Determination of cosmetic ingredients causing extrusion-coated and adhesive joint multilayer packaging delamination

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 415-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvaro Garrido-López ◽  
Andrea Santa-Cruz ◽  
Elisabet Moreno ◽  
Judit Cornago ◽  
María Concepción Cañas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adhesive Joint ◽  
Cosmetic Ingredients

scholarly journals Apparent Young’s Modulus of the Adhesive in Numerical Modeling of Adhesive Joints

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 328
Author(s):  
Kamil Anasiewicz ◽  
Józef Kuczmaszewski
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Adhesive Joint ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Adhesive Joints ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Element Simulation ◽  
Joint Material

This article is an evaluation of the phenomena occurring in adhesive joints during curing and their consequences. Considering changes in the values of Young’s modulus distributed along the joint thickness, and potential changes in adhesive strength in the cured state, the use of a numerical model may make it possible to improve finite element simulation effects and bring their results closer to experimental data. The results of a tensile test of a double overlap adhesive joint sample, performed using an extensometer, are presented. This test allowed for the precise determination of the shear modulus G of the cured adhesive under experimental conditions. Then, on the basis of the research carried out so far, a numerical model was built, taking the differences observed in the properties of the joint material into account. The stress distribution in a three-zone adhesive joint was analyzed in comparison to the standard numerical model in which the adhesive in the joint was treated as isotropic. It is proposed that a joint model with three-zones, differing in the Young’s modulus values, is more accurate for mapping the experimental results.

scholarly journals Analysis of Dyes in Cosmetics: Challenges and Recent Developments

Cosmetics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenia Guerra ◽  
Maria Llompart ◽  
Carmen Garcia-Jares
Keyword(s):  
Decisive Role ◽  
Analytical Control ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Cosmetic Product ◽  
Hydrophilic Nature ◽  
Cosmetic Ingredients ◽  
World Markets ◽  
Recent Developments

Colour plays a decisive role in the marketing of a cosmetic product. Among thousands of substances used to colour, synthetic dyes are the most widespread in the industry. Their potential secondary effects on human health and different regulatory requirements for their use between the main world markets make analytical control necessary to guarantee the safety of a cosmetic product. However, methodologies for the determination of dyes in cosmetics are scarce with respect to those reported for other cosmetic ingredients such as preservatives or ultraviolet UV filters. In addition, most of the existing methods just consider a part of the total of dyes regulated. On the other hand, many methods have been developed for matrices different than cosmetics such as foodstuff, beverages or wastewater. The current paper reviews the recent developments in analytical methodologies for the control of synthetic dyes in cosmetics proposed in the international scientific literature in the last 10 years (2008–2018). A trend towards the use of miniaturized extraction techniques is evidenced. Due to the hydrophilic nature of dyes, liquid chromatography is the most usual choice in combination with absorbance detectors and, more recently, with mass spectrometry.

scholarly journals Determination of the fracture envelope of an adhesive joint as a function of moisture

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 1181-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tânia A. F. Rodrigues ◽  
Filipe J. P. Chaves ◽  
Lucas F. M. da Silva ◽  
Marcelo Costa ◽  
Ana Q. Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Adhesive Joint ◽  
Fracture Envelope

scholarly journals Use of Nanomaterial-Based (Micro)Extraction Techniques for the Determination of Cosmetic-Related Compounds

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2586
Author(s):  
José Grau ◽  
Juan L. Benedé ◽  
Alberto Chisvert
Keyword(s):  
Parent Compound ◽  
Environmental Surveillance ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Trace Level ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Cosmetic Ingredients ◽  
Absorption Studies ◽  
Related Compounds ◽  
Harmful Effects

The high consumer demand for cosmetic products has caused the authorities and the industry to require rigorous analytical controls to assure their safety and efficacy. Thus, the determination of prohibited compounds that could be present at trace level due to unintended causes is increasingly important. Furthermore, some cosmetic ingredients can be percutaneously absorbed, further metabolized and eventually excreted or bioaccumulated. Either the parent compound and/or their metabolites can cause adverse health effects even at trace level. Moreover, due to the increasing use of cosmetics, some of their ingredients have reached the environment, where they are accumulated causing harmful effects in the flora and fauna at trace levels. To this regard, the development of sensitive analytical methods to determine these cosmetic-related compounds either for cosmetic control, for percutaneous absorption studies or for environmental surveillance monitoring is of high interest. In this sense, (micro)extraction techniques based on nanomaterials as extraction phase have attracted attention during the last years, since they allow to reach the desired selectivity. The aim of this review is to provide a compilation of those nanomaterial-based (micro)extraction techniques for the determination of cosmetic-related compounds in cosmetic, biological and/or environmental samples spanning from the first attempt in 2010 to the present.

Safety Assessment of Modified Terephthalate Polymers as Used in Cosmetics

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 36S-47S ◽  
Author(s):  
Lillian C. Becker ◽  
Wilma F. Bergfeld ◽  
Donald V. Belsito ◽  
Ronald A. Hill ◽  
Curtis D. Klaassen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Safety Data ◽  
Bulking Agents ◽  
Ocular Irritation ◽  
Cosmetic Ingredients ◽  
Animal Safety ◽  
Use Studies

The safety of 6 modified terephthalate polymers as cosmetic ingredients was assessed. These ingredients mostly function as exfoliants, bulking agents, hair fixatives, and viscosity-increasing agents—nonaqueous. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is used in leave-on products up to 100% and in rinse-off products up to 2%. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (Panel) considered that the PET used in cosmetics is chemically equivalent to that used in medical devices. The Panel determined that the Food and Drug Administration’s determination of safety of PET in several medical devices, which included human and animal safety data, can be used as the basis for the determination of safety of PET and related polymers used in cosmetics. Use studies of cosmetic eye products that contain PET demonstrated no ocular irritation or dermal sensitization. The Panel concluded that modified terephthalate polymers were safe as cosmetic ingredients in the practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment.

Residual Stress Measurement in Inorganic Phosphate Adhesive Joint by Raman Spectroscopy

2015 ◽  
Vol 775 ◽  
pp. 197-203
Author(s):  
Cheng Kun Ma ◽  
Ji Feng Zhang ◽  
Hui Qi ◽  
Li Min Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Adhesive Joint ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Raman Effect ◽  
Stress Mode ◽  
Test Points

This paper deals with the determination of residual stress in SiC adherend bonded with inorganic phosphate adhesive using Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy in a micro-Raman system. To determine the stress mode in the specimen, we descript the corresponding relation between the Raman effect and residual stress. The laser with wavelength at 532nm and 785nm was respectively applied to test hundreds of test points on the SiC adherend and selected 785nm wavelength laser as the illuminant. Meanwhile, Raman imaging was used to analyze the surface of SiC and inorganic phosphate adhesive. Meanwhile, we determined the unreliability of estimating by Si peak. Taking E2-TO peak as reference, residual stress of six selected points was obtained. Then, we summarized the mechanism of compressive stress, and analyzed the stress change regulation.

scholarly journals Interfacial Fracture Toughness Assessment of a New Titanium–CFRP Adhesive Joint: An Experimental Comparative Study

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panayiotis Tsokanas ◽  
Theodoros Loutas ◽  
Peter Nijhuis
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Adhesive Joint ◽  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Interfacial Fracture ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Adhesively Bonded ◽  
Aircraft Wings ◽  
Reinforced Plastic ◽  
Passenger Aircraft

Adhesive joints between dissimilar layers of metals and composites are increasingly used by different industries, as they promise significant weight savings and, consequently, a reduction in energy consumption and pollutant emissions. In the present work, the interfacial fracture behavior of a new titanium–carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) adhesive joint is experimentally investigated using the double cantilever beam (DCB) and end-notched flexure (ENF) test configurations. A potential application of this joint is in future large passenger aircraft wings. Four characteristic industry relevant manufacturing approaches are proposed: co-bonding with/without adhesive and secondary bonding using thermoset/thermoplastic CFRP. For all of them, the vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) technique is utilized. To prevent titanium yielding during testing, two aluminum backing beams are adhesively bonded onto the primary joint. A data reduction scheme recently proposed by the authors, which considers effects such as bending–extension coupling and manufacturing-induced residual thermal stresses, is utilized for determination of the fracture toughness of the joint. The load–displacement responses, fracture behaviors during testing, and fracture toughness performances of the four manufacturing options (MOs) under consideration are presented and compared.

scholarly journals Methylglyoxal, the Major Antibacterial Factor in Manuka Honey: An Alternative to Preserve Natural Cosmetics?

Cosmetics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Juliano ◽  
Giovanni Magrini
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Manuka Honey ◽  
Natural Beauty ◽  
Health Consumer ◽  
Cosmetic Ingredients ◽  
Microbiological Techniques ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Time Kill

Microbial safety is an essential prerequisite of cosmetics, and preservatives are required to prevent product spoilage and damage to consumers’ health. Consumer concern about the safety of some cosmetic ingredients and the increasing demand for more natural beauty products has driven cosmetic industries and formulators to find natural alternatives to replace synthetic preservatives currently used. In this study, methylglyoxal (MGO, the main factor responsible for the antimicrobial activity of manuka honey) was tested for antimicrobial activity against a panel of selected bacteria and mycetes by using conventional microbiological techniques (determination of M.I.C., time-kill assay), and its potential preservative in an O/W emulsion was investigated (challenge test). MGO showed a remarkable and fast antibacterial activity (M.I.C. values 0.150–0.310 mg/mL), while the inhibitory activity against fungi was less marked (M.I.C. values 1.25–10 mg/mL); chitosan has proven to be a synergist of antimicrobial effectiveness of MGO. Results of the challenge test showed that the addition of MGO to a cream formulation was efficient against microbial contamination. On the basis of our results, MGO appears to be a good candidate as a cosmetic preservative of natural origin; further studies are needed to confirm its applicability and its safety.

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