scholarly journals Garcinia kola and garcinoic acid suppress SARS‐CoV ‐2 spike glycoprotein S1 ‐induced hyper‐inflammation in human PBMCs through inhibition of NF‐κB activation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olumayokun A Olajide ◽  
Victoria U Iwuanyanwu ◽  
Izabela Lepiarz‐Raba ◽  
Alaa A Al‐Hindawi ◽  
Mutalib A Aderogba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Pbmcs ◽  
Spike Glycoprotein ◽  
Garcinia Kola

scholarly journals Garcinia kola and garcinoic acid suppress SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein S1-induced hyper-inflammation in human PBMCs through inhibition of NF-κB activation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olumayokun A Olajide ◽  
Victoria U Iwuanyanwu ◽  
Izabela Lepairz-Raba ◽  
Alaa A Al-Hindawi ◽  
Mutalib A Aderogba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Lung Epithelial Cells ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Luciferase Expression ◽  
Human Pbmcs ◽  
Spike Glycoprotein ◽  
Garcinia Kola ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Pre Treatment

Symptoms and complications associated with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and organ damage have been linked to SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein S1-induced increased production of pro inflammatory cytokines by immune cells. In this study, the effects of an extract of Garcinia kola seeds and garcinoic acid were investigated in SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein S1-stimulated human PBMCs. Results of ELISA experiments revealed that Garcinia kola extract (6.25, 12.5 and 25 μg/mL) and garcinoic acid (1.25, 2.5 and 5 μM) significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein S1-induced increased secretion of TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β and IL-8 in PBMCs. In-cell western assays showed that pre-treatment with Garcinia kola extract and garcinoic acid reduced elevated expressions of both phospho-p65 and phospho-IκBα proteins, as well as NF-κB DNA binding capacity and NF-κB driven luciferase expression following stimulation of PBMCs with spike glycoprotein S1. Furthermore, pre-treatment of PBMCs with Garcinia kola extract prior to stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein S1 resulted in reduced damage to adjacent A549 lung epithelial cells. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) and HPLC-PDA confirmed the presence of garcinoic acid in the Garcinia kola extract used in this study. These results suggest that the seed of Garcinia kola and garcinoic acid are natural products which may possess pharmacological/therapeutic benefits in reducing cytokine storm during the late stage of severe SARS-CoV-2 and other coronavirus infections.

Is the Rigidity of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Motif the Hallmark for Its Enhanced Infectivity and Pathogenesis?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Spinello ◽  
Andrea Saltalamacchia ◽  
Alessandra Magistrato
Keyword(s):  
Health Economic ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Binding Motif ◽  
Spike Glycoprotein ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Medical Countermeasures ◽  
High Infectivity ◽  
Human Receptor

<p>The latest outbreak of a new pathogenic coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is provoking a global health, economic and societal crisis. All-atom simulations enabled us to uncover the key molecular traits underlying the high affinity of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein towards its human receptor, providing a rationale to its high infectivity. Harnessing this knowledge can boost developing effective medical countermeasures to fight the current global pandemic.</p>

Unique nCoV-2019 (COVID 19) spike glycoprotein processing by host protease: Analysis and Implication on infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajoy Basak ◽  
Sarmistha Basak
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Spike Glycoprotein ◽  
Binding Domains ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Crucial Information ◽  
Glycoprotein Processing ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Host Reservoir

: The current global pandemic outbreak of a novel type of corona virus termed by World Health Organization as COVID-19 became an grave concern and worry to human health and world economy. Intense research efforts are now underway worldwide to combat and prevent the spread of this deadly disease. This zoonotic virus, a native to bat population is most likely transmitted to human via a host reservoir. Due to its close similarity to previously known SARS CoV (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus) of 2002 and related MERS CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus) of 2012, it is also known as SARS CoV2. But unlike them it is far too infectious, virulent and lethal. Among its various proteins, the surface spike glycoprotein “S” has drawn significant attention because of its implication in viral recognition and host-virus fusion process. A detail comparative analysis of “S” proteins of SARS CoV (now called SARS CoV1), SARS CoV2 (COVID-19) and MERS CoV based on structure, sequence alignment, host cleavage sites, receptor binding domains, potential glycosylation and Cys-disulphide bridge locations has been performed. It revealed some key features and variations that may elucidate the high infection and virulence character of COVID-19. Moreover this crucial information may become useful in our quest for COVID-19 therapeutics and vaccines.

Role of key point Mutations in Receptor Binding Domain of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bipin Singh
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Spike Glycoprotein ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Recent Outbreak ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Genomic Similarity

: The recent outbreak of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 or 2019-nCoV) and its worldwide spread is posing one of the major threats to human health and the world economy. It has been suggested that SARS-CoV-2 is similar to SARSCoV based on the comparison of the genome sequence. Despite the genomic similarity between SARS-CoV-2 and SARSCoV, the spike glycoprotein and receptor binding domain in SARS-CoV-2 shows the considerable difference compared to SARS-CoV, due to the presence of several point mutations. The analysis of receptor binding domain (RBD) from recently published 3D structures of spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 (Yan, R., et al. (2020); Wrapp, D., et al. (2020); Walls, A. C., et al. (2020)) highlights the contribution of a few key point mutations in RBD of spike glycoprotein and molecular basis of its efficient binding with human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2).

In vitro Culture of Human PBMCs

BIO-PROTOCOL ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Panda ◽  
Balachandran Ravindran
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Human Pbmcs

Modulatory Role of Kolaviron (KV), a Biflavonoid from Garcinia kola, in Sodium Arsenite-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Haematotoxicity in Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Olalekan Samson Agboola ◽  
Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi ◽  
Temidayo Olutayo Omobowale ◽  
Ebunoluwa Rachel Asenuga ◽  
Adebowale Bernard Saba
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Arsenite ◽  
Garcinia Kola

scholarly journals OP0073 Histone release into the cytoplasm of human pbmcs and preapoptotic lymphoblasts

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Gabler ◽  
T Hieronymus ◽  
N Blank ◽  
M Schiller ◽  
JH Berden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Pbmcs
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