X‐Ray Total Scattering of Electrolytes in Liquid‐Based Fluoride Shuttle Battery: Electrolyte Composition Dependence of the Low‐ Q Peak

2020 ◽  
Vol 257 (11) ◽  
pp. 2000202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Takabayashi ◽  
Koji Kimura ◽  
Shigehiro Kawauchi ◽  
Hirofumi Nakamoto ◽  
Hiroaki Konishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composition Dependence ◽  
Electrolyte Composition ◽  
Total Scattering ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Battery Electrolyte

X-ray fluorescence determination of zinc sulfate in acidic zinc plating electrolyte

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (10) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
K. N. Vdovin ◽  
K. G. Pivovarova ◽  
N. A. Feoktistov ◽  
T. B. Ponamareva
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Sulfate ◽  
Zinc Coating ◽  
Electrolyte Composition ◽  
Complexometric Titration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fluorescence Determination ◽  
Zinc Plating ◽  
Zinc Determination

Zinc sulfate is the main component in the composition of the acidic zinc plating electrolyte. Deviation in the electrolyte composition from the optimum content leads to destabilization of the electrolysis process and deteriorate the quality of the resulting zinc coating. The proper quality of a zinc coating obtained by galvanic deposition can be ensured only with timely monitoring and adjustment of the electrolyte composition. A technique of X-ray fluorescence determination of zinc (in terms of zinc sulfate) in an acidic zinc plating electrolyte is proposed. The study was carried out using an ARL Quant’X energy dispersive spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) with a semiconductor silicon-lithium detector. The features of the spectrometer design are presented. The optimal parameters of excitation and detection of zinc radiation were specified when the electrolyte sample was diluted 1:1000. The ZnKα1 line was used as an analytical line. The plotted calibration graph is linear, the correlation coefficient being 0.999234. The results of zinc determination according to the developed method were compared with the data of the reference method of complexometric titration to prove the reliability of the procedure. The results are characterized by good convergence and accuracy. The proposed method of X-ray fluorescence zinc determination in a zinc plating electrolyte equals complexometric titration in the limiting capabilities and even exceeds the latter in terms of the simplicity of sample preparation and rapidity. The developed method of X-ray fluorescence determination of zinc is implemented in analysis of the electrolyte used in the continuous galvanizing unit at «METSERVIS LLC».

Melting and Crystallization of Poly(oxyethylene) Mixtures

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 1855-1868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo Lapeš ◽  
Josef Baldrian ◽  
Ján Biroš ◽  
Julius Pouchlý ◽  
Hanes Mio
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Lamellar Structure ◽  
Composition Dependence ◽  
Eutectic Phase ◽  
Eutectic Melting ◽  
Pure Polymer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Melting And Crystallization

Solid-liquid eutectic phase diagrams of mixtures of poly(oxyethylene) (M.w. 2 000) with hydroxy and methoxy endgroups, crystallizing in extended-chain macroconformation only, with glutaric acid, benzoic acid or 1,2-diphenylethane are given. The composition dependence of the melting temperature can be fitted by the Flory-Huggins equation. Interaction parameters X and interaction energy densities B evaluated from the diluent branch of the phase diagram are consistent with those obtained from the polymer branch provided the calorimetric value of enthalpy of polymer fusion is used in the latter computation. Measurements of small- and wide-angle X-ray scatterings showed a stacked lamellar structure of POE. Below the eutectic melting point, the long period of the polymer is almost independent of the diluent concentration. On raising temperature gradually from this melting point to the melting point of pure polymer, the increasing long period indicates the penetration of the diluent between the lamellae. As follows from SAXS measurements, the crystallinity of poly(oxyethylene) in the mixtures remains unchanged compared to that of the pure polymer.

Strain Shift Coefficients for Phonons in Si-Ge Heterostructures

1991 ◽  
Vol 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-M. Baribeau ◽  
D. J. Lockwood
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Beam ◽  
Composition Dependence ◽  
Vibration Mode ◽  
Phonon Frequency ◽  
Longitudinal Optical ◽  
Stress Factor ◽  
Double Crystal ◽  
Raman Scattering Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Shift Coefficient

ABSTRACTStrain shift coefficient measurements for longitudinal optical phonons in molecular beam epitaxy grown metastable pseudomorphic Si1−xGex layers on (100) Si (0 < x < 0.35) and Ge (0.80 < x < 1) are reported. Strain in partially relaxed annealed specimens was obtained by double-crystal x-ray diffractometry and the corresponding strain phonon shift was measured by Raman scattering spectroscopy. For epilayers grown on Si it was found that the epilayer Si-Si phonon frequency varies linearly with strain. The magnitude of the strain shift coefficient b however showed a small composition dependence varying from b ≈ -700 cm-1 at x = 0 to b ≈ -950 cm-1 at x = 0.35, corresponding to a stress factor τ = 0.40 + 0.57x: + 0.13x2 cm-1/kbar. For the Ge-Ge vibration mode in epilayers grown on Ge, b decreased from ∼-425 cm-1 at x = 1 to ∼-500 cm-1 at x = 0.8, corresponding to a stress factor τ ≈ 0.52 – 0.14x - 0.08x2 cm-1/kbar.

COMPOSITION DEPENDENCE OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE IN La(Ba1−xCax)2Cu3O7−y SYSTEM

1989 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 307-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. CAO ◽  
J.Q. ZHENG ◽  
X.Y. SHAO ◽  
X.S. CHEN ◽  
W.Y. GUAN
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Superconducting Transition Temperature ◽  
Composition Dependence ◽  
Superconducting Transition ◽  
Orthorhombic Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Resistivity Measurements ◽  
Zero Resistance

The composition dependence of superconductivity and crystal structure in La ( Ba 1−x Ca x)2 Cu 3 O 7−y system was determined by the resistivity measurements and X-ray diffraction analysis. The superconducting transition temperature is raised with the increase of Ca content till x=0.6, at which the zero resistance temperature of the sample is 81.5 K. In the meanwhile, the crystal structure of the sample changed from tetragonal (x=0) to orthorhombic structure (x=0.2, 0.4, 0.6). With further increase of Ca content, the superconductivity decrease for the sample of x=0.8 with mixed phases including the orthorhombic oxygen-deficient perovskite-like (ODP) structure and no superconducting transition is found at 4.2 K for the sample of x=1 without the ODP structure. A possible explanation of these experimental results is given.

Relationship between low-Q peak and long-range ordering of ionic liquids revealed by high-energy X-ray total scattering

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (27) ◽  
pp. 17838-17843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenta Fujii ◽  
Shinji Kohara ◽  
Yasuhiro Umebayashi
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Long Range ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Real Space ◽  
Space Structure ◽  
Total Scattering ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Peak Intensity ◽  
Long Range Ordering

A new function, SQpeak(r); a connection between low-Q peak intensity with real space structure.

scholarly journals Calculation of total scattering from a crystalline structural model based on experimental optics parameters

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 671-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Hiroi ◽  
Koji Ohara ◽  
Satoru Ohuchi ◽  
Yukihiro Umetani ◽  
Takashi Kozaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Direct Calculation ◽  
Structural Disorder ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Diffraction Profile ◽  
Total Scattering ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scattering Measurements ◽  
Total Structure

Total scattering measurements enable understanding of the structural disorder in crystalline materials by Fourier transformation of the total structure factor, S(Q), where Q is the magnitude of the scattering vector. In this work, the direct calculation of total scattering from a crystalline structural model is proposed. To calculate the total scattering intensity, a suitable Q-broadening function for the diffraction profile is needed because the intensity and the width depend on the optical parameters of the diffraction apparatus, such as the X-ray energy resolution and divergence, and the intrinsic parameters. X-ray total scattering measurements for CeO2 powder were performed at beamline BL04B2 of the SPring-8 synchrotron radiation facility in Japan for comparison with the calculated S(Q) under various optical conditions. The evaluated Q-broadening function was comparable to the full width at half-maximum of the Bragg peaks in the experimental total scattering pattern. The proposed calculation method correctly accounts for parameters with Q dependence such as the atomic form factor and resolution function, enables estimation of the total scattering factor, and facilitates determination of the reduced pair distribution function for both crystalline and amorphous materials.

scholarly journals Front Cover: When Crystals Go Nano - The Role of Advanced X-ray Total Scattering Methods in Nanotechnology (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 34/2018)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (34) ◽  
pp. 3785-3785
Author(s):  
Federica Bertolotti ◽  
Daniele Moscheni ◽  
Antonietta Guagliardi ◽  
Norberto Masciocchi
Keyword(s):  
Front Cover ◽  
Total Scattering ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals The atomic structure of a MgCo2O4 nanoparticle for a positive electrode of a Mg rechargeable battery

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (17) ◽  
pp. 2517-2520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoto Kitamura ◽  
Yuhei Tanabe ◽  
Naoya Ishida ◽  
Yasushi Idemoto
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Atomic Structure ◽  
Positive Electrode ◽  
Scattering Data ◽  
Rechargeable Battery ◽  
Reverse Monte Carlo ◽  
Spinel Type ◽  
Total Scattering ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Neutron Total Scattering

The atomic structure of a spinel-type MgCo2O4 nanoparticle was investigated by the reverse Monte Carlo modelling using X-ray and neutron total scattering data.

scholarly journals Structural Disorder of Mechanically Activated δ-MgCl2 Studied by Synchrotron X-ray Total Scattering and Vibrational Spectroscopy

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1089
Author(s):  
Toru Wada ◽  
Ashutosh Thakur ◽  
Patchanee Chammingkwan ◽  
Minoru Terano ◽  
Toshiaki Taniike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Structural Disorder ◽  
Reliable Determination ◽  
Total Scattering ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Powerful Approach ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Grinding Time

A combination of synchrotron X-ray total scattering and molecular simulation is a powerful approach for reliable determination of the structure of δ-MgCl2 as an indispensable component of heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta catalysts. Here, the same approach is applied to mechanically activated MgCl2. Four types of mechanically activated MgCl2 samples are prepared using ball-milling in the absence and presence of different donors. The development of structural disorder along the grinding time is compared. It was found that the presence of donors accelerates the formation of δ-MgCl2 in an early stage of grinding, while elongated grinding eventually results in δ-MgCl2 with similar extents of structural disorder in the absence and presence of different donors. The FT-IR investigation consistently verified the morphological similarity between the firmly ground samples. Thus, the structure of δ-MgCl2 is likely governed by mechanical energy when sufficiently ground.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document