Beyond the Planck-Benzinger thermal work function: New insights into the role of molecular switches in biology

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 323-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. Chun
Keyword(s):  
Work Function ◽  
Molecular Switches ◽  
Thermal Work

scholarly journals Optogenetics and photopharmacology in pain research and therapeutics

STEMedicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. e43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Iseppon ◽  
Manuel Arcangeletti
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Molecular Switches ◽  
Genetic Profiling ◽  
Pain Research ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
The Brain

Pain afflicts billions of people worldwide, who suffer especially from long-term chronic pain. This gruelling condition affects the nervous system at all levels: from the brain to the spinal cord, the Dorsal Root Ganglia (DRG) and the peripheral fibres innervating the skin. The nature of the different molecular and cellular components of the somatosensory modalities, as well as the complexity of the peripheral and central circuitry are yet poorly understood. Light-based techniques such as optogenetics, in concert with the recent advances in single-cell genetic profiling, can help to elucidate the role of diverse neuronal sub-populations in the encoding of different sensory and painful stimuli by switching these neurons on and off via optically active proteins, namely opsins.  Recently, photopharmacology has emerged from the efforts made to advance optogenetics. The introduction of azo-benzene-based light-sensitive molecular switches has been applied to a wide variety of molecular targets, from ion channels and receptors to transporters, enzymes and many more, some of which are paramount for pain research and therapy. In this Review, we summarise the recent advances in the fields of optogenetics and photopharmacology and we discuss the use of light-based techniques for the study of acute and chronic pain physiology, as well as their potential for future therapeutic use to improve pain treatment.

scholarly journals Role of the Metal-Oxide Work Function on Photocurrent Generation in Hybrid Solar Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chawloon Thu ◽  
Philipp Ehrenreich ◽  
Ka Kan Wong ◽  
Eugen Zimmermann ◽  
James Dorman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Work Function ◽  
Hybrid Solar Cells ◽  
Photocurrent Generation

The Mobility Puzzle and Irreconcilable Choices

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranita Ray
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Work Function ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Marginalized Youth ◽  
Early Parenthood ◽  
Cultural Turn ◽  
Expansion Of Higher Education

This chapter provides an overview of academic debates around the role of structure, culture, and agency in understanding the reproduction of poverty. It is argued that the recent “cultural turn” in poverty studies continues to construct drugs, gangs, violence, and early parenthood as central narratives in the lives of poor black and brown youth, while it privileges middle-class cultural norms. In doing so, scholars ignore the trajectories of youth who continuously struggle to become upwardly mobile. Families, romantic ties, and institutions of school and work function in paradoxical ways in the lives of marginalized youth—providing support while creating impediments as youth are forced to figure out a complex mobility puzzle while piecing together the scant resources available to them. This chapter also highlights how expansion of higher education and the service industry shapes educational and occupational trajectories of marginalized youth. It concludes with a discussion on issues of fieldwork and methodology.

scholarly journals The role of cation and anion dopant incorporated into a ZnO electron transporting layer for polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (65) ◽  
pp. 37714-37723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soyeon Kim ◽  
Jaehoon Jeong ◽  
Quoc Viet Hoang ◽  
Joo Won Han ◽  
Adi Prasetio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Work Function ◽  
Bulk Heterojunction ◽  
Heterojunction Solar Cells ◽  
Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells ◽  
Conductivity Change ◽  
Polymer Bulk ◽  
Electron Transporting Layer

The role of cation and anion dopant incorporated into a ZnO layer was systematically investigated. We found that the work function was changed to favor electronic extraction only with Cl anion, while the conductivity change depended on the cation.

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