The genus Glycyrrhiza (Fabaceae family) and its active constituents as protective agents against natural or chemical toxicities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somaye Heidari ◽  
Soghra Mehri ◽  
Hossein Hosseinzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Active Constituents ◽  
Protective Agents

Molecular Mechanism of Apoptosis Induction by Resveratrol, a Natural Cancer Chemopreventive Agent

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan ◽  
Jiang ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Bai
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Apoptosis Induction ◽  
Protective Agents ◽  
Chemopreventive Agent ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Apoptosis Pathways ◽  
Present Understanding

In efforts to identify naturally occurring compounds that act as protective agents, resveratrol, a phytoalexin existing in wine, has attracted much interest because of its diverse pharmacological characteristics. Considering that apoptosis induction is the most potent defense approach for cancer treatment, we have tried to summarize our present understanding of apoptosis induction by resveratrol based on the two major apoptosis pathways.

Extraction, isolation and characterization of Bauhinia variegata flower

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Akanksha Gupta ◽  
Abhishek K Tripathi ◽  
Pushpraj S Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Molecular Formula ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Compound A ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Chromatographic Techniques ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Bauhinia Variegata

Background: Bauhinia variegata Linn. is a native plant of Asia and China. B. variegata is found in tropical regions of the world. It belongs to family Leguminosae. It is used for diarrhea, hemorrhoids, constipation, piles, edema, leprosy, wounds, tumors, etc.  Objective: The objective of the present study was to perform extraction of B. variegata flower and isolation of active constituents from the extract. Materials and Methods: The ethanolic extraction of B. variegata flower was performed using the Soxhlet apparatus. The isolation of active constituents from the extract was performed using chromatographic techniques. In column chromatographic studies, n-hexane- [dichloromethane (DCM)] (2:8) was used as an eluting system and further purified through thin layer chromatography (TLC). Compound A and B were isolated through chromatographic techniques, then the molecular formula and characterization of these compounds were carried out with mass and infrared (IR) spectral analysis. Results and Discussion: The percentage yield of B. variegata ethanolic extract (BVE) was found to be 20.8% w/w. The different fractions were F1 having 12.5 grams with n-hexane, F2 (17.1 grams) with CH2Cl2, F3 (21.2 grams) with EtOAc, and F4 (13.4 grams) with EtOH. Compound A and B were isolated from the solvent fractions of n-hexane-DCM (2:8) and EtOAc-DCM (1:9), respectively. The compound A was characterized as 3-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one. The compound B was characterized as 3-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one. Conclusion: Thus, B. variegata flowers possess active components that need to identify their biological activities.

Verbascum sinaiticum: A Rich Source of Antioxidant Phenylethanoid Glycosides

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humaira Yasmeen Gondal ◽  
Roshan Zamir ◽  
Muhammad Nisar ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Active Fraction ◽  
Phenylethanoid Glycosides ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Soluble Part

Background: The genus Verbascum is well documented for its antioxidant potential but Verbascum sinaiticum is comparatively less studied plant. The current study was carried out to search for antioxidant nutraceuticals from this species. Objective: To explore the antioxidant potential of Verbascum sinaiticum and to identify its active constituents. Methods: The methanolic extract of air-dried aerial part of the Verbascum sinaiticum was partitioned with hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate. The water-soluble part of ethyl acetate afforded six phenylethanoid glycosides by repeated chromatography over Sephadex LH-20, silica gel and ODS columns. Antioxidant activity of solvent extracts and isolated constituents were evaluated by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays. Results: Six phenylethanoid glycosides was isolated and characterized as Verbascoside, Eukovoside, Martynoside, Jionoside D, Campneoside I and Campneoside II, from the most active fraction. Conclusion: Verbascum sinaiticum demonstrated prospective antioxidant activity. The watersoluble part of EtOAc (WSEAE) was found the most active extract whereas Verbascoside was identified as the most potent constituent. All isolated compounds exhibited significant antioxidant activity whereas their synergistic effect was found prominent in the parent fraction.

Antiviral Essential Oils Incorporated in Nanocarriers: Strategy for Prevention from COVID-19 and Future Infectious Pandemics

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 437-451
Author(s):  
Malkiet Kaur ◽  
Gayatri Devi ◽  
Manju Nagpal ◽  
Manjinder Singh ◽  
Gitika A. Dhingra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Chinese Herbs ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Low Solubility

Background: Coronavirus has become a life-threatening disease and it is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). This new strain of coronavirus is not completely understood and to date, there is no treatment for coronavirus. Traditional ayurvedic medicines, mainly essential oils and Chinese herbs, have always played a vital role in the prevention and treatment of several epidemics and pandemics. In the meantime, guidelines of the ministry of AYUSH (Ayurveda, yoga, unani, siddha and homoepathy) include a traditional medicinal treatment for flu and fever and also recommended to boost immunity to prevent the spread of coronavirus. It is not possible to find which essential oil will offer the best level of protection. However, it is likely to assume that some essential oils are likely to offer a measurable level of defense in the same way they do with many other known viruses. Methods: Literature relevant to various essential oils having antiviral activity has been collected and compiled. Various nanocarriers of essential oils have also been stated. The database was collected using various search engines such as J-Gate, Google Scholar, Sci-Hub, PubMed, ScienceDirect, etc. Results: Essential oils contain active constituents such as phenolic compounds, terpenoids, alkaloids, phenyl propanoids, etc., which are responsible for their biological properties such as antiviral, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antioxidant activities and many more. However, the use of essential oils has always been limited due to poor solubility, solvent toxicity, volatility and low solubility. Many nanotechnology based carriers especially, liposomes, dendrimers, nanoparticles, nanoemulsion and microemulsion, etc. have been evidenced to overcome limitations associated with essential oils. Conclusion: Several essential oils possess potent antiviral activity and are characterized by fewer side effects and are safe for human use. The nanocarrier systems of these oils have proved the potential to treat viral and bacterial infections. Lay Summary: Current COVID-19 era demands traditional treatment for immunity boost up as support therapy. Traditional ayurvedic medicines, mainly essential oils and Chinese herbs, have always played a vital role in the prevention and treatment of several epidemics and pandemics. Therefore, authors have summarized various essential oils having antiviral activity in current manuscript. Various nanocarriers of essential oils have been reported. Essential oils contain active constituents such as phenolic compounds, terpenoids, alkaloids, phenyl propanoids, etc., which are responsible for their biological properties such as antiviral, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antioxidant activity. However, the use of essential oils has always been limited due to poor solubility, solvent toxicity, volatility and low solubility. Many nanotechnology based carriers especially, liposomes, dendrimers, nanoparticles, nanoemulsion and microemulsion, etc. have been evidenced to overcome limitations associated with essential oils. The nanocarrier systems of these oils have proved the potential to treat viral and bacterial infections.

scholarly journals Herbal Products and Their Active Constituents Used Alone and in Combination with Antifungal Drugs against Drug-Resistant Candida sp.

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 655
Author(s):  
Anna Herman ◽  
Andrzej Przemysław Herman
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Membrane Transporters ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Candida Sp ◽  
Current State

Clinical isolates of Candida yeast are the most common cause of opportunistic fungal infections resistant to certain antifungal drugs. Therefore, it is necessary to detect more effective antifungal agents that would be successful in overcoming such infections. Among them are some herbal products and their active constituents.The purpose of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge onherbal products and their active constituents havingantifungal activity against drug-resistant Candida sp. used alone and in combination with antifungal drugs.The possible mechanisms of their action on drug-resistant Candida sp. including (1) inhibition of budding yeast transformation into hyphae; (2) inhibition of biofilm formation; (3) inhibition of cell wall or cytoplasmic membrane biosynthesis; (4) ROS production; and (5) over-expression of membrane transporters will be also described.

scholarly journals ON THE MODE OF ACTION OF X-RAY PROTECTIVE AGENTS

1957 ◽  
Vol 227 (1) ◽  
pp. 339-345
Author(s):  
Alexander Pihl ◽  
Lorentz Eldjarn ◽  
Jon Bremer
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Protective Agents ◽  
X Ray
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