarly journals Temporal and Spatial Variations in Freshwater 14C Reservoir Effects: Lake Mývatn, Northern Iceland

Radiocarbon ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 1098-1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
P L Ascough ◽  
G T Cook ◽  
M J Church ◽  
E Dunbar ◽  
Á Einarsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Radioactive Isotopes ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Freshwater Reservoir ◽  
Lake Mývatn

Lake Mývatn is an interior highland lake in northern Iceland that forms a unique ecosystem of international scientific importance and is surrounded by a landscape rich in archaeological and paleoenvironmental sites. A significant freshwater reservoir effect (FRE) has been identified in carbon from the lake at some Viking (about AD 870–1000) archaeological sites in the wider region (Mývatnssveit). Previous accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) measurements indicated this FRE was about 1500–1900 14C yr. Here, we present the results of a study using stable isotope and 14C measurements to quantify the Mývatn FRE for both the Viking and modern periods. This work has identified a temporally variable FRE that is greatly in excess of previous assessments. New, paired samples of contemporaneous bone from terrestrial herbivores and omnivores (including humans) from Viking sites demonstrate at least some omnivore diets incorporated sufficient freshwater resources to result in a herbivore-omnivore age offset of up to 400 14C yr. Modern samples of benthic detritus, aquatic plants, zooplankton, invertebrates, and freshwater fish indicate an FRE in excess of 5000 14C yr in some species. Likely geothermal mechanisms for this large FRE are discussed, along with implications for both chronological reconstruction and integrated investigation of stable and radioactive isotopes.

scholarly journals Design and application of a mobile ground-based observatory for continuous measurements of atmospheric trace-gas and criteria pollutant species

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Bush ◽  
F. M. Hopkins ◽  
J. T. Randerson ◽  
C.-T. Lai ◽  
J. R. Ehleringer
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Trace Gas ◽  
Mobile Laboratory ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Trace Gas Emissions ◽  
Criteria Pollutants ◽  
Position Data ◽  
Atmospheric Trace Gas

Abstract. Ground-based measurements of atmospheric trace gas species and criteria pollutants are essential for understanding emissions dynamics across space and time. Gas composition in the surface 50 m has the greatest direct impacts on human health as well as ecosystem processes, hence data at this level is necessary for addressing carbon cycle and public health related questions. However, such surface data are generally associated with stationary measurement towers, where spatial representation is limited due to the high cost of establishing and maintaining an extensive network of measurement stations. We describe here a compact mobile laboratory equipped to provide high-precision, high-frequency, continuous, on-road synchronous measurements of CO2, CO, CH4, H2O, NOx, O3, aerosol, meteorological, and geospatial position data. The mobile laboratory has been deployed across the western USA. In addition to describing the vehicle and its capacity, we present data that illustrate the use of the laboratory as a powerful tool for investigating the spatial structure of urban trace gas emissions and criteria pollutants at spatial scales ranging from single streets to whole ecosystem and regional scales. We identify fugitive urban CH4 emissions and assess the magnitude of CH4 emissions from known point sources. We illustrate how such a mobile laboratory can be used to better understand emissions dynamics and quantify emissions ratios associated with trace gas emissions from wildfire incidents. Lastly, we discuss additional mobile laboratory applications in health and urban metabolism.

scholarly journals Daily CO2 flux estimates over Europe from continuous atmospheric measurements: 1, inverse methodology

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1647-1678 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Peylin ◽  
P. J. Rayner ◽  
P. Bousquet ◽  
C. Carouge ◽  
F. Hourdin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Trace Gas ◽  
Initial Condition ◽  
Atmospheric Measurements ◽  
Atmospheric Concentration ◽  
Gas Fluxes ◽  
Trace Gas Fluxes ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Regional Fluxes

Abstract. This paper presents a method for inferring trace gas fluxes at high temporal and spatial resolution from atmospheric concentration measurements. The method is designed for regional applications and for use in intensive campaigns. We apply the method to a one month inversion 5 of fluxes over Europe. We show that the information added by the measurements depends critically on the smoothness constraint assumed among the source components. We show that the initial condition affects the inversion for 20 days, provided one has enough observing sites to constrain regional fluxes. We show that the impact of the far-field fluxes grows throughout the inversion and hence a 10 reasonable global flux field is a prerequisite for a regional inversion.

scholarly journals Effects of Farming Activities on the Temporal and Spatial Changes of Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes Present in Groundwater in the Hani Rice Terraces, Southwest China

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
Chengjing Liu ◽  
Yuanmei Jiao ◽  
Dongmei Zhao ◽  
Yinping Ding ◽  
Zhilin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Agricultural Watershed ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Elevation Gradients ◽  
Groundwater Circulation ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Landform changes caused by human activities can directly affect the recharge of groundwater, and are reflected in the temporal and spatial changes in groundwater stable isotope composition. These changes are particularly evident in high-intensity farming areas. In this study, we tested and analyzed groundwater stable isotope samples at different elevations of rice terraces in a typical agricultural watershed of the Hani Terraces, a World Heritage Cultural Landscape in southwest China. Thus, we determined the characteristic variations and factors that influence the temporal and spatial effects on groundwater stable isotopes in the Hani Terraces, which are under the influence of high-intensity farming activities. The elevation gradients of δ18O and δ2H in groundwater are significantly increased due to farming activities. The values were 0.88‰ (100 m)−1 and −4.5‰ (100 m)−1, respectively, and they changed with time. The groundwater circulation cycle is approximately three months. We also used the special temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the groundwater isotopes as a way to evaluate the source and periodic changes of groundwater recharge. In addition, high-intensity rice farming activities, such as ploughing every year from October to January can increase the supply of terraced water to groundwater, thus ensuring the sustainability of rice cultivation in the terraces during the dry season. This demonstrates the role of human wisdom in the sustainable and benign transformation of surface cover and the regulation of groundwater circulation.

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