Emerging drugs affecting skeletal muscle function and mitochondrial biogenesis - Potential implications for sports drug testing programs

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 635-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Thevis ◽  
Wilhelm Schänzer
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
Sports Drug Testing

scholarly journals Red Ginseng Improves Exercise Endurance by Promoting Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Myoblast Differentiation

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Ju Shin ◽  
Seongin Jo ◽  
Sungbin Choi ◽  
Chang-Won Cho ◽  
Won-Chul Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Myogenic Differentiation ◽  
Myoblast Differentiation ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Red Ginseng ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
Exercise Endurance

Red ginseng has been reported to elicit various therapeutic effects relevant to cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammatory diseases. However, the effect of red ginseng on exercise endurance and skeletal muscle function remains unclear. Herein, we sought to investigate whether red ginseng could affect exercise endurance and examined its molecular mechanism. Mice were fed with red ginseng extract (RG) and undertook swimming exercises to determine the time to exhaustion. Animals fed with RG had significantly longer swimming endurance. RG treatment was also observed to enhance ATP production levels in myoblasts. RG increased mRNA expressions of mitochondrial biogenesis regulators, NRF-1, TFAM, and PGC-1α, which was accompanied by an elevation in mitochondrial DNA, suggesting an enhancement in mitochondrial energy-generating capacity. Importantly, RG treatment induced phosphorylation of p38 and AMPK and upregulated PGC1α expression in both myoblasts and in vivo muscle tissue. In addition, RG treatment also stimulated C2C12 myogenic differentiation. Our findings show that red ginseng improves exercise endurance, suggesting that it may have applications in supporting skeletal muscle function and exercise performance.

Ursolic acid induces mitochondrial biogenesis through the activation of AMPK and PGC-1 in C2C12 myotubes: a possible mechanism underlying its beneficial effect on exercise endurance

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 2425-2436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihang Chen ◽  
Hoi Shan Wong ◽  
Pou Kuan Leong ◽  
Hoi Yan Leung ◽  
Wing Man Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
C2c12 Myotubes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
Critical Determinant ◽  
Exercise Endurance ◽  
Mitochondrial Number

Mitochondrial biogenesis, which involves an increase in mitochondrial number and the overall capacity of oxidative phosphorylation, is a critical determinant of skeletal muscle function.

scholarly journals Gait disturbances and muscle dysfunction in fibroblast growth factor 2 knockout mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Homer-Bouthiette ◽  
L. Xiao ◽  
Marja M. Hurley
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Gait Disturbances

AbstractFibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is important in musculoskeletal homeostasis, therefore the impact of reduction or Fgf2 knockout on skeletal muscle function and phenotype was determined. Gait analysis as well as muscle strength testing in young and old WT and Fgf2KO demonstrated age-related gait disturbances and reduction in muscle strength that were exacerbated in the KO condition. Fgf2 mRNA and protein were significantly decreased in skeletal muscle of old WT compared with young WT. Muscle fiber cross-sectional area was significantly reduced with increased fibrosis and inflammatory infiltrates in old WT and Fgf2KO vs. young WT. Inflammatory cells were further significantly increased in old Fgf2KO compared with old WT. Lipid-related genes and intramuscular fat was increased in old WT and old Fgf2KO with a further increase in fibro-adipocytes in old Fgf2KO compared with old WT. Impaired FGF signaling including Increased β-Klotho, Fgf21 mRNA, FGF21 protein, phosphorylated FGF receptors 1 and 3, was observed in old WT and old Fgf2KO. MAPK/ ERK1/2 was significantly increased in young and old Fgf2KO. We conclude that Fgf2KO, age-related decreased FGF2 in WT mice, and increased FGF21 in the setting of impaired Fgf2 expression likely contribute to impaired skeletal muscle function and sarcopenia in mice.

scholarly journals Fourteen days of smoking cessation improves muscle fatigue resistance and reverses markers of systemic inflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Z. Darabseh ◽  
Thomas M. Maden-Wilkinson ◽  
George Welbourne ◽  
Rob C. I. Wüst ◽  
Nessar Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Fatigue Resistance ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
Tnf Α

AbstractCigarette smoking has a negative effect on respiratory and skeletal muscle function and is a risk factor for various chronic diseases. To assess the effects of 14 days of smoking cessation on respiratory and skeletal muscle function, markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in humans. Spirometry, skeletal muscle function, circulating carboxyhaemoglobin levels, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), markers of oxidative stress and serum cytokines were measured in 38 non-smokers, and in 48 cigarette smokers at baseline and after 14 days of smoking cessation. Peak expiratory flow (p = 0.004) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity (p = 0.037) were lower in smokers compared to non-smokers but did not change significantly after smoking cessation. Smoking cessation increased skeletal muscle fatigue resistance (p < 0.001). Haemoglobin content, haematocrit, carboxyhaemoglobin, total AGEs, malondialdehyde, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 (p < 0.05) levels were higher, and total antioxidant status (TAS), IL-12p70 and eosinophil numbers were lower (p < 0.05) in smokers. IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12p70 had returned towards levels seen in non-smokers after 14 days smoking cessation (p < 0.05), and IL-2 and TNF-α showed a similar pattern but had not yet fully returned to levels seen in non-smokers. Haemoglobin, haematocrit, eosinophil count, AGEs, MDA and TAS did not significantly change with smoking cessation. Two weeks of smoking cessation was accompanied with an improved muscle fatigue resistance and a reduction in low-grade systemic inflammation in smokers.

Beneficial effects of citrulline malate on skeletal muscle function in endotoxemic rat

2009 ◽  
Vol 602 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît Giannesini ◽  
Marguerite Izquierdo ◽  
Yann Le Fur ◽  
Patrick J. Cozzone ◽  
Marc Verleye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Citrulline Malate

Skeletal Muscle Function Is Dependent Upon BRCA1 to Maintain Genomic Stability

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Tarpey ◽  
Adam J. Amorese ◽  
Elizabeth R. LaFave ◽  
Everett C. Minchew ◽  
Kelsey H. Fisher-Wellman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Genomic Stability ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function
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