In Vivo Cytokine Modulatory Effects of Cinnamaldehyde, the Major Constituent of Leaf Essential Oil from Cinnamomum osmophloeum Kaneh.

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1511-1518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Shen Chou Lin ◽  
Tsong-Ming Lu ◽  
Pei-Chun Chao ◽  
Ya-Yun Lai ◽  
Hsiu-Ting Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil

Chemical Composition and in-vitro antimicrobial screening of leaf essential oil of Plectranthus gerardianus Benth., and isolation of the major constituent of oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navadha Bhatt ◽  
Navabha Joshi ◽  
Kapil Ghai ◽  
Om Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Total Oil

Background: The Lamiaceae (Labiatae) is one of the most diverse and widespread plant families’ in terms of ethno medicine and its medicinal value is based on the volatile oils concentration. This family is important for flavour, fragrance and medicinal properties. Manyplants belonging to this family have indigenous value. Method: The essential oil of Plectranthus gerardianusBenth. (Lamiaceae), was analysed by GC and GC-MS analysis, while the major component was isolated and conformed by NMR spectroscopy. Result: The oil was found to be rich in oxygenated monoterpenes, which contribute around 62% of the total oil. The major components identified were fenchone (22.90%) and carvenone oxide (16.75%), besides other mono and sesquiterpenoids. The in-vitro antimicrobial activity of essential oil was tested against three gram negative bacteria viz. Pasteurellamultocida, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enterica, two gram positive bacteria viz. Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and two fungi viz. Candida albicans and Aspergillusflavus. The antimicrobial activity of the oil was also compared to the antimicrobial activity of leaf essential oil of another Himalayan plant viz. Nepetacoerulescens. Conclusion: The oil showed in-vitro antimicrobial activity against all the microbial strains and can lessen the ever-growing demand of potentially hazardous antibiotics for treatment.

scholarly journals Variation in the Volatile Constituents of Different Plant Parts of Ligusticopsis wallichiana from Western Himalaya, India

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendra C. Padalia ◽  
Ram S. Verma ◽  
Amit Chauhan ◽  
Chandan S. Chanotiya ◽  
Anju Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Western Himalaya ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil ◽  
First Time ◽  
Acetylenic Compounds

The essential oil composition of the leaves, stem, flowers and roots of Ligusticopsis wallichiana (DC.) Pimenov & Kljuykov were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS methods. Forty-five constituents, forming 93.2%–97.8% of the oil compositions, were dominated by acetylenic (31.5%–92.8%) compounds and sesquiterpenoids (0.3%–44.4%). The leaf essential oil was mainly composed 3,5-nonadiyne (35.8%), β-selinene (20.9%), α-funebrene (10.1%) and ( Z)-falcarinol (6.1%). The stem oil was dominated by acetylenic compounds (73.8%) represented by 3,5-nonadiyne (67.8%) and ( Z)-falcarinol (5.7%). On the contrary, the major components of the flower essential oil were sesquiterpenoids (37.5%), such as germacrene D (16.6%), α-funebrene (7.4%), and acetylenic compounds (31.5%), such as ( Z)-falcarinol (21.0%) and 3,5-nonadiyne (10.0%). Monoterpenoids constituted 23.9% of the flower oil with limonene (19.9%) as the single major constituent. The essential oil of the roots was dominated by 3,5-nonadiyne (90.5%). The results showed considerable qualitative and quantitative variations in the essential oil compositions of the different plant parts of L. wallichiana. ( Z)-Falcarinol (1.9%–21.0%) and α-funebrene (0.1%–10.1%) were reported for the first time from the essential oils of L. wallichiana.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory and Physicochemical Characterization of the Croton rhamnifolioides Essential Oil Inclusion Complex in β-Cyclodextrin

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Anita Oliveira Brito Pereira Bezerra Martins ◽  
Almir Gonçalves Wanderley ◽  
Isabel Sousa Alcântara ◽  
Lindaiane Bezerra Rodrigues ◽  
Francisco Rafael Alves Santana Cesário ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Vascular Permeability ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Popular Medicine ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Croton rhamnifolioides is used in popular medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. The objective of this study was to characterize and evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of C. rhamnifolioides essential oil complexed in β-cyclodextrin (COEFC). The physicochemical characterization of the complexes was performed using different physical methods. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in vivo by ear edema, paw edema, cotton pellet-induced granuloma, and vascular permeability by Evans blue extravasation. The mechanism of action was validated by molecular docking of the major constituent into the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2 enzyme). All doses of the COEFC reduced acute paw edema induced by carrageenan and dextran, as well as vascular permeability. Our results suggest the lowest effective dose of all samples inhibited the response induced by histamine or arachidonic acid as well as the granuloma formation. The complexation process showed that the pharmacological effects were maintained, however, showing similar results using much lower doses. The results demonstrated an involvement of the inhibition of pathways dependent on eicosanoids and histamine. Complexation of β-cyclodextrin/Essential oil (β-CD/EO) may present an important tool in the study of new compounds for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs.

Chemical Profile and Anticancer Activity of Polyscias guilfoylei Leaf Essential Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-383
Author(s):  
Rajani Kurup ◽  
Ajikumaran Nair Sadasivan ◽  
Uthayakumari Kalavathy ◽  
Sabulal Baby
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Profile ◽  
Dna Ladder ◽  
In Vivo Assays ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil

Background: Polyscias guilfoylei, commonly called ‘geranium aralia’, is an erect shrub with dark green leaves. P. guilfoylei has been introduced to tropical countries and is generally cultivated in gardens for ornamental purposes. There are no previous studies on the essential oil of P. guilfoylei and its biological activities. Objective: In this study, we report the chemical profile of P. guilfoylei leaf essential oil and its anticancer activity tested by various in vitro and in vivo assays. Methods: The chemical profile of P. guilfoylei leaf oil was elucidated by Gas Chromatographic analyses (GC-FID, GC-MS). Anticancer activity of P. guilfoylei leaf oil was tested by MTT, morphological observations, DNA ladder, comet, caspase, flow cytometry and in vivo assays. Results: Gas chromatographic profiling of P. guilfoylei leaf oil identified 50 constituents (β-selinene 49.59%, α-selinene 21.68%, (Z)-falcarinol 11.65%). In MTT assay, P. guilfoylei leaf oil at 50, 25, 10, 5 and 1 μg/ml showed 98.6 ± 1.2, 95.3 ± 0.78, 76.8 ± 1.59, 43.6 ± 0.99 and 39.8 ± 1.17% DLA cell death, respectively (CD50 5.96 μg/ml). In flow cytometry, the majority of P. guilfoylei leaf oil (25 μg/ml) treated DLA cells showed an accumulation/cell arrest in G2M phase (61.7 ± 2.6%). In P. guilfoylei leaf oil treated mice (40 days), 5 animals (83.3%, each) were protected in 25, 50 mg/kg groups. Conclusion: P. guilfoylei leaf oil, with minimal toxicity to normal cells, exhibited significant anticancer activity against lymphoma cells enhancing its potential as an anticancer agent.

Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of the Essential Oil of Mentha suaveolens Ehrh.

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 571-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
El-Sayeda A. El-Kashoury ◽  
Hesham I. El-Askary ◽  
Zeinab A. Kandil ◽  
Mohamed A. Salem ◽  
Amany A. Sleem
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Summer Sample

Hydrodistilled oils of the fresh aerial parts of Mentha suaveolens Ehrh. cultivated in Egypt were prepared from samples collected along the four seasons. The percentage yields of these essential oils were 0.50%, 0.52%, 0.60%, and 0.47% of the dry weight for winter, spring, summer, and autumn samples. GC/MS analyses of all samples revealed a qualitative and quantitative variability in the oil composition. The total number of compounds identified was 46 among which 15 were common in all samples. The oxygenated compounds constituted about 45%, 46%, 63%, and 44% of the total composition of the oils for winter, spring, summer, and autumn samples, respectively. Carvone was the major constituent in spring, summer, and autumn samples (about 31%, 56%, and 35%, respectively), while limonene (ca. 26%) was the major constituent of the winter sample followed by carvone (ca. 25%). The essential oil of the highest yield (full-fl owering summer sample), with the highest oxygenated constituents and carvone contents, was screened for certain biological activities. It exhibited analgesic and acute anti-inflammatory activities (75% and 82% relative to indomethacin). It also showed a potent in vivo antioxidant activity (96% relative to vitamin E). In addition, it exerted moderate cytotoxic, hepatoprotective, and in vitro antioxidant activities. Moreover, the oil had a potent antifungal activity against Candida albicans (MIC = 4 μg/ml), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MIC = 5.2 μg/ml), and Aspergillus niger (MIC = 6.8 μg/ml).

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity of Foeniculum vulgare and Its Main Essential Oil Component Trans-Anethole on Trichomonas vaginalis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faezeh KARAMI ◽  
Dara DASTAN ◽  
Mohammad FALLAH ◽  
Mohammad MATINI
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare

Background: Trichomoniasis is one of the most common nonviral sexually transmitted infections worldwide which drug-resistant cases of the infection are rising. The aim of the study was to assessment the in vitro activity of Foeniculum vulgare and its main essential oil component on Trichomonas vaginalis. Also phytochemical investigation of F. vulgare essential oil was performed. Methods: Five T. vaginalis isolates subjected to susceptibility testing against essential oil and extracts of F. vulgare and anethole using microtiter plate method. The minimum lethal concentration (MLC) of the natural products was assessed in comparison with metronidazole. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-flame ionization detector was applied for chemical investigation of the essential oil. Results: After 48 hours incubation, the most potent antitrichomonal agents were the methanolic and hexanic extract with MLC of 360 µg/ml and followed by the essential oil and anethole (1600 µg/ml). The isolates were sensitive to metronidazole with a mean MLC of 13.7 µg/ml. E-Anethole (88.41 %) was the major constituent of F. vulgare essential oil. Conclusion: The results suggested in vitro antiprotozoal properties of F. vulgare and anethole against T. vaginalis. Therefore further studies are needed to evaluate their in vivo effects and toxicity.

Antidiabetic Potentials of Citrus aurantifolia Leaf Essential Oil

Drug Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (04) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Ibrahim ◽  
Lamidi Usman ◽  
Jubril Akolade ◽  
Oluwafemi Idowu ◽  
Azeemat Abdulazeez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Citrus Aurantifolia ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil

Abstract Citrus aurantifolia leaf essential oil was extracted via hydrodistillation, chemical composition of the oil was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and its antidiabetic potentials was assessed in alloxan-induced hyperglycaemic rats using metformin as the reference drug for comparison. Chemical analysis showed that D-limonene (57.84%) was the major constituent of the oil. Other notable compounds identified were neral (7.81%), linalool (4.75%), sulcatone (3.48%) and isogeraniol (3.48%). Intraperitoneal administration of C. aurantifolia oil (100 mg/Kg b.wt.) to hyperglycaemic rats for 14 days caused significant reduction in fasting blood and hepatic glucose, whereas hepatic concentration of glycogen was significantly increased. Also, improvement in dyslipidaemia was observed in C. aurantifolia essential oil-treated hyperglycaemic rats; serum concentration of total cholesterol, triacylglycerol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol were significantly reduced and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol was increased, resulting in decreased predisposition of rats to cardiac risks. Antihyperglycaemic potential of administration of the oil was lower but compared favourably with the oral antihyperglycaemic agent used as reference antidiabetic drug. Overall, data from this study showed that essential oil from the leaf of C. aurantifolia grown in North-Central Nigeria is a D-limonene chemotype. The oil showed considerable glucose lowering effect as well as the potential to ameliorate hyperglycaemia-induced dyslipidaemic complications in alloxanized rats.

scholarly journals Effect of Cinnamomum verum leaf essential oil on virulence factors of Candida species and determination of the in-vivo toxicity with Galleria mellonella model

2020 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayan Kanchana Wijesinghe ◽  
Flávia Camila Maia ◽  
Thaís Rossini de Oliveira ◽  
Simone N Busato de Feiria ◽  
Felipe Joia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
In Vivo Toxicity ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil

scholarly journals Chemical Profile of Leaf Essential Oil of Cinnamomum walaiwarense and Comparison of its Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Activities with the Major Constituent Benzyl Benzoate

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkatraman Sriramavaratharajan ◽  
Ramar Murugan
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Benzyl Benzoate ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil ◽  
Southern Western Ghats ◽  
Inhibitory Activities ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Dpph Radical Scavenging

Leaf essential oils of an unexplored wild cinnamon, Cinnamomum walaiwarense Kosterm. collected from seven different locations in the southern Western Ghats, India were characterized by GC-FID and GC-MS analyses. Benzyl benzoate was the principal constituent of the leaf essential oil present at a concentration from 65 to 89.8%. Another major constituent was phenylethyl benzoate. The results on antioxidant (ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging) and hypoglycemic (α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory) activities show that the leaf essential oils exhibited better activities than benzyl benzoate. The very least antioxidant and inhibitory activities of benzyl benzoate show that these activities of the leaf essential oils were due to the synergistic action of minor constituents. The rich content of benzyl benzoate in the leaf essential oil makes C. walaiwarense a potential natural source of this compound. As benzyl benzoate is an excellent scabicide and pediculicide, the essential oil may be further investigated for industrial and other medicinal applications.

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