scholarly journals Violation of detailed balance for charge-transfer statistics in Coulomb-blockade systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 254 (3) ◽  
pp. 1600507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Stegmann ◽  
Jürgen König
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Coulomb Blockade ◽  
Detailed Balance

scholarly journals Charge transfer state characterization and voltage losses of organic solar cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Jungbluth ◽  
Pascal Kaienburg ◽  
Moritz Riede
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Organic Solar Cells ◽  
Detailed Balance ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Correct Determination ◽  
Improved Performance

Abstract A correct determination of voltage losses is crucial for the development of organic solar cells with improved performance. This requires an in-depth understanding of the properties of interfacial charge transfer (CT) states, which not only set the upper limit for the open-circuit voltage of a system, but also govern radiative and non-radiative recombination processes. Over the last decade, different approaches have emerged to classify voltage losses in organic solar cells that rely on a generic detailed balance approach or additionally include CT state parameters that are specific to organic solar cells. In the latter case, a correct determination of CT state properties is paramount. In this work, we summarize the different frameworks used today to calculate voltage losses and provide an in-depth discussion of the currently most important models used to characterize CT state properties from absorption and emission data of organic thin films and solar cells. We also address practical concerns during the data recording, analysis, and fitting process. Departing from the classical two-state Marcus theory approach, we discuss the importance of quantized molecular vibrations and energetic hybridization effects in organic donor-acceptor systems with the goal to providing the reader with a detailed understanding of when each model is most appropriate.

Micro-mechanical charge transfer mechanism in soft Coulomb blockade nanostructures

1998 ◽  
Vol 249-251 ◽  
pp. 197-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.Y Gorelik ◽  
A Isacsson ◽  
M Jonson ◽  
B Kasemo ◽  
R.I Shekhter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Coulomb Blockade ◽  
Transfer Mechanism ◽  
Charge Transfer Mechanism ◽  
Mechanical Charge

scholarly journals Shuttle Mechanism for Charge Transfer in Coulomb Blockade Nanostructures

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (20) ◽  
pp. 4526-4529 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Y. Gorelik ◽  
A. Isacsson ◽  
M. V. Voinova ◽  
B. Kasemo ◽  
R. I. Shekhter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Coulomb Blockade

Coulomb blockade and charge transfer in InSb micrograins

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 687-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. Glukhovskoi ◽  
N. D. Zhukov
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Coulomb Blockade

scholarly journals Influence of static disorder of charge transfer state on voltage loss in organic photovoltaics

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Yan ◽  
Elham Rezasoltani ◽  
Mohammed Azzouzi ◽  
Flurin Eisner ◽  
Jenny Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Organic Photovoltaics ◽  
State Energy ◽  
Detailed Balance ◽  
Photon Absorption ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Static Disorder ◽  
Voltage Loss ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact

AbstractSpectroscopic measurements of charge transfer (CT) states provide valuable insight into the voltage losses in organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Correct interpretation of CT-state spectra depends on knowledge of the underlying broadening mechanisms, and the relative importance of molecular vibrational broadening and variations in the CT-state energy (static disorder). Here, we present a physical model, that obeys the principle of detailed balance between photon absorption and emission, of the impact of CT-state static disorder on voltage losses in OPVs. We demonstrate that neglect of CT-state disorder in the analysis of spectra may lead to incorrect estimation of voltage losses in OPV devices. We show, using measurements of polymer:non-fullerene blends of different composition, how our model can be used to infer variations in CT-state energy distribution that result from variations in film microstructure. This work highlights the potential impact of static disorder on the characteristics of disordered organic blend devices.

Dielectronic Recombination in the Average-Atom Model

1988 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
R.M. More ◽  
G.B. Zimmerman ◽  
Z. Zinamon
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Balance ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Dielectronic Recombination ◽  
Rate Equations ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Dense Plasmas ◽  
Atom Model ◽  
New Feature ◽  
Average Atom Model ◽  
Attachment Process

Autoionization and dielectronic attachment are usually omitted from rate equations for the non–LTE average–atom model, causing systematic errors in predicted ionization states and electronic populations for atoms in hot dense plasmas produced by laser irradiation of solid targets. We formulate a method by which dielectronic recombination can be included in average–atom calculations without conflict with the principle of detailed balance. The essential new feature in this extended average atom model is a treatment of strong correlations of electron populations induced by the dielectronic attachment process.

Study of charge transfer in FeTi

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 296-297
Author(s):  
J. Taft∅
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Charge Distribution ◽  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Periodic System ◽  
Electron Distribution ◽  
Scattering Amplitude ◽  
Transition Elements ◽  
Hartree Fock ◽  
Cscl Structure ◽  
The Right

It is well known that for reflections corresponding to large interplanar spacings (i.e., sin θ/λ small), the electron scattering amplitude, f, is sensitive to the ionicity and to the charge distribution around the atoms. We have used this in order to obtain information about the charge distribution in FeTi, which is a candidate for storage of hydrogen. Our goal is to study the changes in electron distribution in the presence of hydrogen, and also the ionicity of hydrogen in metals, but so far our study has been limited to pure FeTi. FeTi has the CsCl structure and thus Fe and Ti scatter with a phase difference of π into the 100-ref lections. Because Fe (Z = 26) is higher in the periodic system than Ti (Z = 22), an immediate “guess” would be that Fe has a larger scattering amplitude than Ti. However, relativistic Hartree-Fock calculations show that the opposite is the case for the 100-reflection. An explanation for this may be sought in the stronger localization of the d-electrons of the first row transition elements when moving to the right in the periodic table. The tabulated difference between fTi (100) and ffe (100) is small, however, and based on the values of the scattering amplitude for isolated atoms, the kinematical intensity of the 100-reflection is only 5.10-4 of the intensity of the 200-reflection.

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