Phytopathogenic infection alters rice‐pest‐parasitoid tri‐trophic interactions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ze Sun ◽  
Jin‐Hua Shi ◽  
Hao Liu ◽  
Hazem Abdelnabby ◽  
Man‐Qun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Interactions ◽  
Rice Pest

Eco-smart pest management in rice farming: prospects and challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (Special) ◽  
pp. 143-155
Author(s):  
SD Mohapatra ◽  
R Tripathi ◽  
Anjani Kumar ◽  
Suchismita Kar ◽  
Minati Mohapatra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Pest Damage ◽  
Disruptive Technologies ◽  
Hyper Spectral ◽  
Rice Pest ◽  
Computer Based

The insect problem is accentuated in intensive rice cropping where the insects occur throughout the year in overlapping generations. Over 800 insect species damaging rice in one way or another, although the majority of them do very little damage. In India, about a dozen of insect species are of major importance but the economic damage caused by these species varies greatly from field to field and from year to year. Insect pests cause about 10-15 per cent yield losses. Farmers lose an estimated average of 37% of their rice crop to insect pests and diseases every year. This review focuses on precision farming tools being used in rice pest and diseases management viz., forecasting model for real-time pest-advisory services, hyper-spectral remote sensing in pest damage assessment, computer-based decision support system, disruptive technologies (mobile apps).

scholarly journals The food web in a subterranean ecosystem is driven by intraguild predation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Parimuchová ◽  
Lenka Petráková Dušátková ◽  
Ľubomír Kováč ◽  
Táňa Macháčková ◽  
Ondřej Slabý ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Web ◽  
Trophic Interactions ◽  
Intraguild Predation ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Trophic Niche ◽  
High Availability ◽  
Large Prey ◽  
Arthropod Predators ◽  
Body Sizes

AbstractTrophic interactions of cave arthropods have been understudied. We used molecular methods (NGS) to decipher the food web in the subterranean ecosystem of the Ardovská Cave (Western Carpathians, Slovakia). We collected five arthropod predators of the species Parasitus loricatus (gamasid mites), Eukoenenia spelaea (palpigrades), Quedius mesomelinus (beetles), and Porrhomma profundum and Centromerus cavernarum (both spiders) and prey belonging to several orders. Various arthropod orders were exploited as prey, and trophic interactions differed among the predators. Linear models were used to compare absolute and relative prey body sizes among the predators. Quedius exploited relatively small prey, while Eukoenenia and Parasitus fed on relatively large prey. Exploitation of eggs or cadavers is discussed. In contrast to previous studies, Eukoenenia was found to be carnivorous. A high proportion of intraguild predation was found in all predators. Intraspecific consumption (most likely cannibalism) was detected only in mites and beetles. Using Pianka’s index, the highest trophic niche overlaps were found between Porrhomma and Parasitus and between Centromerus and Eukoenenia, while the lowest niche overlap was found between Parasitus and Quedius. Contrary to what we expected, the high availability of Diptera and Isopoda as a potential prey in the studied system was not corroborated. Our work demonstrates that intraguild diet plays an important role in predators occupying subterranean ecosystems.

scholarly journals Trophic interactions and metal transfer in marine ecosystems driven by the Peruvian scallop Argopecten purpuratus aquaculture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iván Loaiza ◽  
Gudrun De Boeck ◽  
Juan Alcazar ◽  
Diego Campos ◽  
Susana Cárdenas‐Alayza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Interactions ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Metal Transfer ◽  
Argopecten Purpuratus

scholarly journals Harp seal body condition and trophic interactions with prey in Norwegian high Arctic waters in early autumn

2020 ◽  
pp. 102498
Author(s):  
Tore Haug ◽  
Martin Biuw ◽  
Harald Gjøsæter ◽  
Tor Knutsen ◽  
Ulf Lindstrøm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Trophic Interactions ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Harp Seal ◽  
Early Autumn

scholarly journals Ecological Importance of Cross-Feeding of the Intermediate Metabolite 1,2-Propanediol between Bacterial Gut Symbionts

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher C. Cheng ◽  
Rebbeca M. Duar ◽  
Xiaoxi Lin ◽  
Maria Elisa Perez-Munoz ◽  
Stephanie Tollenaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Interactions ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Trophic Interaction ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bifidobacterium Breve ◽  
Gut Symbionts ◽  
Gnotobiotic Mice ◽  
Ecological Importance ◽  
Isogenic Mutants

ABSTRACT Cross-feeding based on the metabolite 1,2-propanediol has been proposed to have an important role in the establishment of trophic interactions among gut symbionts, but its ecological importance has not been empirically established. Here, we show that in vitro growth of Lactobacillus reuteri (syn. Limosilactobacillus reuteri) ATCC PTA 6475 is enhanced through 1,2-propanediol produced by Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003 and Escherichia coli MG1655 from the metabolization of fucose and rhamnose, respectively. Work with isogenic mutants showed that the trophic interaction is dependent on the pduCDE operon in L. reuteri, which encodes the ability to use 1,2-propanediol, and the l-fucose permease (fucP) gene in B. breve, which is required for 1,2-propanediol formation from fucose. Experiments in gnotobiotic mice revealed that, although the pduCDE operon bestows a fitness burden on L. reuteri ATCC PTA 6475 in the mouse digestive tract, the ecological performance of the strain was enhanced in the presence of B. breve UCC2003 and the mucus-degrading species Bifidobacterium bifidum. The use of the respective pduCDE and fucP mutants of L. reuteri and B. breve in the mouse experiments indicated that the trophic interaction was specifically based on 1,2-propanediol. Overall, our work established the ecological importance of cross-feeding relationships based on 1,2-propanediol for the fitness of a bacterial symbiont in the vertebrate gut. IMPORTANCE Through experiments in gnotobiotic mice that employed isogenic mutants of bacterial strains that produce (Bifidobacterium breve) and utilize (Lactobacillus reuteri) 1,2-propanediol, this study provides mechanistic insight into the ecological ramifications of a trophic interaction between gut symbionts. The findings improve our understanding on how cross-feeding influences the competitive fitness of L. reuteri in the vertebrate gut and revealed a putative selective force that shaped the evolution of the species. The findings are relevant since they provide a basis to design rational microbial-based strategies to modulate gut ecosystems, which could employ mixtures of bacterial strains that establish trophic interactions or a personalized approach based on the ability of a resident microbiota to provide resources for the incoming microbe.

scholarly journals Methanogens: pushing the boundaries of biology

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole R. Buan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Trophic Interactions ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Microbial Conversion ◽  
Microbial Physiology ◽  
Methane Gas ◽  
Biogenic Carbon ◽  
Environmental Microbes

Methanogens are anaerobic archaea that grow by producing methane gas. These microbes and their exotic metabolism have inspired decades of microbial physiology research that continues to push the boundary of what we know about how microbes conserve energy to grow. The study of methanogens has helped to elucidate the thermodynamic and bioenergetics basis of life, contributed our understanding of evolution and biodiversity, and has garnered an appreciation for the societal utility of studying trophic interactions between environmental microbes, as methanogens are important in microbial conversion of biogenic carbon into methane, a high-energy fuel. This review discusses the theoretical basis for energy conservation by methanogens and identifies gaps in methanogen biology that may be filled by undiscovered or yet-to-be engineered organisms.

scholarly journals Contrasting effects of urbanization on arboreal and ground-dwelling land snails: role of trophic interactions and habitat fragmentation

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-614
Author(s):  
Ikuyo Saeki ◽  
Shigeru Niwa ◽  
Noriyuki Osada ◽  
Wakana Azuma ◽  
Tsutom Hiura
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Fragmentation ◽  
Trophic Interactions ◽  
Land Snails
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