Labour market concentration of Asian ethnic groups in US metropolitan areas: a disaggregated study

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 479-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingfang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Market Concentration

The Effect of COVID-19 as an Economic Shock on the Gender and Ethnic Gap in Labour Market Outcomes

2021 ◽  
pp. 232102222110464
Author(s):  
Stefani Milovanska-Farrington
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Economic Shock ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes ◽  
The Difference

With more than 29 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the USA and 119 million cases worldwide, the pandemic has affected companies, households and the global economy. We explore the effect of the economic shock which resulted from this specific health event on labour market outcomes, and the changes in labour market disparities between ethnic groups and genders. The results provide evidence of an adverse effect of COVID-19 on labour market outcomes of all demographic groups, a widening gap between the employment prospects of minorities and whites, but no change in the earnings gaps between ethnic groups. We also do not find a deterioration of the differentials between genders, except the increase in the difference in the duration of unemployment between women and men with children. The findings have implications related to the priorities of policy decision-makers when implementing policies to combat ethnic and gender gaps in the labour market. JEL Classification: J70, J71, J01, J15, J23

Metropolitan Characteristics and Entrepreneurship among Immigrants and Ethnic Groups in Canada

1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 703-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eran Razin ◽  
André Langlois
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Entrepreneurial Opportunities ◽  
Self Employment

This study assesses the influence of metropolitan characteristics on self-employment among immigrant groups and ethnic minorities in Canada. It compares self-employment among 65 immigrant and ethnic groups in Canada's 25 metropolitan areas and is based on a special tabulation from the 1991 Census of Canada. Results show that locational variations in self-employment among groups that are clearly distinguished from Canada's mainstream population, and among the more entrepreneurial groups, differ markedly from locational variations among the rest of the population. These groups gravitate to self-employment, particularly in peripheral metropolitan areas where entrepreneurial opportunities are few. Neither does a large local community of co-ethnics positively influence the propensity to become self-employed. However, immigrants and minorities in peripheral metropolitan areas cluster in relatively narrow entrepreneurial niches. While benefiting from less competition by co-ethnics, the immigrants are probably constrained there to self-employment due to the lack of alternative opportunities.

scholarly journals Context Diversity Predicts the Extent to Which the American Identity Is Implicitly Associated with Asian Americans and European Americans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Devos ◽  
Melody Sadler
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
American Identity ◽  
Minority Representation ◽  
European Americans ◽  
Using Data

Prior research documents that Asian Americans are implicitly seen as less American than European Americans (implicit American = White effect). The aim of the present research was to test whether this effect is weaker in more ethnically diverse metropolitan areas. Data from the 2010 U.S. Census were utilized to compute three indicators of context ethnic diversity: minority representation, variety, and integration. Implicit ethnic-American associations were assessed using data collected through Project Implicit. A total of 304 metropolitan areas were included in the analyses. The sample (N = 271,006) included 44.8% White and 31.7% Asian participants; it was composed mostly of relatively young adults (M = 26.54, SD = 11.16) and included more women (60.9%) than men. Respondents completed an Implicit Association Test measuring associations between the concepts “American” vs. “foreign” and two ethnic groups (“Asian American” vs. “European American”). Data were analyzed using multilevel modeling. The implicit American = White effect was less pronounced in metropolitan areas characterized by higher proportions of Asian Americans (minority representation). The presence of multiple ethnic groups (variety) was associated with a weaker implicit American = White effect only when minority representation was high. Greater dispersion of ethnic groups at the neighborhood level (integration) was not a source of reliable variation in implicit ethnic-American associations. These findings highlight the value of a multi-faceted perspective on context ethnic diversity. The extent to which the American identity is implicitly associated with Asian Americans and European Americans fluctuates as a function of socio-structural characteristics of local contexts.

scholarly journals Ethnic Diversity Matters: Putting Implicit Associations between Weapons and Ethnicity in Context

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melody Sadler ◽  
Thierry Devos
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
Implicit Associations ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Implicit Stereotypes ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Local Contexts ◽  
Neighborhood Level

Weapons are implicitly associated with Black Americans. We examined the extent to which this implicit stereotype fluctuates as a function of the ethnic diversity of contexts. Across 351 U.S. metropolitan areas, we tested whether three distinct indicators of ethnic diversity predicted implicit associations between the concept of “weapons” (vs. “harmless objects”) and Black Americans vs. White Americans. As predicted, implicit Black-weapon stereotypes were weaker in areas characterized by the presence of multiple ethnic groups (variety) and greater dispersion of ethnic groups at the neighborhood level (integration). Additionally, the negative association between integration and implicit stereotypes was strongest when minority representation was low compared to high. Considering multiple dimensions of ethnic diversity proved useful to document reliable relations between implicit associations and characteristics of local contexts.

Ethnic Differences in Labour Market Outcomes—The Role of Language-Based Discrimination

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Schmaus
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes ◽  
Taste Discrimination ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Host country language proficiency has been shown to account for ethnic differences in labour market outcomes. Prior studies generally assume that language skills represent a form of human capital, affecting employees’ productivity. However, language proficiency may also be associated with discrimination. Lower language proficiency may elicit distaste for certain ethnic groups, as it is a prominent reminder of the respective origin. When this reminder vanishes as language skills rise, group-specific distaste should also reduce. Employers may thus not only value language skills in terms of productivity but also factor in less group-specific distaste when evaluating immigrant jobseekers with high-language skills. Moreover, if employers lack information on competences that are hard to observe, high-language proficiency may prevent the application of adverse ethnic beliefs. Using data from the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), I examine whether language skills affect crucial indicators of labour market success differently for groups that vary with respect to the level of distaste associated with them. I also investigate whether this effect is conditional on the amount of information available to employers. Findings indicate group-specific returns to higher-language proficiency, irrespective of the available information. This might suggest that, in addition to affecting employees’ productivity, language proficiency may also be associated with taste discrimination for certain ethnic groups.

scholarly journals Perceptions of employability among London’s low-paid: ‘Self-determination’ or ethnicity?

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Croucher ◽  
Sumeetra Ramakrishnan ◽  
Marian Rizov ◽  
Diana Benzinger
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Individual Level

This article investigates how ethnicity, gender and other characteristics affect low-paid workers’ perceptions of their employability in London’s labour market, examining self-efficacy, ethnic and dual labour market theories. The authors find that perceptions vary considerably, both between genders and ethnicities and in the extent to which they are ‘justified’ by human capital attributes. Optimism varies between genders and ethnic groups but individuals’ perceptions vary to an even greater extent within genders and ethnic groups. Hence, individual-level ‘self-determination’ explanations of these perceptions appear to have greatest explanatory power in this specific context, although ethnic theories also have utility.

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