scholarly journals Computational Thermodynamics: Recent developments and future potential and prospects

2014 ◽  
Vol 251 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilmann Hickel ◽  
Ursula R. Kattner ◽  
Suzana G. Fries
Keyword(s):  
Computational Thermodynamics ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Future Potential

ISUM: Its Birth, Growth and Future

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherif Rashed
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Impact Loads ◽  
Coarse Mesh ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Linear Behavior ◽  
Large Ship ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Future Potential

ISUM (The Idealized Structural Unit Method) was born in 1972 to efficiently and accurately analyze the behavior of large size structures up to and beyond their ultimate strength. In this method a structure is divided into large elements, basically its structural units (members). Geometric and material non-linear behavior inside the element is formulated and expressed at a limited number of nodal points at the element boundaries. In this way a large structure can be modeled using a coarse mesh while still being able to consider the nonlinear behavior until the collapse of the structure. Several ISUM elements have been formulated and used to analyze the non-linear behavior of large ship structures. In further developments, more elements with more accurate formulations have been developed and more types of structures have been analyzed using this method. The same ISUM concept has been applied to the analysis of welding deformation of large welded structures and to failure analysis of structural and mechanical components subjected to impact loads. In this paper, the basic ISUM concept is outlined, and several elements are presented. Examples of applications to ships and marine structures are presented demonstrating the effectiveness of the method. Recent developments are also reviewed and future potential is explored.

scholarly journals Combining solid-state NMR spectroscopy with first-principles calculations – a guide to NMR crystallography

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (45) ◽  
pp. 7186-7204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon E. Ashbrook ◽  
David McKay
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Dft Calculations ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Solid State Nmr ◽  
Nmr Spectra ◽  
First Principles Calculations ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
Nmr Crystallography

DFT calculations are an important tool in assigning and interpreting NMR spectra of solids: we discuss recent developments and their future potential in the context of NMR crystallography.

scholarly journals A Market Scheduling for New Normal Logistics in the Wake of Corona Virus Diseases-19 in Bandung City

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-98
Author(s):  
Carles Sitompul ◽  
Paulina Kus Ariningsih ◽  
Fran Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Scheduling Model ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Future Potential

Recent developments on the worldwide spread of Corona Virus Diseases-19 (COVID-19) show the vulnerability of human beings to pandemic risks in terms of biological, social, and economic factors. While human lives are the most important factor, a proposed solution dealing with pandemics should be sustainable which also includes other factors. Quarantines and physical distancing have been seen as effective ways to slow down the spread of COVID-19.  We therefore propose a market scheduling model with multi-objectives to support physical distancing minimizing the number of people in a certain area in a given time (crowds) and minimizing the virus spread rates. An analytical model is proposed and solved for Bandung City. The results show some promising ideas on how to slow down the virus spread without compromising both health and economic objectives. The future potential research of the model is also presented.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Therapies for Alzheimer's Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Feng ◽  
Xiaochuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Senile Plaques ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Synaptic Loss ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
And Behavior

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease featuring progressive impairments in memory, cognition, and behavior and ultimately leads to death. The histopathological changes of Alzheimer’s disease include neuronal and synaptic loss, formation of extracellular senile plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles in brain. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that oxidative stress not only strongly participates in an early stage of Alzheimer’s disease prior to cytopathology, but plays an important role in inducing and activating multiple cell signaling pathways that contribute to the lesion formations of toxic substances and then promotes the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Many years of studies show that antioxidant therapies have enjoyed general success in preclinical studies. Therefore, this paper mainly focuses on the recent developments of common used antioxidant therapies for Alzheimer’s disease and thus provides indications for future potential antioxidant therapeutic strategies of neurodegenerative diseases.

Evolution of the Mode of Nutrition in Symbiotic and Saprotrophic Fungi in Forest Ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Lebreton ◽  
Qingchao Zeng ◽  
Shingo Miyauchi ◽  
Annegret Kohler ◽  
Yu-Cheng Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Saprotrophic Fungi ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Future Potential

In this review, we highlight the main insights that have been gathered from recent developments using large-scale genomics of fungal saprotrophs and symbiotrophs (including ectomycorrhizal and orchid and ericoid mycorrhizal fungi) inhabiting forest ecosystems. After assessing the goals and motivations underlying our approach, we explore our current understanding of the limits and future potential of using genomics to understand the ecological roles of these forest fungi. Comparative genomics unraveled the molecular machineries involved in lignocellulose decomposition in wood decayers, soil and litter saprotrophs, and mycorrhizal symbionts. They also showed that transitions from saprotrophy to mutualism entailed widespread losses of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes; diversification of novel, lineage-specific symbiosis-induced genes; and convergent evolution of genetic innovations that facilitate the accommodation of mutualistic symbionts within their plant hosts. We also identify the major questions that remain unanswered and propose new avenues of genome-based research to understand the role of soil fungi in sustainable forest ecosystems. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, Volume 52 is November 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Prevalence Estimation: Policy Needs, Current Status, and Future Potential

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Douglas Anglin ◽  
Jonathan P. Caulkins ◽  
Yih-Ing Hser
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Prevalence Estimation ◽  
Collective Work ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Future Potential

Prevalence estimations of drug-related phenomena, including numbers of users, extent of consequences, and levels of consumption and expenditures, can provide information useful in assessing the scope of the problem, identifying patterns and trends in consumption, evaluating the effectiveness of intervention programs, and allocating resources. The authors summarize the policy needs for, the current status of, and recent developments in prevalence estimation, as described in the preceding articles. Implications raised in the collective work and specific recommendations to improve prevalence estimation in the service of policy are discussed.

scholarly journals Applying Phase Equilibria Modelling to Metamorphic and Geological Processes: Recent Developments and Future Potential

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Yakymchuk
Keyword(s):  
Phase Equilibria ◽  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Secular Change ◽  
Major Advance ◽  
Accessory Minerals ◽  
Chemical Systems ◽  
Metasedimentary Rocks ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Future Potential

Phase equilibria modelling has played a key role in enhancing our understanding of metamorphic processes. An important breakthrough in the last three decades has been the ability to construct phase diagrams by integrating internally consistent datasets of the thermodynamic properties of minerals, fluids and melts with activity–composition models for mixed phases that calculate end-member activities from end-member proportions. A major advance in applying phase equilibria modelling to natural rocks is using isochemical phase diagrams to explore the phase assemblages and reaction sequences applicable for a particular sample. The chemical systems used for modelling phase equilibria are continually evolving to provide closer approximations to the natural compositions of rocks and allow wider varieties of compositions to be modelled. Phase diagrams are now routinely applied to metasedimentary rocks, metabasites and intermediate to felsic intrusive rocks and more recently to ultramafic rocks and meteorites.    While the principal application of these phase diagrams is quantifying the pressure and temperature evolution of metamorphic rocks, workers are now applying them to other fields across the geosciences. For example, phase equilibria modelling of hydrothermal alteration and the metamorphism of hydrothermally altered rocks can be used to determine ‘alteration vectors’ to hydrothermal mineral deposits. Combining the results of phase equilibria of rock-forming minerals with solubility equations of accessory minerals has provided new insights into the geological significance of U–Pb ages of accessory minerals commonly used in geochronology (e.g. zircon and monazite). Rheological models based on the results of phase equilibria modelling can be used to evaluate how the strength of the crust and mantle can change through metamorphic and metasomatic processes, which has implications for a range of orogenic processes, including the localization of earthquakes. Finally, phase equilibria modelling of fluid generation and consumption during metamorphism can be used to explore links between metamorphism and global geochemical cycles of carbon and sulphur, which may provide new insights into the secular change of the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere.RÉSUMÉLa modélisation des équilibres de phases a joué un rôle clé dans l’amélioration de notre compréhension des processus métamorphiques. Une percée importante au cours des trois dernières décennies a été la capacité de construire des diagrammes de phase en y intégrant des ensembles de données cohérentes des propriétés thermodynamiques des minéraux, des fluides et des bains magmatiques avec des modèles d'activité-composition pour des phases mixtes qui déduisent l’activité des membres extrêmes à partir des proportions des membres extrêmes. Une avancée majeure dans l'application de la modélisation d'équilibre de phase aux roches naturelles consiste à utiliser des diagrammes de phases isochimiques pour étudier les assemblages de phase et les séquences de réaction applicables pour un échantillon particulier. Les systèmes chimiques utilisés pour la modélisation des équilibres de phase évoluent continuellement pour fournir des approximations plus proches des compositions naturelles des roches et permettent de modéliser de plus grandes variétés de compositions. Les diagrammes de phase sont maintenant appliqués de façon routinière aux roches métasédimentaires, aux métabasites et aux roches intrusives intermédiaires à felsiques et plus récemment aux roches ultramafiques et aux météorites.   Bien que l'application principale de ces diagrammes de phase consiste à quantifier l'évolution de la pression et de la température des roches métamorphiques, les utilisateurs les appliquent maintenant à d'autres spécialités des géosciences. Par exemple, la modélisation des équilibres de phase de l'altération hydrothermale et du métamorphisme des roches d’altération hydrothermale peut être utilisée pour déterminer les « vecteurs d'altération » des gisements minéraux hydrothermaux. La combinaison des résultats des équilibres de phase des minéraux constitutifs des roches avec des équations de solubilité des minéraux accessoires a permis d’en savoir davantage sur la signification géologique des âges U–Pb des minéraux accessoires couramment utilisés en géochronologie (par exemple zircon et monazite). Les modèles rhéologiques basés sur les résultats de la modélisation des équilibres de phase peuvent être utilisés pour évaluer comment la résistance de la croûte et du manteau peut changer à travers des processus métamorphiques et métasomatiques, ce qui a des implications sur une gamme de processus orogéniques, y compris la localisation des séismes. Enfin, la modélisation des équilibres de phase de la génération et de l’absorption des fluides pendant le métamorphisme peut être utilisée pour explorer les liens entre le métamorphisme et les cycles géochimiques globaux du carbone et du soufre, ce qui peut fournir de nouvelles perspectives sur le changement séculaire de la lithosphère, de l'hydrosphère et de l'atmosphère. 

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