Immune activation with peptide assemblies carrying Lewis y tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Yamazaki ◽  
Naoki Watabe ◽  
Hiroaki Obata ◽  
Eri Hara ◽  
Masashi Ohmae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Activation ◽  
Carbohydrate Antigen ◽  
Lewis Y

The Lewis-Y Carbohydrate Antigen is Expressed by Many Human Tumors and Can Serve as a Target for Genetically Redirected T cells Despite the Presence of Soluble Antigen in Serum

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Westwood ◽  
William K. Murray ◽  
Melanie Trivett ◽  
Nicole M. Haynes ◽  
Benjamin Solomon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Carbohydrate Antigen ◽  
Human Tumors ◽  
Soluble Antigen ◽  
Lewis Y

Preparation of Mouse-Human Chimeric Antibody to an Embryonic Carbohydrate Antigen, Lewis Y

1993 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Kaneko ◽  
Yoshitaka Iba ◽  
Koichi Zenita ◽  
Katsuyoshi Shigeta ◽  
Eoichi Nakano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbohydrate Antigen ◽  
Chimeric Antibody ◽  
Lewis Y

Immune responses against Lewis Y tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen displayed densely on self-assembling nanocarriers

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (43) ◽  
pp. 8095-8105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Yamazaki ◽  
Yukiko Nambu ◽  
Masashi Ohmae ◽  
Manabu Sugai ◽  
Shunsaku Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Carbohydrate Antigen ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Lewis Y

Immune responses against Lewis Y (LY) displayed at varying densities on the nanocarriers were studied.

The Oral Intake of Organic Germanium, Ge-132, Elevates α-Tocopherol Levels in the Plas-ma and Modulates Hepatic Gene Expression Profiles to Promote Immune Activation in Mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 0183-0195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Nakamura ◽  
Tomoya Takeda ◽  
Yoshihiko Tokuji
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Hepatic Gene Expression ◽  
Tocopherol Concentration ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Transfer Protein

The common water-soluble organic germanium compound poly-trans-[(2-carboxyethyl) germasesquioxane] (Ge-132) exhibits activities related to immune responses and antioxidant induction. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidative effect of dietary Ge-132 in the plasma of mice. Male ICR mice (seven mice per group) received an AIN-76 diet with 0.05 % Ge-132; three groups received the Ge-132-containing diet for 0, 1 or 4 days. The plasma alpha-tocopherol (α-tocopherol) concentration increased from 6.85 to 9.60 μg/ml after 4 days of Ge-132 intake (p < 0.05). We evaluated the changes in hepatic gene expression related to antioxidative activity as well as in the entire expression profile after one day of Ge-132 intake, using DNA microarray technology. We identified 1,220 genes with altered expression levels greater than 1.5-fold (increased or decreased) as a result of Ge-132 intake, and α-tocopherol transfer protein (Ttpa) gene expression was increased 1.62-fold. Immune activation was identified as the category with the most changes (containing 60 Gene Ontology (GO) term biological processes (BPs), 41 genes) via functional clustering analysis of altered gene expression. Ge-132 affected genes in clusters related to ATP production (22 GO term BPs, 21 genes), lipid metabolism (4 GO term BPs, 38 genes) and apoptosis (5 GO term BPs). Many GO term BPs containing these categories were significantly affected by the Ge-132 intake. Oral Ge-132 intake may therefore have increased plasma α-tocopherol levels by up-regulating α-tocopherol transfer protein (Ttpa) gene expression.

Inflammational Animal Models for Schizophrenia

2015 ◽  
Vol 223 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Juckel
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Microglial Activation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Synaptic Connections ◽  
Preventive Interventions ◽  
Immunological System

Abstract. Inflammational-immunological processes within the pathophysiology of schizophrenia seem to play an important role. Early signals of neurobiological changes in the embryonal phase of brain in later patients with schizophrenia might lead to activation of the immunological system, for example, of cytokines and microglial cells. Microglia then induces – via the neurotoxic activities of these cells as an overreaction – a rarification of synaptic connections in frontal and temporal brain regions, that is, reduction of the neuropil. Promising inflammational animal models for schizophrenia with high validity can be used today to mimic behavioral as well as neurobiological findings in patients, for example, the well-known neurochemical alterations of dopaminergic, glutamatergic, serotonergic, and other neurotransmitter systems. Also the microglial activation can be modeled well within one of this models, that is, the inflammational PolyI:C animal model of schizophrenia, showing a time peak in late adolescence/early adulthood. The exact mechanism, by which activated microglia cells then triggers further neurodegeneration, must now be investigated in broader detail. Thus, these animal models can be used to understand the pathophysiology of schizophrenia better especially concerning the interaction of immune activation, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. This could also lead to the development of anti-inflammational treatment options and of preventive interventions.

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