The impact of fluazaindolizine on free‐living nematodes and the nematode community structure in a root‐knot nematode infested vegetable production system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Talavera ◽  
Tim C. Thoden ◽  
María D. Vela‐Delgado ◽  
Soledad Verdejo‐Lucas ◽  
Sara Sánchez‐Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Production System ◽  
Nematode Community ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Free Living ◽  
The Impact

Perception of the impact of root-knot nematode-induced diseases in horticultural protected crops of south-eastern Spain

Nematology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 517-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Talavera ◽  
Samir Sayadi ◽  
Manuel Chirosa-Ríos ◽  
Tomas Salmerón ◽  
Elena Flor-Peregrín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Method ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Nematode Control ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Protected Cultivation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Prevalent Species ◽  
Crop Sequence

With a surface area of 37 000 ha and an annual yield of 3 × 106 t, the south-east of Spain, predominantly the coast of Almeria, is the largest horticultural growing area under protected cultivation in Europe. A survey on perception of the impact of root-knot nematodes on vegetable production was carried out in this area by face-to-face interviews with 120 farm advisors. The survey was designed to evaluate opinions about prevalence and severity of root-knot nematode-induced diseases, percentage of infested area and effectiveness of root-knot nematode control methods. According to the answers, 17.7% of the fields were infested with root-knot nematode and 18.8% of the cultivable area within each site showed root-knot nematode disease symptoms, which came to 2.0% of the total area used to grow vegetables in the region. Average yield loss was estimated at about 30.8% of total vegetable production, and 38.1% of the farm advisors considered that root-knot nematode infections had increased over the last 5 years. Most farm advisors (78.3%) stated that the most commonly used control method was chemical soil fumigation. Non-fumigant nematicides were cited by 59.8% of them, grafting and resistant cultivars by 42.3%, soil solarisation 38.1%, plant extracts 14.4% and biofumigation 6.2%. The majority of farm advisors considered the application of fumigant nematicides combined with soil solarisation, and grafting onto resistant rootstocks as the most effective methods of root-knot nematode control. In addition to the interviews, plant and soil samples were taken from plastic greenhouses throughout the region to determine species of root-knot nematode present. Meloidogyne javanica was the most prevalent species followed by M. incognita and M. arenaria, but species distribution was linked to the predominating crop sequence in each area, since M. javanica occurred less frequently when sweet pepper rather than tomato appeared in the crop sequence.

scholarly journals Earthworms and Plant Residues Modify Nematodes in Tropical Cropping Soils (Madagascar): A Mesocosm Experiment

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Villenave ◽  
Bodo Rabary ◽  
Emilie Kichenin ◽  
Djibril Djigal ◽  
Eric Blanchart
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Nematode Community ◽  
Mesocosm Experiment ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Organic Residues ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Specific Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

Free-living nematodes present several characteristics that have led to their use as bioindicators of soil quality. Analyzing the structure of nematofauna is a pertinent way to understand soil biological processes. Earthworms play an important role in soil biological functioning and organic matter dynamics. Their effects on soil nematofauna have seldom been studied. We studied the effect of the tropical endogeic earthworm,Pontoscolex corethrurus, on nematode community structure in a 5-month field mesocosm experiment conducted in Madagascar. Ten different treatments with or without earthworms and with or without organic residues (rice, soybean) were compared. Organic residues were applied on the soil surface or mixed with the soil. The abundance of nematodes (bacterial and fungal feeders) was higher in presence ofP. corethrurusthan in their absence. The type of plant residues as well as their localisation had significant effects on the abundance and composition of soil nematodes. The analysis of nematode community structure showed that earthworm activity led to an overall activation of the microbial compartment without specific stimulation of the bacterial or fungal compartment.

Effects of resource manipulation on nematode community structure and metabolic footprints in an arable soil across time and depth

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1025-1043
Author(s):  
Martin Ewald ◽  
Olena Glavatska ◽  
Liliane Ruess
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Nematode Community ◽  
Free Zone ◽  
Nematode Diversity ◽  
The Impact

Summary In an arable field the herbivore and detritivore soil food chains were manipulated by the following treatments: maize as crop, amendment with maize litter and bare soil, representing labile rhizodeposits, recalcitrant plant debris and soil organic matter as major resource, respectively. Samples from top soil, rooted zone and root-free zone were collected in two consecutive years. The impact of these differences in resource availability and quality on the nematode community composition, Maturity Index (MI), diversity () and metabolic footprints was assessed. Plant feeders were fostered by the presence of maize and fungal feeders by litter amendment. Correspondingly, non-parametric multidimensional scaling showed that nematode community structure was most different between plant and litter plots, while bare soil was nested in-between. This indicates that resource depletion under bare soil did not result in distinctly different nematode assemblages. The MI was low and similar across treatments and depths, reflecting soil disturbance by arable management. Nematode diversity was highest under the crop in the second year, which mirrors the general positive impact of plants on belowground processes. However, the composite footprint showed that the removal of plants from the system had an overall low impact on the metabolic response of the nematode community. Taken together, this indicates a considerable resilience of the soil food web to the disruption of both the root and detrital carbon channel over at least two vegetation periods.

scholarly journals Nonchemical Management of Soilborne Pests in Fresh Market Vegetable Production Systems

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 1367-1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. O. Chellemi
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Production System ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Proactive Approach ◽  
The Impact

Nonchemical methods including host resistance, organic amendments, crop rotation, soil solarization, and cultural practices have been used to control soilborne pests in fresh market vegetable production systems. Their suitability as alternatives to methyl bromide will depend on the approach to pest management used by the grower. Traditionally, methyl bromide is used in production systems that rely on the single application of a broad-spectrum biocide to disinfest soils prior to planting. Non-chemical methods are not suitable for a single tactic approach to pest management because they do not provide the same broad spectrum of activity or consistency as fumigation with methyl bromide. Nonchemical methods are compatible with an integrated pest management (IPM) approach, where multiple tactics are used to maintain damage from pests below an economic threshold while minimizing the impact to beneficial organisms. However, adoption of IPM is hindered by the paucity of economically feasible sampling programs and thresholds for soilborne pests and by a reluctance of growers to commit additional resources to the collection and management of biological information. A novel approach to the management of soilborne pests is to design the crop production system to avoid pest outbreaks. Using this “proactive” approach, a tomato production system was developed using strip-tillage into existing bahia-grass pasture. By minimizing inputs and disruption to the pasture, growers were able to reap the rotational benefits of bahiagrass without cultivating the rotational crop. While minimizing the need for interventive procedures, a proactive approach is difficult to integrate into existing crop production systems and will require several years of testing and validation.

Responses of nematode community structure to pesticide treatments in an arid ecosystem of the Negev Desert

Nematology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Yosef Steinberger
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Trophic Group ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Nematode Community ◽  
Untreated Plot ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distributions ◽  
Treated Sample ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Temporal Basis

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of pesticides on free-living soil nematodes in a desert system. Spatial and temporal distributions as well as changes in nematode community structure were investigated. Soil samples were collected monthly between November 2000 and November 2001 from four plots: one treated with Nemacur, one with Edigan, one with water and one untreated plot as control. The nematode population as well as spatial distribution was found to be affected by treatments on a temporal basis. The different treatments applied led to a significant difference in the abundance of nematode trophic groups, where the fungivores and bacterivores were found to decrease in the pesticide-treated samples. A total of 31 genera were found in the samples, with 21 in the Nemacur-treated sample and 16 in the Edigan-treated sample. Ecological indices such as trophic diversity, maturity index and Shannon index elucidated the effect of pesticides on density, diversity and trophic group composition.

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