Combination of varenicline and naltrexone may benefit drinking, but not smoking, outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 3-4
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Outcomes

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Potential Unintended Consequences of a Nicotine Product Standard: A Focus on Drinking History and Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah S Dermody ◽  
Katelyn M Tessier ◽  
Ellen Meier ◽  
Mustafa al’Absi ◽  
Rachel L Denlinger-Apte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Nicotine Content ◽  
Drinking History ◽  
Product Standard ◽  
Smoking Outcomes

Abstract Background A nicotine product standard reducing the nicotine content in cigarettes could improve public health by reducing smoking. This study evaluated the potential unintended consequences of a reduced-nicotine product standard by examining its effects on (1) smoking behaviors based on drinking history; (2) drinking behavior; and (3) daily associations between smoking and drinking. Methods Adults who smoke daily (n=752) in the United States were randomly assigned to smoke very low nicotine content (VLNC) versus normal nicotine content (NNC; control) cigarettes for 20 weeks. Linear mixed models determined if baseline drinking moderated the effects of VLNC versus NNC cigarettes on Week 20 smoking outcomes. Time-varying effect models estimated the daily association between smoking VLNC cigarettes and drinking outcomes. Results Higher baseline alcohol use (versus no-use or lower use) was associated with a smaller effect of VLNC on Week 20 urinary total nicotine equivalents (ps<.05). No additional moderation was supported (ps>.05). In the subsample who drank (n=415), in the VLNC versus NNC condition, daily alcohol use was significantly reduced from Week 17-20 and odds of binge drinking were significantly reduced from Week 9-17. By Week 7 in the VLNC cigarette condition (n=272), smoking no longer predicted alcohol use but remained associated with binge drinking. Conclusions We did not support negative unintended consequences of a nicotine product standard. Nicotine reduction in cigarettes generally impacted smoking behavior for individuals who do not drink or drink light-to-moderate amounts in similar ways. Extended VLNC cigarette use may improve public health by reducing drinking behavior. Implications There was no evidence that a very low nicotine content product standard would result in unintended consequences based on drinking history or when considering alcohol outcomes. Specifically, we found that a very low nicotine standard in cigarettes generally reduces smoking outcomes for those who do not drink and those who drink light-to-moderate amounts. Furthermore, an added public health benefit of a very low nicotine standard for cigarettes could be a reduction in alcohol use and binge drinking over time. Finally, smoking very low nicotine content cigarettes may result in a decoupling of the daily associations between smoking and drinking.

A comparison of the smoking outcomes of self-reported and agency-notified child abuse in a population-based birth cohort at 30-year-old-follow-up

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Kisely ◽  
Lane Strathearn ◽  
Jake Moses Najman
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Retrospective Studies ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Smoking Outcomes

Abstract Introduction Retrospective studies show a strong association between self-reported child abuse and subsequent tobacco use. Prospective studies using reports to statutory agencies are less common with limited information on people in their 30s. In addition, there have been no comparisons of the effect of self- and agency-reported abuse on smoking. We therefore assessed the effect on the prevalence and persistence of smoking at the 30-year-old follow-up of prospective agency notifications of child abuse compared to retrospective self-reports of maltreatment in the same birth cohort. Methods There were 2443 young adults with data on smoking and child abuse at 30-year-old follow-up. Information on self-reported abuse was collected using the Child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and linked to notifications of child maltreatment to statutory agencies. Results The prevalence of self- and agency-reported maltreatment was 600 (24.7%) and 142 (5.8%) respectively. At follow-up, 565 participants smoked (23.1 %) but only 91 (3.8%) smoked 20 or more cigarettes a day. Of the 206 participants who smoked at 14 years, 101 were still smoking at follow-up. On adjusted analyses, both self- and agency-reported maltreatment showed a significant association with the prevalence and persistence of smoking from 14 years old. However, associations were weaker for some of the agency-notified child maltreatment subtypes possibly because of lower numbers. Conclusions Child maltreatment is associated with both an increased prevalence and persistence of smoking at 30-year-old follow-up irrespective of reporting source. This is despite self- and agency-reported maltreatment possibly representing different populations. Smoking cessation programmes should therefore target both groups. Implications Retrospective studies show an association between self-reported child abuse and subsequent tobacco use. Prospective studies of reports to statutory agencies are less common with limited information on people in their 30s. In addition, there have been no comparisons of self- and agency-reported abuse on smoking outcomes even though they may represent different populations. We therefore compared the effect of both on smoking outcomes at 30-year-old follow-up of 2443 adults from the same birth cohort. On adjusted analyses, both self- and agency-reported maltreatment showed significant associations with the prevalence and persistence of smoking. Smoking prevention and cessation programmes should therefore target both groups.

scholarly journals Sex, ADHD symptoms, and smoking outcomes: An integrative model

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 585-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth E. Van Voorhees ◽  
John T. Mitchell ◽  
F. Joseph McClernon ◽  
Jean C. Beckham ◽  
Scott H. Kollins
Keyword(s):  
Integrative Model ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Smoking Outcomes

scholarly journals The Influence of Peer Genotypes and Behavior on Smoking Outcomes: Evidence from Add Health

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramina Sotoudeh ◽  
Dalton Conley ◽  
Kathleen Mullan Harris
Keyword(s):  
Add Health ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Smoking Outcomes

A Randomized Trial of Targeted Educational Materials for Smoking Cessation in African Americans Using Transdermal Nicotine

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 911-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Nollen ◽  
Jasjit S. Ahluwalia ◽  
Matthew S. Mayo ◽  
Kim Richter ◽  
Won S. Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Standard Care ◽  
Smoking Reduction ◽  
Educational Materials ◽  
Process Outcomes ◽  
Transdermal Nicotine ◽  
Telephone Calls ◽  
Readiness To Quit ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Smoking Outcomes

This study examines the efficacy of targeted versus standard care smoking cessation materials among urban African American smokers. Five hundred smokers (250 to each group) are randomized to receive a culturally targeted or standard care videotape and print guide. Both groups receive 8 weeks of nicotine patches and reminder telephone calls at Weeks 1 and 3. Process outcomes include material use and salience at 1 and 4 weeks postbaseline. Smoking outcomes include 7-day abstinence, smoking reduction, and readiness to quit at 4 weeks and 6 months postbaseline. Despite greater use of the targeted guide (68.8% vs. 59.6%, p < .05), intervention participants do not perceive the targeted materials as more salient, and no significant differences are found between groups on the smoking outcomes. Findings point to the importance of greater audience segmentation and individual tailoring to better match intervention materials to the needs of the priority population.

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